全国职称英语等级考试试题(理工类)---爱问知识人.doc

全国职称英语等级考试试题（理工类）第一部分阅读理解(75分) Passage1 CATVisashortwayofsayingcommunityantenna(天线)television.Butcabletelevisionisthetermmostpeopleuse.CabletelevisionallowsviewerstoreceiveTVprogramsthattheycannotpickupwiththeirregularantennas. Televisionsignalsdonotfollowthecurve(曲线)oftheearth.Theytravelinstraightlinesinalldirections.SignalsfromaTVstationmovetowardthehorizon(水平线)andthengointospace.Ifyouliveonlyafewmilesfromastation,youmaynotgetanypictureatall. CATVbeganin1948.PeopleinplacesfarfromTVstationssharedthecostofputtinguphighantennas.Acommunityantennawasusuallyplacedonahill,amountain,oronahightower.TheantennapickedupTVsignalsandfedthemintoasmalllocalstation.Fromthestation,thickwirescalledcablesranouttonearbyhomes.Eachpersonusingthecablepaidamonthlycharge. CATVworkedwell,andsoonnewuseswerefoundforit.Localstationscouldfeedprogramsintoemptychannelsthatwerenotinuse.Peoplealongthecablecouldhavelocalnews,weatherreports,andfarmandschoolnewsatnoextracharge. Today,cabletelevisionhasmovedintocities.Itbringsinextraprogramsthatcityviewerswithregularantennascannotsee.Itisalsousedinmanyclassroomsthroughoutthecountry. 1.Fromthefirstparagraphweknowthat_. A.mostpeopleusecabletelevision B.communityantennaisanothernameforregularantenna C.acommunityantennaisusedforcabletelevision D.regularantennascannotpickupTVsignalsprograms 2.Ofthefollowing,whichisNOTthewayTVsignalstravel? A.Inacurve. B.Inastraightline. C.Inalldirection. D.Towardthehorizon. 3.CableTVisbecomingmoreandpopularbecause_. A.itisfreeofcharge B.itcanprovidemoreprograms C.itprovidesallTVusersgoodpictures D.TVsetswithregularantennascanalsohaveagoodreceptionthroughCATV 4.Onthewhole,thispassageisabout_. A.howtoputuphighantennas B.awayofpickingupbetterTVprograms C.howtousetheemptychannelsonyourTVset D.thewaythatTVsignalsaresent 5.Fromthepassagewecaninferthat_. A.TVhasbeguntobeusedforeducationalpurposes B.thereisnochargeforCATV C.cableTVcannotbeusedinmountainousareas D.antennasforcableTVareusuallyputupinthecenterofacommunity Passage2 Inearliesttimes,menconsideredlightningtobeoneofthegreatmysteriesofnature.Someancientpeoplebelievedthatlightningandthunderweretheweaponsofthegods. Inreality,lightningisaflowofelectricityformedhighabovetheearth.Asingleflashoflightning1.6kilometerslonghasenoughelectricitytolightonemillionlightbulbs. TheAmericanscientistandstatesman,BenjaminFranklin,wasthefirsttoshowtheconnectionbetweenelectricityandlightningin1752.Inthesameyearhealsobuiltthefirstlightningrod.Thisdeviceprotectsbuildingsfromdamagebylightning. Modernsciencehasdiscoveredthatonestrokeoflightingcontainsmorethan15millionvolts.Asparkbetweenacloudandtheearthmaybeaslongas13kilometers,andtravelataspeedof30millionmeterspersecond. Scientistsestimatethatthereareabout2000millionflashesoflightningperyear.LightninghitstheEmpireStateBuildinginNewYorkCity30to48timesayear.IntheUnitedStatesalongitkillsanaverageofonepersoneveryday. Thesafestplacetobeincaseofanelectricalstormisinaclosedcar.Outside,oneshouldgotolowgroundandnotgetundertrees.Also,oneshouldstayoutofwaterandawayfrommetalfences.Insideahouse,peopleshouldavoidopendoorwaysandwindowsandnottouchwiresormetalthings. Withlightning,itisbettertobesafethansorry! 