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1 完型 1 “ Culture shock” occurs as a result of total immersion in a new culture“文化冲击”是完全浸人一种新文化所产生的结果。 It happens to “ people who have been suddenly moved abroad” 这一现象经常发生在“突然移居国外的人”身上。 Newcomers may be anxious because they do not speak the language, know the customs, or understand peoples behavior in daily deili ad. 每日地,日常地 a. 每日的,日常的 life初来乍到者与当地人讲不同的语言,不了解当地的习俗,也无法理解人们日常生活中的行为。他们会因此而感到焦虑不安。 The visitor finds that “ yes” may not always mean“ yes,旅游者发现“是”并非总代表“赞同”, that friendliness does not necessarily mean friendship,友好不一定代表友谊, or that statements that appear to be serious are really intended as jokes听起来严肃的话语也许只是玩笑。 The foreigner may be unsure as to(至于) when to shake hands or hug, when to start conversations, or how to approach a stranger外国人无法确定什么情况下该握手,什么情况下该拥 抱,什么时候开始说话,如何结识陌生人。 The notion(概念 ) of “ culture shock” helps explain feelings of bewilderment ( n.困惑 )“文化冲击”可以帮助我们解释这种困惑感。 Language problems do not account for all the frustrations ( n.挫折) that people feel语言并非造成人们这种挫折感的全部原因。 When one is deprived ( vt.夺去) of everything that was once(adv.一次 ) familiar a.熟悉的;冒昧的 , such as understanding a transportation system, knowing how to register for university classes,or knowing how to make friends.difficulties in dealing with the new society may arise .像交通系统,注册大学课程,交友等这些一个人曾经熟 悉的一切全部消失,他在新社会中肯定会碰到一些困难。 完型 Great books deal ( v t.对付;应付 ,常与 with 连用 )with the persistently unsolved problems of human life 重要的书籍是用来解决人类生活中难以解决的问题的 There are genuine a.真的;真正的 mysteries n.神秘小说,侦探小说 in the world that mark the limits( n.极限 ) of human knowing and thinking 世界上确实有一些限制人类知识和思维的真正神秘的东西 Inquiry not only begins with wonder, but usually ends with it also 询问不仅开始于疑惑,也结束于疑惑 Great minds acknowledge v t .承认;表示感谢 mysteries honestly 伟人都承认神秘的存在 Wisdom( n.智慧,聪明,才智 )is fortified(加强的 )not destroyed ( v t .破坏,毁灭;消灭) , by understanding its limitations( n.限制;限度,局限 )智慧是可以通过了解它的限制来得到加强而不是被摧毁 It is our privilege( n.特权,优惠 ) ,as readers ,to belong to( 属于 )the larger brotherhood( n. 哲学 博爱; 手足情谊) of man that recognizes( vt.识别) no national(国家的 ) boundaries n.分界线 It is our privilege, as readers ,to belong to the larger brotherhood of man that recognizes no national boundaries 作为读者,我们是属于广范围的集体,没有任何国界,这是我们的特权 I do not know how to escape vt.逃脱 from the strait-jacket(约束物 )of political nationalism 我不知道如何摆脱政治国家主义的束缚 I do know how we become friends of the human spirit(n.精神 ) in all its manifestations n.表明 ; 现象 (显示 ), regardless( a. 不管的; 2 不顾的。与 of 连用) of time and place It is by reading the great books 但是我确实知道我们如何在大范围内成为人类精神的朋友,不受时间地点的局限。我们可以通过读好书达到这一点 (完型 ) What a challenge I must have been to Miss Sullivan! I remember the many times she tried to spell words into my small hand But neither words nor letters meant anything to me I thought her finger movements were some kind of game But at last。 On April 5, 1887, she reached my understanding About a month after her arrival, she taught me the word water我对萨利文小姐是个多大的挑战呀 !我记着她多次努力,在我小手里拼写单词,但无论单词还是字母对我都毫无意义。在我看来。她手指的运动就是一种游戏,但 1887 年 4 月 5 日,她最终触到了我的思维。她到后一个月,教会了我 水这个字 It happened at the well where 1 was holding a mug while my teacher drew water As the water gushed over my hand, she kept spelling w-a-t-e-r into my other hand with her fingers Suddenly I understood!这发生在井边,我拿着大杯子,老师汲水。水从我手上流过,她用手指不停地拼写 水 这个单词,突然,我理解了。 