学术英语读写教程(上)Teachers-Book.doc

Section One Reading and Writing Narrative StoriesUnit 1 Love StoriesText A Appointment with LoveLanguage Points1. Six minutes to six, said the great round clock over the information booth in Grand Central Station. (Para. 1)Meaning: The great round clock over the information booth in Grand Central Station indicated that it was six minutes to six. said: to give particular information or instructionsExample: The notice said “keep out”.2. his eyes narrowed to note the exact time. (Para.1)Meaning: He narrowed his eyes, in order to take a closer look at the exact time.note: to notice or pay careful attention to something Example: Please note that the office will be closed on Sunday.3. sustained him unfailingly (Para.1)Meaning: (The womans written words) always supported him. 4. He placed himself as close as he could to the information booth, just beyond the ring of people besieging the clerks. (Para.2)Meaning: He tried his best to get closer to the information booth, just at the edge of a circle of people surrounding the clerks. 5. His face grew sharp. (Para.5)Meaning: His face gradually showed a sign of nervousness and vigilance. 6. He had got hold of a New York City telephone book and found her address. (Para.7)Meaning: He had found a New York City telephone book and got her address on it. get hold of something: to find something that you want or needExample: It is almost impossible to get hold of tickets for the concert. 7. Next day he had been shipped out, but they had gone on writing. (Para.7)Meaning: Next day he had left the country by boat, but they had continued to write to each other. ship out: to leave a country by boatExample: He told Linda he was shipping out in two days.8. Id always be haunted by the feeling that you had been taking a chance on just that, (Para.9)Meaning: The thought that you had decided to write to me only because I was beautiful would continuously bother me. take a chance (on something): to gamble that something good might happen or that someone might do well; to take a risk that something would go wrong or that someone would do badlyExample: They took a chance on the weather and planned to have the party outside.9. he pulled hard on a cigarette. (Para. 10)Meaning: he sucked hard on a cigarette.pull on a cigarette: to suck on or draw on a cigaretteExample: He pulled on his cigarette and waited for the train.10. He squared his broad shoulders (Para. 20)Meaning: He made his broad shoulders straightsquare ones shoulders: if you square your shoulders or square yourself, you make your back and shoulders straight to show you are ready or determined to do somethingExample: Rosemary squared herself to face the waiting journalists. 11. Ive got two boys with Uncle Sam myself, so I didnt mind to oblige you. (Para.22)Meaning: I myself have got two boys who also served in the U.S. army, so I didnt mind to help you. Cultural Notes1. ZeroZero was a model of Japanese fighter plane in WWII.2. King DavidDavid (C.1040-970 BCE) was the second king of the United Kingdom of Israel, an important figure in Jewish, Islamic, and Christian doctrine and culture. He is regarded as a righteous king, a highly acclaimed warrior, a musician, and a psalmist. In Islamic culture, David is considered to be a prophet and the king of a nation. In Christian culture, he is believed to be an ancestor of Jesus. David traditionally takes the credit for writing many psalms of the Bible, which can be found in The Book of Psalms. 3. Psalm 23rdIn this psalm, David praises God as His Shepherd. The text is beloved by both Jews and Christians. The psalm has always been a popular passage for memorization. Since the 20th century, Psalm 23rd has even become a passage being often recited at the funeral in the English-speaking world. It has been widely used following high-profile tragic events such as 9/11 Address to the Nation and Whitney Houstons funeral. The English version of Psalm 23rd is as follows:A Psalm of DavidThe Lord is my shepherd; I shall not want. He makes me lie down in green pastures: He leads me beside the still waters. He restores my soul: He leads me in the paths of righteousness for his names sake. Though I walk through the valley of the shadow of Death, I will fear no evil: for you are with me; your rod and your staff they comfort me. You prepare a table before me in the presence of my enemies: You anoint my head with oil; my cup overflows. Surely goodness and mercy shall follow me all the days of my life: and I will dwell in the house of the Lord forever.4. Of Human Bondage Of Human Bondage is one of the greatest novels of the twentieth century written by W. Somerset Maugham, the writer who also wrote The Moon and Sixpence and The Razors Edge. Of Human Bondage tells a story of sexual obsession of Philip Carey, who seeks for freedom from the oppressive Christian upbringing. Theodore Dreiser spoke very highly of this novel and called it “a work of genius”. Keys to ExercisesPost-Reading ExercisesI. Reading Comprehension1-5 CCABDII. Micro-writing Skills1. Vocabulary Building1) confessed 2) Besieged 3) beyond 4) provocation 5) narrow6) sharp 7) rings 8) noted 9) obliged 10) Square2. Structure Cumulating1) half of the estimated time2) head of our department 3) a former imperial palace in Beijing4) Tolstoy5) girls6) land, funds and technology7) the capital of France8) courtesy, hospitality and respect for elders3. Cloze Testing1) job 2) ever 3) while 4) shoes 5) she 6) no 7) would 8) having 9) was 10) driving 4. Functional Training 1) the girl: wearing a red flower in her suit lapel, but it was a crimson sweet pea, not the little red rose they had agreed upon. too young, about 18.Hollis