2019届高考英语一轮复习分块专项练习14阅读理解词义猜测二.docx

阅读理解：词义猜测（二）A(2018太原一模)Recently I and other Red Cross volunteers met a group of victims from Hurricane Katrina. We were there, as mental health professionals, to offer “psychological first aid” and I was struck by the simple healing power of presence. As we walked in the gate to the shelter, we were greeted with a burst of gratitude (感激) from the first person we met. I felt appreciated, but also guilty, because I hadnt really done anything yet.I first realized the power of presence many years ago when a friends mother passed away unexpectedly. I received a call saying she had just passed away. I wanted to rush down there immediately, but didnt want to intrude (打扰) on this very personal period of sadness. I was torn about what to do. Another friend with me then said, “Just go. Just be there.” I did, and I will never regret it.Since then, I have not hesitated to be in the presence of others. Once I sat at the bedside of a young man suffering from the pain of his AIDSrelated dying. He was not awake, and obviously unaware of others presence. However, the atmosphere was by no means solemn. His family, playing guitars and singing, allowed him to be present with them as though he were still fully alive.In my life, I am repeatedly struck by the healing power of presence. In it, none of us are truly alone. It not only is something we give to others but also changes me for the better.语篇解读：本文主要讲述了“我”通过一些活动意识到“到场”的重要意义。1Why were the hurricane victims grateful to the author?AHe built shelters for them.BHe gave immediate first aid to them.CHe came to stay with them.DHe brought mental health professionals.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第一段的第二句可知，因为“我”在他们受灾时和他们在一起，所以他们感激“我”，故C项正确。2What did the author do when his friends mother passed away?AHe hesitated over whether to go.BHe went to his friends at once.CHe knew what to do instantly.DHe decided not to disturb his friend.解析：选A细节理解题。根据第二段中的“I wanted to rush down there immediately .I was torn about what to do.”可知，“我”想要立即去朋友那里，但又不愿意去打扰朋友，据此可知，当朋友的母亲去世时，“我”犹豫是否要去朋友那里。3What does the underlined word “solemn” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?AHeavy but warm.BA little sad but cosy.CRelaxing and delightful.DVery serious and unhappy.解析：选D词义猜测题。根据第三段最后一句中的“His family, playing guitars and singing”可知，男青年的家人在弹奏吉他并唱歌；结合画线词所在句中的“However .no means”和第三段第二句中的“a young man suffering from the pain of his AIDSrelated dying”可以判断，在家人的陪伴下，气氛并不悲伤和严肃，据此可以判断，画线词意为“严肃的”，故D项正确。4What has the author learned from his experience?AA friend in need is a friend indeed.BBeing present can make a big difference.CThe family harmony is the happiest thing in life.DBeing a volunteer can make ones life more significant.解析：选B推理判断题。根据最后一段的前两句“In my life, I am repeatedly .are truly alone.”并结合第二段的第一句可知，从自己的经历中“我”意识到了“到场”的重要意义，故B项正确。BHave you seen Jurassic Park? In this film, scientists use DNA kept for tens of millions of years to clone dinosaurs. They find trouble, however, when they realize that the cloned creatures are smarter and more dangerous than expected. Thats nothing more than a fiction.But could we really clone endangered animals?To date, the most successful attempt to do so was the cloning of a gaur, a rare oxlike animal from southeast Asia. Scientists used a cow to bring the cloned baby gaur, named Noah. Two days after birth, however, Noah died from a common bacterial infection. Other endangered species that may be cloned include the African bongo antelope (羚羊), the Sumatran tiger, the cheetah (猎豹), and the giant panda.Next, could we really clone extinct animals?In theory? Yes. To do this, you need a wellkept source of DNA from the extinct animals such as wool mammoth (毛象), Tasmanian tiger, or even dinosaur, and a closely related species, still living, which could serve as a_surrogate_mother.In reality? Probably not. On the one hand, its not likely that extinct animals DNA could survive undamaged for such a long time. Cloning such extinct animals as wool mammoth, Tasmanian tiger, or dinosaur is much more difficult due to the lack of properly wellpreserved DNA. On the other hand, for example, a gaur can have a cow as a surrogate mother, definitely not a monkey. But what about an extinct animal as unique as the panda? What species could possibly serve as a surrogate mother?Cloning presents many exciting possibilities. However, even if extinct animals were brought back, they could not survive in todays world. Not only do most extinct animals have no habitat to live in, but the other plants and animals they depended on for food may also be gone as well.