完型 There are many ways of attaining education at all levels Many high schools, colieges, community or district adult schools as well as business and industrial institutions offer noncredit(无学分的 )daytime or evening classes in dozens of fields and skills It is reported that about 1 3 million Americans participate in different forms of adult education through schools, job training, or correspondence courses.About one in four American adults participate in an organized learning group each vear。 In recent years, there has been a trend to bring in older students for post secondary education degree As has been mentioned, the communitv college has made it possible for all sections of the population to have higher education Other colleges and universities, both public and private also offer what is now called“ continuing education” programs or“ lifelong education” programs of associate degrees?graduate studies or professional development Under such a system, a worker may contmue his study even on a part time basis, and a retired person may return college at an advanced age 有许多接受不同层次教育的方式。许多高中、大学、社区或区域成人学校以及工商业学术机构都提供许多领域和技能的无学分日班或夜班 。据报道,美国大约有 1300万人通过学校、职业培训或函授课程来参与不同形式的成人教育。大约四分之一的美国成人每年都要参加有组织的学习团体。近几年来,有一种趋势是让年龄大一点的学生获得中等教育学位。正如前面所提到的,社区大学可以使任何年龄段的人拥有接受高等教育的机会。其他学院和大学,包括公立和私立的,都提供“继续教育”或“终身教育”,用来获得副学位、毕业教育或职业进修。在这样的教育体系下,工人可以进行业余教育,上了年纪的退休的人也可以进入大学学习。 完型 Many people exchange presents and send Christmas cards to their family and friends 在圣诞节,许多人交换礼物,给家人寄送贺卡 They open their presents on Christmas Eve or Christmas morning 他们在圣诞节前夜或圣诞节早上 3 打开礼物 Often they leave the brightly wrapped packages under Christ runs Trees and children have fun for guessing what special surprises are in store for them 通常,他们把这些色彩绚烂的礼包放在圣诞树下,孩子们猜测包中有什么,从中获得乐趣 As the colorful cards arrive, Americans enjoy hanging them on the Christmas trees 收到五颜六色的贺卡后,美国人喜欢把它们挂在圣诞树上 Many families go to church on Christmas Eve or Christmas morning Then they come home to enjoy a traditional Christmas dinner 许多家庭在圣诞前夜或圣诞节上午去教堂,然后回家享用传统的圣诞家宴 Their favorite courses are turkey, goose, and plum pudding 他们最喜欢的菜是火鸡、鹅和葡萄干布丁 Before going to bed children hang their stockings by their beds, hoping some candles and tovs will be given by Santa Claus 睡觉之前,孩子们把长筒袜挂在床边,希望圣诞老人会给他们送来糖果和玩具。 完型 5 Aging is the process of growing old It occurs eventually (最终 )in every living thing provided(倘若 ),of course, that an illness or accident does not kill it prematurely(过早地 ) The most familiar outward signs of aging may be seen in old people, such as the graying of the hair and the wrinkling of the skin Signs of aging in a pet (宠物 )dog or cat include loss of playfulness and energy, a decline in hearing and eyesight, or even a slight graying of the coat. Plants age too, but the signs are much harder to detect(探测 )衰老是逐渐变老的过程。衰老发生在每个有生命的事物中,除非疾病或其他缘故过早地将之损害。衰老的最熟悉的外在迹象可以在老人中看到,比如头发变白,皮肤起了皱纹等。宠物狗、猫的衰老迹象是失去活力,听力和视力下降,皮毛的颜色变自变灰。植物也会衰老,但是衰老的迹象是很难被发现的。 Most body parts grow bigger and stronger, and function more efficient1y during childhood They reach their peak at the time of maturity(成熟 ), or early adulthood Then they begin to decline Bones, for example , gradually become lighter and softer 身体的许多部位渐渐地成长起来,变大变壮,并且功能逐渐增强。这些器官在成熟或成年早期功能最强。然后开始功能慢慢地衰退。比如, 骨头渐渐地变轻变脆。 完型 6 The fact that I enjoy learning and gaining knowledge was my main reason for choosing to enter college,but I must admit that it was not the sole(惟一的 )reason In today s world, a college education had become almost essential if one wishes to compete in the job market In the next several years, this trend will surely continue with a bachelor s(学士 )degree becoming almost indispensable(必不可少的 )if one wishes to find a worthwhile(有价值的 ) position, and a master s(硕士 ) degree becoming highly desirable for advanced positions Although it may sound materialistic(唯物的 )。 