Meynell: A young woman Her figure was long and slim; her blond hair lay back in curls from her delicate ears. Her eyes were blue as flowers,her lips and chin had a gentle firmness. In her pale green suit, she was like springtime come alive. a small, provocative smile curved her lips.the-middle-age woman: a woman well past 40, her graying hair tucked under a worn hat. more than plump; her thick-ankled feet were thrust into low-heeled shoes. wore a red rose in the rumpled lapel of her brown coat.2) the waiting line: six minutes to six four minutes to six one minute to sixthe recalling line:a few days before one night of the NOW inthis fight worst of fighting Grand Central Stationthe time he got the bookText B The Date Father Didnt KeepLanguage Points1. Thank heaven she didnt recognize me. (Para.10)Meaning: I am so glad that she didnt recognize me. Similar expressions: thank goodness/ thank God Example: Thank goodness for that! my mother said with a sigh of relief.2. I fell madly in love with her, and she with me. (Para.10)Meaning: I was passionately in love with her, and she returned my love in the same way.3. If she had married me, she wouldnt have had any prospects. (Para.14)Meaning: If she had married me at that time, she would have had a bleak future. 4. When I wrote to my father that I wanted to get married he cut off my allowance. (Para.14) Meaning: When I wrote a letter to inform my father that I wanted to get married, he stopped giving me money. 5. that her father might stop and seize our letter, (Para.15)Meaning: that her father might build a barrier to our communication, 6. I was doubly lucky (Para. 28)Meaning: I was exceedingly luckydoubly: more than usualExample: doubly difficult/ hard/ importantKey to ExercisesI. Reading Comprehension1-5 ACBCDII. Micro-writing Skills1. Translation PracticeEnglish to Chinese1) 故事发生在一个彩色装潢的丹麦小酒馆，这种酒馆只对游客开放，那儿的人都讲英语。(division)2) 于是我回到家，借到了钱，便写信把日期告诉她了。(conversion)3) 事情能这样发展真的很幸运。不然，你也就不会遇到妈妈了。(supplement)Chinese to English1) I fell madly in love with her, and she with me. (omission to avoid repetition)2) But I met the girl once more, and told her I would return to America, borrow enough money to get married on, and come back for her in a few months. (inversion)3) I was doubly lucky, young fellow, for otherwise I wouldnt have met you, either. (conversion)Explanation:Diction: choosing a proper word to convey the exact meaning. Omission: omitting “the recurring object” to avoid repetition or unnecessary involved expressions.Conversion: changing the part of speech according to the manner of the target language so that the idiomatic usage is achieved. Inversion: changing the order of words and arranging them in a natural order of the target language. Affirmation to negation / negation to affirmation: using words with negative / affirmative implications to express affirmative / negative meanings. Subordination: arranging essential information in the main clause and the non-essential information in the subordinate clause in accordance with the idiomaticity of target language. Division: dividing a long sentence into several short parts, usually employed in translation from English to Chinese.Integration: clustering several short sentences into a long one, usually employed in translation from Chinese to English. Unit 2 Christmas StoriesText A Angel on a DoorstepLanguage Points1. It took slow, careful questioning to extract the story from him. (Para.3)Meaning: It was a time-consuming and meticulous task for the narrator to make an inquiry into what had happened to him. extract: to obtain information or money, etc. by taking it from somebody who is disinclined to offer it. 2. with six children and another on the way. (Para. 4)Note: In the text, on the way indicates that the woman is expecting her seventh baby.3. I repeated my condolences and let the matter rest. (Para.6)Meaning: I continually offered my sympathy on Bens loss and tried to let his passion subside. 4. Worried that this incident would sour a warm person, I mulled over what to do. (Para. 6)Meaning: I was anxious that the unpleasant experience would devour Bens kindness and I pondered on some solutions to help him.5. I let the subject drop. (Para. 13)Meaning: I stopped further discussion of my solution to his problem. 6. it seemed he lightened up a bit more. (Para.16)Meaning: the dark cloud of his loss on his face seemed to disappear gradually.light up: if somebodys face or eyes light up, they probably express happiness or excitement.7. shed forgotten to leave a forwarding address. (Para.24)Meaning: she had forgotten to write (jot) down a new address for Ben to find her.8. and I didnt have the foggiest idea what I was crying about. (Para.29)Meaning: I did not know exactly what I was crying about.foggy: not clear9. I was really glad you talked me into this. (Para. 29)Meaning: I was really glad you let me believe this. 10. “Heck no,” (Para.31)Note: “Heck” is an exclamatory word used to express that you are slightly annoyed or surprised by something. Here Ben used this exclamatory word to show that he was extremely annoyed by the narrators inquiry. Cultural Notes1. I was a stranger and you took me in (Para. 11). This sentence originates from Matthew, the first book in the New Testament of the Bible. Jesus tells people that when the Son of Man sits on his throne in heavenly glory, he will separate people who are blessed by his Father on the right and those who are cursed by his Father on the left. The Son of Man explains to the righteous, who stand on the right, why they have been blessed by his Father that, “For I was hungry and you gave me something to eat, I was a stranger and you invited me in, I needed clothes and