6.Lightningisreally_. A.weapon B.electricity C.light D.mystery 7.Peopleoncethoughthatlightningcamefrom_. A.scientists B.ground C.lightningrod D.gods 8.Oneflashoflightningcanproduceenoughelectricityfor_bulbs. A.10,000 B.1,000 C.1,000,000 D.100 9.BenjaminFranklin_. A.madethefirstlightningrod B.inventedelectricity C.builttheEmpireStateBuilding D.preventedLightningfromhittingcars 10._isthebestplacetobeduringanelectricalstorm. A.Swimmingpool B.ahighground C.Underatree D.Acar Passage3 Becauseoftheenergycrisis,scientistsintheoil-consumingnationshavebecomeincreasinglyinterestedinthepotential(潜在的)ofsolarenergy.Someexpertsestimatethatthepresentsupplyoffossil(化石)fuelwillnotlastuntiltheendofthetwentiethcentury.Theproblemthatsolarenergyresearchersfaceishowtoharness(利用)thesunsenergyeffectivelyandinexpensively.Oneofthemostpopularmethodscurrentlybeingtestedusesrooftopsolarcollectorsandundergroundstoragetanks.Anadvantageofaproperlyworkingsystemofthistypeisthatitwillnotcreateanyenvironmentalpollution.Anotheradvantageofusingsolarenergyisthatthecostofthefuel-thesunsrays-iszero.Whenasolarheatingsystemisworkingatmaximum(最大的)efficiency,itcanprovideupto80percentofwinterheatingneeds. 11.Themaintopicofthispassageis_. A.theshortageoffossilfuel B.theproblemsthatenergyresearchersface C.anenvironmentalpollutionproblem D.aninexpensiveenergysource 12.Onepopularsolarheatingsystemmakesuseof_. A.roofcollectorsandundergroundstorage B.fossilfuelconversion C.undergroundoiltanks D.watercollectionandevaporation 13.Thecostofusingthesunsraysforheatingis_. A.aboutthesameasthecostoffossilfuels B.severalhundreddollarsperyear C.negligiblecomparedwithotherenergysources D.determinedbytheseverityofthewinter 14.Whichofthefollowingdescribesanadvantageofusingsolarenergy? A.Thereislittleornoenvironmentalpollution. B.Alargepercentageoffuelcostscanbesaved. C.Fossilfuelswillbecomemoreplentiful. D.Theoil-consumingnationswillnothavetoimportoil. 15.Accordingtosomeexperts,thesupplyoffossilfuelwillnotlast_. A.onemorecentury B.anindeterminabletime C.untiltheendofthiscentury D.indefinitely 第二部分完成句子(25分) 根据短文内容完成句子，每个空格只能填一个单词。有的单词第一个字母已经给出，请将其余字母补全。 Notlongago,anairplanewasflyingoverNewZealand.Therewasatelevisioncameracrewonboard.Suddenly,outinthenightsky,abrightsphere(球体)cameintoview.Everyoneonboardsawitandeveryonethough,UFO-UnidentifiedFlyingObject.Thecameracrewwentintoactionandstartedfilming.Thatweekpeopleallovertheworldsawthefilmofthismysteriouslightontheirtelevisionscreens.Whatwasit?Wasitaspaceshipfullofvisitorsfromanotherplanet?Thecaptainoftheaeroplaneandthefilmcrewbelieveditwas.Otherobservershadmanydifferentexplanations.SomesaiditwasVenus(金星).Otherssaiditwasjustatrickoflight. Anairtrafficcontrolleralsosawitonhisradarscreen.HethoughtthataflockofbirdswascausingdotsonhisradarscreenwhentheUFOappeared. MostastronomersnowbelievethatwhatthesepeoplesawwasalmostcertainlytheplanetVenus.Atthattimeofyearitisverybrightandeasytosee.Andfromamovingaeroplaneitcanappeartobemovingfast.SofarthereisnoproofthatUFOsorspaceshipsfromotherplanetsdoexist.TheseyearsinvestigatorsofUFOshaveinvestigatedthousandsofsighting-oroccasionswhenpeoplesaidtheysawaUFO.Ninetypercentoftheseturnedouttohaveasimpleexplanation. However,itsgoodideatokeepanopenmind.ScientistsinsomecountriesaretryingtopersuadetheirgovernmentstohelpthemstudyUFOs.Andtheyareplanningtocooperateinter-nationallyonreportingandinvestigatingsightingsofUFOs. Afterall,itisquitepossiblethatthereislifeoutthereintheuniverse.Andifsomethingisalive,itisquitepossiblethatitwillcometovisitus. 16.ThecaptainandthecameracrewbelievedthatUFOwasavspaceshipfromanotherplanet. 17.ManyobelievedthattheUFOwasVenus. 18.SofarthereisnoproofthatUFOsarespfromouterspace. 19.SomescientistsintheworldareplanningtodosomeronUFOs. 20.Plifeintheuniversemaytrytomakeavisittous. 