I felt that attending college was a practical and necessary step that I took to ensure a secure future for my family and myself I made my choice to study engineering primarily on the basis of my love of mathematics 4 and the physical sciences; however, the fact that it is a well-paid and respected profession did have some influence on my final decision to study 喜欢学习和获取知识是我选择进人大学的主要原因,但是我必须承认这不是惟一的原因。在当今的世界,如果想在工作中具有竞争力,那么拥有大学水平的教育是必需的。在未来的几年中,这种趋势肯定会继续下 去,如果一个人想找到一个有价值的岗位,学士学位已经变得必不可少了,并且硕士学位对某些高级岗位来讲是非常合意的。尽管听起来是唯物的,但是我感觉上大学是必要的实践步骤,是用来保证我和我的家庭未来安全的。基于对数学和自然科学的热爱,我选择学习工程。然而,搞工程收入高和受到尊敬对我最后做出决定确实有一些影响。 完型 7 Twenty years ago, more than 60 of the employed work force was male now it has decreased to just 51 20年前, 60多的雇佣劳动者是男性,现在这一数目已降到了 5l。 During this twenty-year period there has been a 2.8-million fall in the number of men in work, and a 2-Million rise in the number of women 20 年间,男性雇佣劳动者减少了280 万,而女性劳动雇佣者增加了 200 万。 At present there are 10.68 million male employees and 10.14 million women现在,有 1068 万男性雇佣劳动者, 1014 万女性劳动雇佣者。 Although many women workers are part-time workers, around 45 of the total虽然许多妇女 (约占总数的 45 )是半日工, this represents the only source of earned income for many households in areas where employment is depressed沮丧的,凹陷的 她们的工资是许多劳动力市场萧条地区家庭的惟一收入来源。 Analysts say that much of the upturn in employment during the recovery of economy will be in part-time jobs for women但分析家指出,在经济恢复期内,劳动力市场好转就是给妇女半日工种工作。 A big British shop, as well as British Airways, has recently announced plans to increase part-time employment at the expense of full-time jobs英国航空公司和一家大型商店最近宣布,计划减少全日工种以提高半日工种的数量 。 完型 8 The Urgency Addiction (瘾、沉溺 ) 紧张的癖好 Some of us get so used to the rush of handling crises that we become dependent on it for a sense of excitement and energy我们当中有些人习惯于忙忙碌碌地处理紧急情况,以至于我们依赖这种忙碌让自己兴奋和精神饱满。 How does urgency feel ? Stressful ?Tense ?Exhausting ?Sure紧迫感是一种什么感觉呢 ?感觉有压力 ?紧张 ?当然是这样。 But lets be honest Its also sometimes exciting We feel useful We feel successful坦白地说,有时候紧迫使人兴奋、激 动,让人感觉自己是能干的、成功的。 And we get good at it It brings instant results and instant satisfaction我们变得擅长于此。紧迫能够带来即时的成就和满足感。 We get a temporary(临时的,暂时的 )excitement from solving urgent and important crises解决紧迫并且重要的危急事件可以得到暂时的兴奋与激动。Then when the importance isnt there, we would feel uneasy and we are drawn to anything urgent, just to stay in motion当事情的重要性不复存在,我们就会变得不自在,对紧迫的事情非常感兴趣,时刻处于行动状态中。 People expect us to be busy and overworked其他人都希望我们一直忙碌,并且超负荷工作。 Its become a status symbol in our society-if were busy, 5 were important; if were not busy, were almost embarrassed to admit it这已经成为一个人社会身份的标志了:如果我们非常忙碌,就说明我们非常重要;如果不忙碌,我们几乎羞于承认这一点 ?Being busy is where we get our security Its validating, popular, and pleasing忙碌给人安全感,也是一种证明,说明你受欢迎、与人友善。 Its also a good excuse for not dealing with the first things in our lives同时它也是一个很好的借口,我们以此来为自己辩白为什么不去做生活中那些首要事情。 Urgency addiction is a self-destructive behavior that temporarily(临时地、暂时地 )fills the void created by unmet needs尽管紧迫的癖好能够暂时满足一些需求,但它是一种自我毁灭的行为。 And instead of meeting these needs, the tools and approaches of time management often feed the addiction时间管理的各种工具和方法往往助长人的这种癖好,而不是解决存在的问题, They keep us focused on daily ordering of the urgent它们使人的注意力集中于每天将这些紧迫的事情排序 。 翻译部分 演讲时,要极力放松。讲话要慢,清楚,眼睛看着你的听众。只要有可能就用简单的词汇和表达方式。