you clothed me, I was sick and you looked after me, I was in prison and you came to visit me.” The righteous, who will go to eternal life, cannot remember when they did such good deeds to the Son of Man and ask him about it. The Latter replies that, “whatever you did for one of the least of these brothers of mine, you did for me.” 2. The Angel Gabriel (para.27)Gabriel is an archangel who appears in both the Old Testament and in the New as a messenger to humans from God. In Luke, the third Gospel of the New Testament, Gabriel appeared to both Zechariah, the priest, and Virgin Mary and foretold them respectively that John the Baptist and Jesus would be born. The archangels mission may be well justified by his own words in the New Testament that, “I am Gabriel. I stand in the presence of God, and I have been sent to speak to you and to tell you this good news.”Keys to ExercisesPost-Reading ExercisesI. Reading Comprehension1-5 CCADBII. Micro-writing Skills1. Vocabulary Building1) walk 2) dropped 3) extract 4) soured 5) gloomy6) indignant 7) longing 8) bristled 9) sympathize 10) rejoiced2. Sentence Cumulating One day, while out hunting with his master, he encountered a wild boar and boldly seized the beast by the ear, but his teeth gave way, and the boar escaped. His master rushed to the scene and began giving the hound a good scolding and sound beating, but stopped when the feeble dog looked up and said, “Spare your old servant, dear master!3. Close Testing1) when 2) then/once 3) had 4) same 5) them 6) whose 7) wrote 8) later 9) stood 10) either 4. Functional Training1) unhappy mood:wasnt his usual sunny self seemed in no mood for talkingwas gloomy was distraught at his stupidity for allowing this bill to grow so large.his anger seemed worseHe bristled as he talked abouthe replied indignantlyhappy mood:Bens jovial conversationlightened uparrived with a tremendous smile and a glint in his eyesgrinning2) Adverbial clauses:When Ben delivered milk to my cousins home that morning, (he wasnt his usual sunny self.) (He bristled) as he talked about the messy young ones who had drunk up all his milk. But when Ben left, (I found myself caught up in his problem and longed to help.) “When someone has taken from you, (give it to them, and then you can never be robbed.”)(Wed joke about it) when hed come. Before I knew what was happening, I started to cry, and I didnt have the foggiest idea what I was crying about.Coordinate clauses: It was late November 1962, and (as a newcomer to Lawndale, Calif, I was delighted that milkmen still brought bottles of milk to doorsteps.)Prepositional phrases: In the weeks that my husband, kids and I had been staying with my cousin while house-hunting, (I had come to enjoy Bens jovial repartee.)On a sunny January morning two weeks later, Ben almost ran up the walk. Noun phrases:Today, (however, he was gloomy as he dropped off his wares from his wire carrier.) The next time I saw him, (his anger seemed worse.) The next time Ben delivered milk, (I told him I had a way to make him feel better about the $79.)Every time Id ask the question, (it seemed he lightened up a bit more.)Then, six days before Christmas, (it happened.)Text B A Doll from SantaLanguage Points1. they were no replacement for a mothers love. (Para.1)Meaning: they could not fill the space left by Alices mothers death. 2. In the aftermath of her loss, Alice vowed to care for others. (Para.3)Meaning: As a consequence of her loss, Alice promised to care for others.3. but an unfilled void seemed to remain. (Para.3)Meaning: but the loss of maternal love seemed to exist. void: a large empty spaceExample: Below her was nothing but a black void. 4. One of my customers approached me with a sample of her handiwork (Para.4)Meaning: One of my customers spoke to me with a specimen of her handiwork, hoping that I could take orders for Christmas. 3) approach: to speak to somebody about something, especially to ask them for something or to offer to do something 5. one with gray hair and spectacles (Para.4)Meaning: one with gray hair and a pair of glasses6. So I placed my Christmas order: two dolls (Para.5)Meaning: So I made a request to buy (purchase) two dolls for Christmas7. Things really started to fall into place (Para.6)Meaning: Things really started to become smootherfall into place/ slot into place: if something complicated or difficult to understand falls or slots into place, it becomes organized or clear in your mind.8. I began to get ready for what would turn out to be one of the most memorable days of my mothers life. (Para.6)Meaning: I began to make preparations for what would become one of the most unforgettable days of my mothers life. 9. along with one for my mother tucked into the bottom of Santas bag. (Para.7)Meaning: along with the doll for my mother hidden in the bottom of Santas bag.tuck: to put something into a small space, especially to hide it or keep it safe or comfortableExample: The documents had been tucked under a pile of papers. 10. As he asked who Alice was, my mother, taken aback by her name being called, indicated that she in fact was Alice. (Para.8)Meaning: As he asked who Alice was, my mother, surprised by her name being called, answered that she was Alice herself. be taken aback (by somebody/ something): to be shocked or surprised by somebody or somethingExample: Rosemary was completely taken aback by his anger. 11. I was cleaning out my sleigh before my trip this year and came across this package that was supposed to be delivered on December 25, 1925. (Para.9)Meaning: I was cleaning the inside of my sleigh before my trip this year and accidentally found this package that was supposed to be sent on December 25, 1