第三部分阅读理解(80分) Passage1 Inrecentyears,scientificandtechnologicaldevelopmentshavedrasticallychangedhumanlifeonourplanet,aswellasourviewsbothofourselvesasindividualsinsocietyandoftheuniverseasawhole.MaybeoneofthemostprofounddevelopmentsofthelastdecadeisthediscoveryofrecombinantDNAtechnology,whichallowsscientiststointroducegenetic(遗传学的)material(orgenes)fromoneorganismintoanother.Initssimplestform,thetechnologyrequirestheisolationofapieceofDNA,eitherdirectlyfromtheDNAoftheorganismunderstudy,orartificiallysynthesizedfromanDNA.ThispieceofDNAisthenligated(结扎)toafragmentofbacterialDNAwhichhasthecapacitytoreplicate(复制)itselfindependently.Therecombinantmoleculethusproducedcanbeintroducedintothecommonintestinal(内部的)bacteriumEscherishchiacoli,whichcanbegrowninverylargeamountsinsyntheticmedia.Underproperconditions,theforeigngenewillnotonlyreplicateinthebacteria,butalsoexpressitself,throughtheprocessoftranscriptionandtranslation,togiverisetolargeamountsofthespecificproteincodedbytheforeigngene. Thetechnologyhasalreadybeensuccessfullyappliedtotheproductionofseveraltherapeutically(疗法的)importantbiomolecules,suchas,growthhormones,interferon,insulin. Manyotherimportantapplicationsareunderdetailedinvestigationinlaboratoriesthroughouttheworld. 21.RecombinantDNAtechnologyconsistsprimarilyof_. A.producingseveraltherapeuticallyimportantbiomolecules B.givingrisetolargeamountsofprotein C.introducinggeneticmaterialfromoneorganismintoanother D.usingaviralenzymecalledreversetranscriptase 22.RecombinantDNAtechnologyhasbeenusedintheproductionofallofthefollowingbiomoleculesexcept_. A.growthhormones B.Escherishchiacoli C.interferon D.insulin 23.Whichofthefollowingisnottrue? A.Theforeigngenewillreplicateinthebacteria,butitwillnotexpressitselfthroughtranscriptionandtranslation. B.ThebacteriumEscherishchiacolicanbegrowninlargeamountsinsyntheticmedia. C.Researchcontinuesinanefforttofindotherusesforthistechnology. D.RecombinantDNAtechnologyisarecentdevelopment. 24.ExpressionofageneinEscherishchiacolirequires_. A.theviralenzymereversetranscriptase B.theprocessesoftranscriptionandtranslation C.productionofinsulinandotherbiomolecules D.thatthebacteriabegrowninasyntheticmedia 25.Thetermrecombinantisusedbecause_. A.byligation,arecombinantmoleculeisproduced,whichhasthecapacityofreplication B.thetechniquerequiresthecombinationofseveraltypesoftechnology C.byligation,arecombinantproteinisproduced,partofwhoseaminoacidscomefromdifferentorganism D.Escherishchiacoliisarecombinantorganism Passage2 Watchababybetweensixandninemonthsold,andyouwillobservethebasicconceptsofgeometrybeinglearned.Oncethebabyhasmasteredtheideathatspaceisthree-dimensional,itreachesoutandbeginsgraspingvariouskindsofobjects.Itisthen,fromperhapsninetofifteenmonths,thattheconceptsofsetsandnumbersareformed.Sofar,sogood.Butnowominous(不祥的)developmenttakesplace.Thenervefibersinthebraininsulate(使隔离)themselvesinsuchawaythatthebabybeginstohearsoundsveryprecisely.Soonitpicksuplanguage,anditisthenbroughtintodirectcommunicationwithadults.Fromthispointon,itisusuallydownhillallthewayformathematics,becausethechildnowbecomesexposedtoallthenonsensewordsandbeliefsofthecommunityintowhichithasbeensounfortunateastohavebeenborn.Naturehavingdoneverywellbythechildnowbecomesexposedtoallthenonsensewordsandbeliefsoftothispoint,havingpermittedittheluxuryofthinkingforitselfforeighteenmonths,nowabandonsittothearbitraryconventionsandbeliefsofsociety.Butatleastthechildknowssomethingofgeometryandnumbers,anditwillalwaysretainsomememoryoftheearlyhalcyon(平静的)daysnomatterwhatvicissitudes(变化)itmaysufferlateron.Themainreservoirofmathematicaltalentinanysocietyisthuspossessedbychildrenwhoareabouttwoyearsold.Childrenwhohavejustlearnedtospeakfluently. 26.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss? A.Theimpactoflanguageonmathematics. B.Childrensabilitytolearnlanguages. C.Howbasicconceptsofphysicsarelearned. D.Math-learningstrategiesforbabies. 