高考英语大二轮 （直击考点+把脉高考+突破难点）阅读理解 第4讲 “错综复杂”的文章结构题专题复习课件（含调研、真题）.ppt

第四讲 错综复杂 的文章结构题 1 所谓文章结构题 就是指那些针对文章的整体篇章结构或某一段落的论述层次所设置的问题 这类题主要考查考生在理解全文的基础上对文章所描述事件的发展顺序 所说明事物的结构层次或在论述观点过程中使用的论证方法进行归纳和总结的能力 2 文章结构题的题干表现形式 1 whichofthefollowingshowstheorganizationofthepassage 2 inthenextpart whatwouldtheauthormostprobablydiscuss 3 thesecondparagraphisdevelopedby 4 howisthepassagemainlydeveloped 2013 陕西卷 accordingtosociologists 社会学家 everymodernindustrialsocietyhassomeformofsocialstratification 阶层 class powerandstatusareimportantindecidingpeople srankinsociety classmeansaperson seconomicpositioninsociety acommonlyusedclassificationislowerclass middleclassandupperclass whilesociologistsdisagreeonhowthesetermsshouldbeexactlydefined theydodescribesocietiesliketheunitedstatesquitewell onestudyshowsthat53 ofamericansbelongtothelowerclass 46 themiddleclass and1 theupperclass interestingly asurgeonearning 500 000ayearandabusdriverearning 50 000ayearbothregardthemselvesasthemiddleclass powerreferstotheamountofcontrolapersonhasoverotherpeople obviously peopleinpositionsofgreatpower suchasgovernors exercise 行使 bigpower butpeoplewhotakeordersfromothershavelesspower powerandclassdonotalwaysgohandinhand however forexample thegovernorofastatehasgreatpower butheorshemaynotbelongtoacorresponding 相应的 economicclass generally however thereisarelationshipbetweenpowerandclass toourknowledge therearen ttoomanypeoplewhoaren tmillionairesintheussenate statusisthehonororrespectattachedtoaperson spositioninsociety itcanalsobeaffectedbypowerandclass butnotnecessarilyso forexample auniversityprofessormayhaveahighstatusbutnotbelongtoahighsocialclassorhavealotofpoweroverothers 语篇解读社会学家认为 每一个现代工业社会的阶层是由经济 权力和地位等所决定的 1 whatcanwelearnabout themiddleclass fromparagraph2 a peopleearning 50 000ayearbelongtothemiddleclass b nearlyhalfamericansbelongtothemiddleclass c peoplegenerallyconsiderbusdriversasthemiddleclass d sociologistshaveacleardefinitionofthemiddleclass 解析 细节理解题 由第二段第四句可知 46 的美国人属于中产阶级 即接近一半的美国人属于中产阶级 答案 b 2 accordingtothetext weknowthat a powerandclassdonotalwayscorrespondwitheachotherb statusreferstoaperson seconomicpositioninsocietyc peoplewithhighstatushavealotofcontroloverothersd classislessimportantindecidingaperson ssocialrank解析 细节理解题 由第三段第三句 powerandclassdonotalwaysgohandinhand however 以及第四句所举的例子可知 权力和经济实力并不总是相一致 答案 a 3 whichofthefollowingshowsthestructureofthewholetext p paragraph 解析 推理判断题 从整篇文章来看 作者采用先整体概括 再分段论述的写作方法 答案 a 1 了解文章的大致框架是突破文章结构题的关键 对文章的分段方法有 1 按事情发展的顺序 2 按时间的先后顺序 3 按地点或空间位置的变换 4 按内容的总分关系 5 按人物的活动内容 2 针对此类题 考生应做到 一读 就是通读全文 二想 就是想一想每个自然段的主要内容 三归 就是把一些内容相同或关系密切的自然段并在一起 成为一个大段 四查 就是再把各段段意连起来 看是否能构成一个连贯的整体 五选 就是选出符合文章结构的正确答案 例如真题示例第3题 文章第一段总述了三个方面 class power status 在定义阶层中的作用 第二段 class 第三段 power 和第四段 status 分别叙述了它们的作用 文章结构为总 分式 所以选择a项 2013 山东省济南一中等四校高三下学期联考 accordingtobodylanguageexpertrobertphipps thewaypeoplesleepatnightactuallydeterminesalotaboutthetypeofpersonalitytheyhave phippshasidentifiedfoursleepingpositionsthataffectpersonality phippsfoundthatworriers thosewhostressthemost tendtosleepinthefetal 胎儿的 position hefoundthatthisisthemostcommonbedtimeposition withnearly58percentofpeoplesleepingontheirsidewithkneesupandheaddown themorewecurlup 蜷曲 themorecomfortweareseeking accordingtophipps thesecondmostcommonpositionisthelog sleepingwithastraightbody witharmsateachside asiftheyarestandingguardatbuckinghampalace indicatesstubbornness andthesepeople the28percentwhosleepthisway oftenwakeupstifferthanwhentheywenttosleep thelongeryousleeplikethis themorerigidyourthinkingisandyoucanbecomeinflexible whichmeansyoumakethingsharderforyourself accordingtophipps yearner 向往型 sleepersarenextonthelist about25percentofpeoplesleepinthisstyle ontheirsidewitharmsstretchedoutinfront lookingasiftheyareeitherchasingadreamorperhapsbeingchasedthemselves yearnersaretypicallytheirownworstcritics alwaysexpectingthebestresults explainedphipps thesepeopleoftenwakeuprefreshedandeagertofacethechallengesofthedayahead perhapsthemostpeculiar 奇怪的 ofsleepstylesisthefreefallerposition thissleepstylemakesup17percentofthepopulation theysleepfacedownwitharmsstretchedout thesepeople accordingtophipps feelliketheyhavelittlecontrolovertheirlife notonlyisthisthestrangestofsleepstyles butalsotheleastcomfortable andpeoplemaywakeupfeelingtiredandhavenoenergy inconclusion phippshasonlyonemorethingtoadd agoodnight ssleepsetsyouupforthefollowingdayandoursleepingpositionscandeterminehowwefeelwhenwewake 语篇解读本文为说明文 肢体语言专家发现 人们睡觉的姿势实际上揭示了很多个性类型的信息 1 whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage a agoodnight ssleepsetsyouupforthefollowingdayb yourpersonalitydependsalotonhowyousleepatnightc howyousleepatnightaffectswhatyoudothenextdayd whichsleepingpositionhelpsyousleepcomfortably 解析 考查主旨大意 根据本文的主题句中的 thewaypeoplesleepatnightactuallydeterminesalotaboutthetypeofpersonlitytheyhave 可知 本文主要讲的是 一个人晚上睡觉的姿势在很大程度上决定了这个人的个性特点 答案 b 2 whichofthefollowingpicturesisthefetalposition 解析 考查细节理解 根据第二段中的 withnearly58percentofpeoplesleepingontheirsidewithkneesupandheaddown 可知 胎儿睡姿 的姿势是 侧躺 头朝下 膝盖往上蜷成一团 故选d项 答案 d 3 theunderlinedword rigid isclosestinmeaningto a stubbornb flexiblec comfortabled strange解析 考查词义猜测 根据第三段中的 indicatesstubbornness 和第四段中的 youcanbecomeinflexible 可推知 该词与a项意思最接近 答案 a 4 whichsleepingpositionindicatesthatthesleepertendstoseekperfection a thefetalposition b thelogposition c theyearnerposition d thefreefallerposition 解析 考查细节理解 根据第五段第三句中的 yearnersaretypicallytheirownwor