不是的停下几秒钟,让你的听众有机会想想你所讲 过的东西。要确保屋子里的每一个人都听到你的讲话。如果是个大屋子,你或许应该用扩音器。 记住,要有准备。要了解你讲演的主题,你的听众和场合。要简短。说你必须说的,然后就结束。让你的个性显示出来。这样你就讷讷感和听众交心。 如果你遵守这些简单的步骤,你就明白没有必要害怕在公众面前讲演。实际上,你会感到这种经历是饶有兴味的,你会想要做更多的讲演。现在你还不相信?请试一试,看看情况会如何。 为何某些人在讲演时似乎能够自然而然地吸引听众的注意力并赢得足够的尊重呢 ? 哪些因素有助于听众倾听并留意讲演内容呢 ? 这些人 通常并未使用“牛津”英语,亦未通过完美的语法结构进行自我表述,措辞决不是完美无缺, 这并非取决于演讲者的身份或演讲内容。这些人通常并未使用“牛津”英语,亦未通过完美的语法结构进行自我表述,措辞决不是完美无缺, 但他们能够引起听众的共鸣。 这些人往往具有优美流畅、丰富多彩的语音,并能够有效运用语音幅度中的低音部分。 观察和倾听他人的说话, 音调低沉说明具有一定的控制力和足够的自信心。 6 那些语速较快、呼吸急促、音调较高的人似乎不如那些语速较慢、音调低沉的人更富有自信力。 在日常生活、社交及工作中,有时我们需要妥 善地运用适度的音量和影响力的技能。 若对此感兴趣,您不妨一试 。 若采用后一种选择,您或者可以通过改变方式来重新提出要求,使之更加具有命令性,从而强调信息的重要性;或提高音量,改变音调,以便符合演讲背后的情感要求 e 比如当您用一种明确的平声调,满怀信心地提出某种要求时,而他人根本没有理睬您的要求,这时您有以下两种选择:放弃争论,听之任之;再次提出这一要求,这次需要加强一定的分量。 一提起英国教育呈现在人们面前的往往是一幅“公学”的画面,特别是一些著名的教育机构 伊顿、牛津、剑桥等;但是人们往往不了解这些机构 在英国整个教育体系中所占的位置。实际上,公学仅仅是英国整个中学教育体系中的一小部分;在英国仅有1 40 的男孩能进入公学读书,而 1 500 个中只有 1 个能上伊顿公学。伊顿是所公学,也是最著名的公学 , 尽管名字叫公学,其实并不是真正意义上的公立学校,而是所独立的私立中学。它只招收 13-18 岁的男孩。实际上,公学仅仅是英国整个中学教育体系中的一小部分;在英国仅有 1 40 的男孩能进入公学读书,而 1 500 个中只有 1 个能上伊顿公学。 完型 109 There are many ways of attaining education at all levels Many high schools, colieges, community or district adult schools as well as business and industrial institutions offer noncredit(无学分的 )daytime or evening classes in dozens of fields and skills It is reported that about 1 3 million Americans participate in different forms of adult education through schools, job training, or correspondence courses.About one in four American adults participate in an organized learning group each vear。 In recent years, there has been a trend to bring in older students for post secondary education degree As has been mentioned, the communitv college has made it possible for all sections of the population to have higher education Other colleges and universities, both public and private also offer what is now called“ continuing education” programs or“ lifelong education” programs of associate degrees?graduate studies or professional development Under such a system, a worker may contmue his study even on a part time basis, and a retired person may return college at an advanced age 有许多接受不同层次教育的方式。许多高中、大学、社区或区域成人学校以及工商业学术机构都提供许多领域和技能的无学分日班或夜班。据报道,美国大约有 1300万人通过学校、职业培训或函授课程来参与不同形式的成人教育。大约四分之一的美国成人每年都要参加有组织的学习团体。近几年来,有一种趋势是让年龄大一点的学生获得中等教育学位。正如前面所提到的,社区大学可以使任何年龄段的人拥有接受高等教育的机会。其他学院和大学,包括公立和私立的,都提供“继续教育”或“终身教育”,用来获得副学位、毕业教育或职业进修。在这样的 教育体系下,工人可以进行业余教育,上了年纪的退休的人也可以进入大学学习。 7 我的老师 -安 . 曼斯菲尔德 ?萨莉文小姐来到我家的那一天,是我一生中最重要的日子每当我回想起正是那一天连接了我生活的两个完全不同的阶段时,心中就感慨万端那是 1887 年 3 月 5 日,再过三个月,我就满七周岁了在那个激动人心的下午,我从妈妈的活动和家里人们的忙乱中猜到要有什么不平常的事情发生。我走到门口,在台阶上等着。 老师给我拿来帽子,我知道要出去沐浴和煦的阳光了我们顺着小路向井房走去有人正在打水,老师把我的手放到出水口上当清凉的水流过我的 一只手时,她在另一只手上写出了 水 这个单词,先是慢慢的,然后逐渐加快我一动不动地站着,全神贯注地感觉她手指的动作突然,我好像记起了某些我已经忘掉的东西,觉得一种过去的印象又回到了头脑中。从此,语言对我不再神秘我明白了 水 就是那股清凉的、奇妙的、从我手上流过的东西这个活生生的词唤醒了我的灵魂,打开了我智慧的窗户我离开井房,急切地想学更多的东西,任何事物都有自己的名称,每个名称都给我带来了一个新的概念回家的路上,我触摸到的一切都充满了生命的活力这是因为我以一种陌生的新眼光来看待一切走进家门,我想起了摔碎的洋 娃娃摸索着向那堆碎片走去,想把它们弄在一起,没有成功这时,我眼里侵满了泪水,因为我意识到我做错了事情,而且,第一次觉得后悔。 富兰克林擅长实践,一旦发现问题就立即着手解决费城的房子都是木制的结构,很容易着火。一发生火灾,即使邻里之间都来帮忙救火,也作用不大因此,富兰克林就组建了一个消防公司这大大降低了费城的火灾损失,这使美国第一家火灾保险公司得以很快成立了富兰克林担任了其中一个部门的经理他还说服市政府为城市铺设道路并安装路灯此外,富兰克林活跃的思想甚至使他还考虑如何解决人们冬天房间取暖困难这一问题他判断出问 题出在大壁炉这儿因为壁炉深深地砌在墙里,热量不能充分散发到房间里于是他就画了一张设计图,并雇铁匠按图纸铸造了一个大肚子的炉子 -被称为富兰克林炉子把炉子放到房间中央,这样热量就能向各个方向散发了。 一个人想读书,必须有求知欲少数儿童不论他们国家的教育制度如何,始终能够保持这种求知欲和思想上独立性,但多数儿童却做不到这一点 , 这要么是由于教育制度过于严格,把死记硬背看作天下第一号大事;要么是由于教育制度松散、使人怠惰,在“自由表达”的神圣旗帜下,甚至连读书写字这样的基本要求也被忽视。堪称奇迹的是,至少有少数儿 童竟然没有被这种学校教育所糟蹋,而是脱颖而出,成为善于思考、思路开阔、博学多闻的人因此,不利于培养阅读习惯的环境是各种各样的我们对此还可加一条,那就是遍及全世界的暴力行为和无政府状态 我们现在就生活在其中的新黑暗时代。