27.Accordingtothepassage,whichoffollowingactivitieswouldteachababygeometry? A.Pickingupawoodenblock. B.Recognizingthenumber2. C.Utteringanonsenseword. D.Lookingatdistantobjects. 28.Accordingtotheauthor,atwhatagedoesachildprobablybegintolearnaboutsetsandnumbers? A.Sixmonths. B.Ninemonths. C.Fifteenmonths. D.Eighteenmonths. 29.Theuseofthewordominousshowsthattheauthorbelievethechilds_. A.linguisticfutureisthreatened B.nerveswilldeteriorate C.hearingwillsuffer D.mathematicalabilityalldecline 30.Thepassagesupportwhichofthefollowingconclusions? A.Thelanguageconceptsusedinearlyeducationinterferewithmathematicalreasoning. B.Itishopelesstotrytoteachchildrenmathematicsaftertheageoftwo. C.Languageteachingshouldincorporatesomemathematicalformulas. D.Preschooleducationshouldstresssocietysbeliefsandconventions 第四部分概括大意(20分) 给下面一篇文章的每一段概括大意。每一段的主题用一个或几个单词表示，空出的词已给出了第一个字母，请把其余字母补全。 31.TheSolarE Thesunisthesourceofmostoftheheatknowntous.Asadirectsourceofheat,thesunmaintainslifeuponthisplanet,150000000kilometersdistant.Itisalsoanindirectsourceofheat.Sincetheearthisderivedfromthesun,itisthelatterthatwemusttracesomeoftheearthsinternalheatthatrevealsitselfthroughvolcanoes,geysers(喷泉),andhotsprings. 32.InsectsandSurfaceT Aninsectisnotafraidofgravity,butitisindeadlyfearofanotherforceofnature.Thisforceiscalledsurfacetension(张力).Amancomingoutofabathcarrieswithhimafilmofwateraboutonefiftiethofaninchinthickness.Thisweightsaboutapound.Awetmousehastocarryitsownweightinwater.Awetflyhastoliftmanytimesitsownweight,and,aseveryoneknows,aflyoncewettedbywateroranyotherliquidisinaveryseriouspositionindeed.Aninsectgoingforadrinkisinasgreatdangerasamanleaningovertheedgeofacliffinsearchoffood.Ifitoncefallsintothegripofthesurfacetensionofthewater-thatistosay,getswetitislikelytoremainsountilitdrowns.Afewinsectscontrivetobeunwettable;themajoritykeepawayfromtheirdrinkbymeansoflongproboscis(喙). 33.TofBoilingPointofLiquids Whenthetemperatureofaliquidisraisedenough,theliquidboils.Thismeansthatbubblesofvapor,containingmillionsofmoleculesformbelowthesurface.Inorderforsuchbubblestobeproduced,thepressureofthevaporinsidethemmustbeequaltothepressureoftheairuponthesurfaceoftheliquid.Iftheairpressureisgreater,thebubblewillcollapse.Theboilingpointofaliquid,then,isthetemperatureatwhichthevaporpressureoftheliquidisequaltotheatmosphericpressureupontheliquidatthesurface. 34.EandContraction Solidsalsoexpandwithincreaseintemperatureandcontractwhencooled.Buttheydonotbehavequitesouniformly(相同地)inthisrespectasliquidsandgasesdo,particularlyinthecaseofwidevariations,intemperature.Mostsolidsexpendorcontractbyadefiniteamountforeverydegreeofthetemperaturethatrisesorfalls.Theamountbywhichonsubstanceexpandsandcontractsforonedegreeisnotusuallythesameasthatforadifferentsubstance.Thus,foragivenriseintemperature,apieceofbrassexpandsatlittlemorethanapieceofcopperandmuchmorethanapieceofsteelofthesamesize. 35.AofElectricTrains Electrictrainshavemanyadvantagesoverthosedrawnbysteamengines.Thereisnosmoketosoilthepassengersclothesandthecushionsinthetrain.Becausetheycarrynoheavyloadsofcoalandwater,thesetrainscanstartandstopwithlesswasteofpower.Inastationtheyaresilent:theresnosteamtoproducenoisetodeafenthepassengers. 第五部分阅读理解(120分) Passage1 Intheatmosphere,carbondioxideactsratherlikeaone-waymirrortheglassintheroofagreenhousewhichallowsthesunsraystoenterbutpreventstheheatfromescaping. Accordingtoaweatherexpertsprediction,theatmospherewillbe7oCwarmerintheyear2050thanitistoday,ifmancontinuestoburnfuelsatthepresentrate.Ifthiswarminguptookplace,theicecapesinthepoleswouldbegintomelt,thusraisingsealevelseveralmetresandseverelyfloodingcoastalcit