语篇解读：本文说明了在克隆灭绝动物的过程中遇到的重重困难与障碍。即使克隆成功了，其赖以生存的栖息地和食物链也已经被破坏，被克隆出来的动物也无法继续生存下去。1It can be learned from the text that _.Athe gaur is an extinct speciesBthe gaur lives in Asia and is endangeredCscientists have cloned the African bongo antelopeDboth the cheetah and the giant panda live in Asia解析：选B细节理解题。根据第二、三段可知，印度野牛生活在亚洲的东南部，濒临灭绝。2The underlined words “a surrogate mother” in Paragraph 5 probably refer to a female who _.Agives birth to a baby of its ownBcannot give birth to a babyCgives birth to a baby for another femaleDprovides DNA解析：选C词义猜测题。根据第五段的描述可知，此处表示的是，把一种动物的DNA提取出来之后，在另外一种动物的体内进行胚胎繁殖，而这种动物就被称为a surrogate mother，由此判断，画线部分意思为“代孕妈妈”，故C项正确。3The difficulty in cloning an extinct species is the lack of _.Aboth the wellpreserved DNA and a surrogate motherBboth the habitat to live in and the wellpreserved DNACboth the wellpreserved DNA and plants to live onDboth the habitat to live in and plants to live on解析：选A细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“On the one hand . On the other hand .”两个方面的表述可知，克隆的困难在于一是要寻找灭绝动物的保存完好的DNA，二是要寻找到合适的代孕的物种，故A项正确。4In the authors opinion, it is possible that _.Aall the extinct species may be clonedBextinct species may be cloned and easily surviveCa gaur can have a monkey as a surrogate motherDsome extinct species may be cloned, but not survive解析：选D推理判断题。本文作者客观叙述了在克隆灭绝动物过程中所存在的种种困难与障碍。根据最后一段的表述可知，也许克隆存在众多的可能性，但是即使克隆成功了，也许会由于其赖以生存的栖息地和食物链已经灭绝而无法继续存活下去。由此判断D项正确。CWhat will humans look like in 1,000 years? Video suggests we could develop red eyes, have darker skin and be betterlooking. Climate change, artificial intelligence and genetic mutations (基因突变) are all set to transform our bodies.In the future tiny robots will be suddenly put into our own bodies, improving our abilities. Meanwhile, designer babies will cause future generations to grow into increasingly intelligent and attractive people. But while that will make us smarter, stronger and betterlooking, such genetic similarity, or lack of human diversity, leaves room for a single new disease of the future to wipe out the entire human race. As global warming takes hold, humans will also be skinnier and taller, as this body shape is better able to dissipate heat. Our faces may also change greatly, according to Dr Alan Kwan, who holds a PhD in computational genomics from Washington University in St Louis. Dr Kwan has created a shocking series of images which show one possible evolution for the human race over the next 100,000 years.As genetic engineering becomes normal, “the fate of the human face will be increasingly determined by human tastes，” writes Dr Kwan, while foreheads will continue to expand as our brains continue to grow larger. As man achieves total control over genetics, the human face will become heavily biased (有偏见的)towards features that humans find fundamentally appealing: strong lines, straight nose and deep eyes. Dr Kwan believes eyes will grow very large as the human race colonizes (开拓殖民地)the solar system and people start living in the dimmer environments of colonies further away from the sun.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。全文主要畅想了1，000年后人类外形上将发生的巨大变化。1What will happen in 1,000 years according to the text?AHumans will become less beautiful.BHumans will stay away from all diseases.CRobots will replace humans in many areas.DHumans will have higher abilities than now.答案：D细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，随着将来微型机器人被植入人体，人类的本领会更强。2What does the underlined word “dissipate” in the second paragraph mean?AKeep something in.BDrive something out.CMake something appear.DSeparate something from others.答案：B词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句可知，将来人类会更加瘦长，而这种体形上的变化是为了应对全球变暖。由此可推知，瘦长的体形更有助于人类在日趋变暖的环境中散热。故选B项。