我们很多人再也没有静下来读上一小时书必需的那种心情了 But it is precisely(adv.精确地 ) 然而正是由于当前存在的各种问题,我们更应该读书。 s ?否则,我们怎能理解什么是仇恨、什么是残酷、什么是强权政治呢 ?我们怎能在个人自由和权威这类严肃的问题上表明我们的立场呢 ?我们怎能 理解而且可能解决我们所面临的迫在眉睫的许多问题呢 ? 最初的印刷工人所使用的工具很简单,搬动起来也很容易 15 世纪末,欧洲印刷工人有一千多人由于很多人不懂希腊文和拉丁文,不久印刷书籍就包括了各种语言印书者开始把书印得小些,以便携带起来更容易此外,而且他们开始把书印得更精致了,在每一章之前增添插图和装饰性字母印刷字母逐渐做得更小、更细、更精致印刷字母开始看起来和手写字母不同了。字母的形式终于大 8 为简化,完全适合铅字的要求书籍的插图有时是木刻的在雕刻标志木头时,图画的白色部分是凹陷的在木头的凸出表面涂上墨水,并印在纸 上,图画的黑色部分就复印出来当然,起初的试作是相当粗糙的,但渐渐地木刻印刷工人刻的插图,就变得既细腻又有艺术性了意大利的佛罗伦斯,德国的里昂,都以出版插图书籍而驰名。 董医生的美国之行仅仅 3 周的时间,但未等 5 天的医学会议结束,他已经开始感到比较自信了。当然他感到自己所犯的一些错误有点儿愚蠢但他很快就学会调侃自己的过错,并发现他的同事也在向他微笑这些消除了交流的障碍,帮助他建立了一些良好的业务关系会议结束后,他同我提到的那一家人取得联系,并愉快地拜访了他们在此过程中他又经历了一些新的文化惊奇,但他发现他能够更 好地了解并适应他们。 完型: Any living language is in a constant state of change At any particular moment, it is almost hard to notice like most of the changes that affect your own body You dont notice them, but youre lucky if it feels as good and serves you as well as ten years ago In that period of time it has changed It is the same with Language . The most common and the most noticeable 可觉察的 kind of change is what happens to vocabulary New words appear; old words take on new meanings . 。 Even the native speaker might feel surprised. Mouse began to mean a small, hand-held device which can be used to give instructions to a computer to which it is connected by a short cable(电缆 ) To describe a person as green is a way of saying that he is naive(缺少经验的 ) or inexperienced Now the word indicates a whole philosophy of life or a political opinion, and we have greenism (绿色主义 )which is supported by greenists In their shopping they will look for products which carry green labeling(绿色标志 )which indicates that they have been made in a way which is not harmful to the environment .Such products are eco-friendly(有利于生态环境的 )and they are preferred by those who are eco- conscious.That change is gradual(逐渐的) and continuous(连续的 ) 。任何 一种活生生的语言都是处于不停的变化之中的。该变化是逐渐并且连续不断的。就像影响你身体的大部分变化一样,这种变化在某一特定时刻是很难察觉 的。身体的这些变化不容易觉察,但是如果你的身体如十年前一样好的话,你是非常幸运的。但是在这十年间,你的身体已经发生了变化。语言的变化也是这样的。语言的变化中,最常见、最容易察觉的是词汇的变化。新词出现,老词增加新义即使是母语者对这些变化也会感到吃惊的。 Mouse 一词开始表示一种小型的手动装置,这种装置通过一根短短的导线连到计算机上,可以向计算机发指令。可以用来描述一个人缺少经验。目前这个词表示一整套生活哲学和政治观点 , 我们现在有绿色主义这种提法,绿色主义者支持这种提法。购物时,他们寻找带有绿色标志的产品。 绿色标志代表该产品的生产过程对环境是无害的这种商品是无害于生态环境的,有生态意识的人偏爱这种产品。 外语教师对儿童如何学说母语感兴趣,有其很重要的原因。他们如果知道儿童如何学习母语,就可能找到一种简便的方法教儿童和成年人学习第二语言。有些外语教师认为成年人学习第二语言的过程和儿童学习母语的过程是相同的。这部分外语教师模仿儿 9 童学习语言的过程组织教学:课堂上只讲外语,不与学生讲母语。他们使学生尽可能多地接触所学外语的口语形式,不教学生语言使用的规则。外语教师采用这种口语教法是因为大多数父母在教孩子说话的时候也不 教孩子语言使用规则,而只是告诉孩子怎样讲话是正确的。对一些学生来说,这种方法是成功的,他们能够轻而易举地、很快地学会所学的语言。他们似乎很喜欢去用所学的语言,并不很在意是否使用了正确的语言规则。另外一些学生则不适合这种方法,语言学家着手寻找一种适合他们的教学方法。 第一课: 1、就如澳大利亚在全国推广学亚洲语言一样,中国也掀起一股外语热,在这股热潮中英语高居榜首。 Like the national push for Asian literacy in Australia, there has been foreign languages fervor in china, with English on top of the list. 2、英语真的有这么难,需要人们投入大量的时间和精力才能掌握吗? Is English such a difficult language that it really demands people to invest a large amount of time and energy before it is mastered? 3、从我个人的经验来看,英语学习不仅仅是指学习 英语发音和语法规则等。 From my personal experience, I think learning English means far more than learning its pronunciation, grammatical rules, etc. 5、社会风俗习惯增加了学习外语的难度。 Social customs and habits contribute to the difficulty in learning a foreign language 10、英语学习中,东西方 价值观念是冲突的 The Western and Oriental values are found to be in confrontation(冲突) in learning English. 11、在涉及表亲的时候,英语母语的人更容易混淆性别。 Native English speakers are more gender(性别) blind (判断)when they mention their cousins. 12、中国人在英语学习中,只有克服文化障碍,才能很好地掌握英语。 A Chinese English learner could not have a good command of English unless he overcomes the cultural barriers(障碍物) in learning English. 第二单元 1、这是我来美国后第一次回家探亲 It was the first time I d gone back home since coming to the United States.。 2、你对那些只与男人有关的事情发表意见。 You speak on matters that are of concern(涉及) only to men. 3、在过去的六年和美国人的交往中,我逐渐学会了他们的一些做法。 Through my association(交往) with Americans during the past six years, I had gradually (逐渐地) adopted(采用) some of their ways. 4、我不再属于旧世界,但还未被新世界接纳。 I no longer belong to the old world and the new world has not yet accepted me. 10 5、 .我不再将香港视做我的故乡,感到无家可归。 I no longer consider Hong Kong my home and feel homeless 6、香港发生了巨大的变化,有些地方都认不出来了。 Things had changed so much in Hong Kong that I didn t recognize parts of it. 7 我提前三周结束了这次访问,回到美国。、 I cut my visit short by three weeks and came back to the United States. 8、对我渐渐地疏远起来,不像开始时那麽友好。 They gradually(逐渐地) became less warm and friendly toward me. 他们 9、 .我母亲特意为我准备了一顿饭。 My mother prepared a special dinner in my honor 10、在讨论中,他们不会做一个沉默的旁观者。 They don t take a silent(沉默的) back seat during a discussion. 11、Coming back here didn t lessen(减少) my confusion(混乱) and pain.回来之后我的困惑和苦恼并没有减轻。 12、我曾经住的那条街上的房子被拆掉了,代之而起的是办公大楼。 The houses on the street where I used to live had been torn down(拆卸) and replaced by office buildings. 第三课 1、不要在朋友困难的时候抛弃他。 Never desert(放弃) him when your friend is in the trouble. 2、发展国民经济是政府的一贯政策。 To improve national economy(经济 ) is the government s consistent(一贯地) policy. 3、中国在这问题上标明了立场。 China took a stand on these issues. 4、不理睬他们的建议是不对的。 It is wrong to ignore(不理睬) their suggestions. 5、我总是先开始工作,而不愿把事情留到最后才做 I always prefer(更喜欢) starting early, rather than leaving everything to the last minute.。 6、 .请务必在我外出的时候照顾好我的孩子。 Please see (to it) that my children are taken good care of when I am away 7、一个词准确的意思只能在上下 文中来确定。 The precise(准确的) meaning of one word can only be defined(定义) from the context(上下文) . 8、警察的教育使这个罪犯走上了正路。 The instruction(教育) of the policeman set the convict(罪犯) on the right path(小路) . 9、当前,有许多人打着科学的旗号干一些违法的事情 Nowadays, many people commit(干坏事) illegal(违法的) acts in the name of science.。 10、这种车票(仅在发售当天)有效。 These tickets are available(有用的) on (the) day of issue only. 11、 You dont have any authority(权力) for entering this house, It s private(私有的) . 你们没有任何权力进入这所房子,这 11 是私宅。 12、我希望你对我的建议作出肯定的表示。 I hope you will give favorable(赞成的) consideration(考虑) to my suggestion. 13、我们很多人再也没有静下来读上一小时书所必需的那种心情了。 Many of us no longer have the peace of mind necessary to a quiet hour with a book 14、手不释卷是(活在世上)真正的人。 A person with a book is a real person alive on the earth。 第四课 1、在你怒火爆 发之前,深吸一口气,记住:怒气伤身。 Before you lose your temper(脾气) , take a deep breath and remember this: Anger hurts. 2、释放或抑制怒气,其后果没什麽两样,两者对你的健康造成的影响是一样的。 It doesn t matter whether you release(释放) the anger or hold it in. The effects(对有影响) on your health are the same. 3、一个粗鲁的司机抢了你的道并扬长而去 -要尽量当场就控制住你的怒火。 A rude driver who just cut you off has left the scene-work to put your anger on hold right then and there. 5、许多发火的人都不承认他们在生气。 Many people who are angry don t recognize(承认) themselves as angry. 6、乐观的消息是,怒气是有办法来控制的。 The good news is that it is possible to control your anger. 7、你越能接受他们,也就越不会动不动发脾气 The better able you are to accept them, the less angry you ll be. 8、你知道食品杂货店到周末往往挤满了人,那就索性平时下班后去购物。 As you know that the grocery(食品杂货店) store is crowded on weekends, you can shop after work. 9、你可以问自己如下几个问题来判断发怒的程度。 You can ask yourself the following questions to measure(测量) your anger quotient(份额) . 10、有个推着满满一车货的顾客正好插在你前头。 A customer wheeling a full cart cuts ahead of you. 11、当你觉得怒火中烧快要爆发了,采取“改变它”或是“接受它”的策略。 When you feel anger welling up, take a change-it or accept-it approach(方法) . 12、如果你对一次已经过去很久的小挫折依然耿耿于怀,是时候释怀了。 If you still remember a minor infraction(侵害) long after it happened, it s time to let go. 第五课 2、我的老师安。曼斯费尔德。萨莉文小姐来到我家的那一天,是我一生中最重要的日子。 The most important day I remember in all my life is the one on which my teacher, Anne Mansfield Sullivan, came to me. 12 4、我感到有人朝我走来,以为是妈妈,就伸出了手。 I felt approaching(接近) footsteps. I thought it was my mother and stretched out my hand. 5、有个人握住它,把我拉了过去,紧紧地抱在怀里。这个抱我的人,就是那个将为我揭开生活的帷幕,而且也将把她满腔的爱倾注给我的的人。 Someone took it, and then I was caught up(吸住) and held close (包围) in the arms of the person who had come to reveal(揭示) all things to me, and, more important than that, to love me. 9、在这个黑暗、寂静的世界中,我对任何东西都没有太深的感情。 In the dark, still(寂静) world, I had no strong sentiment (感情) for anything. 11、我一动不动地站着,全神贯注地感觉她手指的动作。 I stood still; my whole attention was fixed upon the movements(动作) of her finger. 12、回家的路上,我触摸到的一切都充满了生命的活力。 On my way home, every object(物体) which I touched seemed to be full of life. 15、有生以来,我第一次向往新的黎明的到来。 For the first time I longed(渴望) for a new day to come. 第六课 1、除了很少的几句外,我对法语一无所知。 Apart(除之外) from a few words, I do not know any French at all. 3、我们应该把注意力集中在提高学生的英语水平上。 We should concentrate(集中) our attention on improving the students English level. 5、所有的饮料都是免费 的。 All the drinks are free of charge. 10、他把他的成功归于他以前所受的良好教育。 He referred(归诸于) his success to the good education he had had. 11、在当前强烈竞争的社会,我们应该具有全面的能力。 In a highly competitive(竞争的) society, we should have overall abilities. 12、电影票价为五美元。 The admission(允许进入) to the movie was five dollars. 第七课 1、直到公元四世纪,罗马的教会才开始庆祝圣诞。 It was not until the 4th century that the church in Rome began to celebrate Christmas.考过了 2、冬天是个让人害怕的时节,天变短了,变冷了,太阳好像有全面消失的危险。 The approach(接近) of the winter time, as the days grew shorter and colder and the sun seemed to threaten(可能来临) to disappear(消失) entirely(完全 13 地) , was a time of fear(害怕、恐怖) . 3、白天最短也意味着冬天即将离去,春天要来了,温暖的阳光,田野里植物返青也不远了。 The shortest day also meant that winter was leaving and that ahead(向前) were spring, the warmth of the sun and return of vegetation(植物生长) to the fields. 5、他们用一串串的彩灯装饰圣诞树。 They trim(装饰) their Christmas trees with strings(一串) of colored lights. 6、他们把白纸片撒在树上和周围,用白纸包住圣诞树的底部,仿佛树上白雪皑皑。 They throw little pieces of white paper over the trees and put white paper or a white sheet(床单) around the feet of the trees, so that they seem to be covered with snow. 7、小伙子们把亲吻有意无意地站在树下的漂亮姑娘看作他们的特权。 The youths regard(把认作) it as their privilege(特权) to kiss any pretty young girl who wittingly(有意地) or unwittingly stands under it. 8、在树下亲吻这一风俗源于十七世纪的英国。 Kissing under the tree originated(起源) in Britain in the early 17 th century. 10、小孩在圣诞夜把长统袜挂在床边,他们相信睡着的时候,圣诞老人就会来看他们。 Little children hang up their stockings on Christmas Eve near their beds, and they believe that when they are asleep, Santa Claus will come to visit them. 12、许多城镇都在公园内树起很大的圣诞树。 Many towns have very large Christmas trees set up outdoors in the parks. 14、普通群众创造了关于圣诞老人的各种传说,以表达对孩子深深的爱意。 The common people have created(创造) legends(传说) of Santa Claus as a symbol(象征) of their deep love for the children. 第八课 1、你务必于下午两点半来参加会议 Be sure to attend the meeting at half past two in the afternoon. (2006-4考过了 ) 4、如果你处在他的位置上,你就会同情他了。 If you put yourself into his shoes, you will be sympathetic( 同情 ) with him. 5、老人已经九十岁了,手术后能活下来真是幸运。 The old man was 90 years old and lucky to come through his operation(手术) . 6、当别人讲话时,不要插嘴。 Please don t cut in when someone is speaking. 7、只要你找出你的弱点,并加以克服,你一定会成为一名优秀生。 As long as you find out your shortcoming and overcome it, you are sure to become one excellent (极好的) student. 14 8、上课集中注意力听 老师讲解意味着课后少花力气。 Listening to the teacher carefully in class means little work after class. 9、在重要的场合,要穿着得体大方。 When you are in important occasion(场合) , you must wear in good taste(味道) . 11、这些数学题我解答不了。 These mathematics questions are over my head. 12、如果你想解决这个问题,你最好 先找出基本的矛盾。 If you want to solve the problem, you had better find out the principal contradiction. 第九课 1、这些规章仍然有效。 These regulations continue in effect(作用) . 2、政府应该在洪水过后为老百姓提供足够的资金用来重建。 After the flood(洪水) , the government should put up enough funds for the masses to rebuild their hometown. 3、去年我们获得了棉花丰收。 Last year we brought in a good cotton harvest. 4、理论的基础是实践,又转过来为实践服务。 Theory is based on practice and in turn serves practice. 5、这次会谈以双方达成一致协议结束。 The negotiation ended up with signing the agreement. ( 我记单词闷了就找点乐子,记得还 很深!会谈 negotiation 这个单词的谐音是:“你狗屎一身”,是不是很好记?把它想成你与随便一个讨厌的人会谈好了;还有 starvation,可以想成星星 (star) 为什么饿死? )不就是“饥饿”了吗? ) 6、不要在上班时间来访。 Dont call in anybody on work. 7、新来的秘书是个敏捷的、效率高的工作人员,老板对她很满意。 The new secretary is a quick, efficient worker, and the boss is quite satisfied with her. 8、你不需要下雨时外出,因为商店可以免费送货上门。 You don t have to go out into the rain since the store delivers(递送) free of charge. 9、苍蝇在窗帘上跳来跳去,弄上了许多污点。 The flies tapped and blurred(弄脏) at the window curtain(门帘) . 10、你能从它的上下文说出这个词的意思吗? Can you tell the meaning of this word from its context? 11、真正的权力属于人民。 The real power resides in the people. 12、科幻小说不能简单地看成是供消遣的,而实际上它给读者展示更深刻的内容。 A science(科幻) fiction(小说) cannot be regarded as a more entertainment(娱乐) , but in fact it tells the reader much more. 第十课 2、在中国,几乎所有年轻的母亲都有职业,但随 着步入中年,人数越来越少。 In china, nearly all young mothers are employed 15 outside the home, with their numbers decreasing as they approach(接近) middle age. 3、以后,孩子长大了。老两口靠丈夫的收入加上妻子的养老金,生活就不太困难了。 Later on, when the children grow up, the older couple(夫妇) can more easily live on the husband s earnings plus(加上) the wife s pension(养老金) . 6、生活费用的增加需要更多的美国年轻妇女帮助养家。 The rising costs of living require more young American women to help support(支撑、帮助) their families. 7、要是送孩子上幼儿园和自己上下班的汽车坏了怎麽办? What if the car, necessary to get the child to the daycare center and herself to and from her job, breaks down? 8、在中国,年轻的母亲工作,祖母在照看孩子和料理家务上起了不可估量的作用。 In China, grandmothers play an invaluable role in taking care of children and households while the young parents are at work. 9、奶奶成了家庭中的重要成员,供吃管住是对他们 的报答。 Grannies become important members of the family, and they are housed and fed return. 10、在美国,必须这样做的老年妇女可能有被当作佣人使的感觉。 In America, an older woman who had to fill this role would be likely to feel she was being made a kind of servant. 13、同中国妇女相比,美国妇女似乎不愿 向上司大胆表述自己的意见。 Compared with Chinese women, American women seem less inclined(倾向) to speak up easily to the boss. ( 2006-4 考过了) 第十一课 1、一名有自己风格的演员不应该效仿别人。 As an actor with one s own unique(独特的) style(风格) , one should not follow in other s footsteps. 2、没有什麽 东西能确保永久的幸福。 Nothing can assure(保证) permanent(永久的) happiness. 3、我父亲坚持认为我应该嫁给一个有名的艺术家。 My father insisted that I should marry into a famous artist. 4、据说,后
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