3According to Dr Alan Kwan, in 100,000 years _ .Ahumans will have the ability to control the solar systemBhumans foreheads will become as large as their brainsChumans will gain richer knowledge about geneticsDhumans faces will be skinnier and longer答案：C推理判断题。根据第四段对基因工程的介绍，尤其是“As man achieves total control over genetics”可推知，100,000年后，人类在基因方面的知识会更加丰富。其他几项均与原文信息不符。4Why will the future humans have bigger eyes?ATo adapt to the lack of sunlight.BTo adapt to the change of climate.CTo adjust to their larger foreheads.DTo make themselves more beautiful.答案：A推理判断题。根据最后一段，尤其是“in the dimmer environments”可推知，由于远离太阳，未来人类生存环境中的光线会更暗，所以人们的眼睛会变大，以适应这一变化。DThe volcano is one of the most surprising frightening forces of nature. Maybe you have seen pictures of these “fireworks” of nature. Sometimes when a volcano erupts,_a very large wall of melted rock moves down the side of a mountain. It looks likes a “river of fire”. Sometimes volcanoes explode, throwing the melted rock and ashes high into the air. But where does this melted rock come from? The earth is made up of many layers. The top layer (层) that we see is called the crust. Under the crust are many layers of hard rock. But far, far beneath the crust whose rock is so hot that it is soft. In some places it even melts. The melted rock is called magma. Sometimes the magma breaks out to the surface through in the crack. These cracks are volcanoes.Most people think of mountains when they think of volcanoes. But not every mountain is a volcano. A volcano is simply the opening in the earth from which the magma escapes. The hot magma, or lava as it is called, builds up on the surface of the earth. Over thousands of years, this pile of cooled lava can grow to be very, very big. For example, the highest mountain in Africa, Kilimanjaro, is a volcano. It towers more than 16,000 feet above the ground around it.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了自然界的神奇力量火山。1The underlined word “erupts” in Paragraph 1 means “_ ”Amoves down Bbreaks awayCbuilds up Dsuddenly throws out lava答案：D词义猜测题。根据第一段的描述可知此处指火山喷发，D项意为“突然释放出岩浆”，与“喷发”意义最为接近。故D项正确。2Which words in the passage have the same meaning as “melted rock”？A“Volcano” and “explode”B“Crust” and “hard rock”C“Magma” and “lava”D“Volcano” and “magma”答案：C细节理解题。由第一段倒数第三句和第二段第四句可知，“magma”和“lava”可代替“melted rock”，表示“岩浆；熔岩”。3Which is the correct order of the layers of the earth (beginning with the top layer)?Acrusthard rockmagmasoft rockBcrusthard rocksoft rockmagmaCmagmasoft rockhard rockcrustDvolcanocracksmagmacrust答案：B细节理解题。由第一段倒数第37句可知地球的正确分层为B项所述。4The best title of the passage should be “_ ”AThe Volcano BKilimanjaro VolcanoCThe Mountains DThe Melted Rock答案：A标题判断题。通读全文后可知，本文主要讲的是有关火山的相关知识。EWhen I was a boy we used to live across the road from a big hill with huge oak trees growing out of it.When winter arrived, thick and heavy snow would fall, and my two brothers would grab their sleds heading over to the hill for a day of fun.I remember watching them with envy because I was still too small to go sledding.Finally, one winter I was considered big enough and joined my brothers as they carried their sleds up the long hill and prepared to ride down it.The first few trips I rode with one of my brothers had the time of my life.It was so exhilarating when the wind whipped across my face as I flew down the hillside on the wooden sled.Near the end of the day I was too overjoyed when my oldest brother decided to let me try riding the sled all by myself.I climbed on it full of excitement and lay on my stomach.Then with one big push my brother sent me down the snowy hillside.I was doing pretty well too until I hit an old stump hidden by the snow and went off course, straight towards one of those big oak trees.My heart pounded in my chest and I could hear myself screaming.At the last possible second I rolled off and the sled crashed into the tree.I could hear my brothers running down the hill yelling, “You have to steer (操控)! You have to steer！”Sadly, that wasnt the last time I failed to steer when some obstacle knocked me off course in my life.Many times problems, troubles, and my own failures have sent me crashing into the trees of anger, frustration, and despair.I am still learning that life isnt always safe sledding.I am still learning that it is up to me to steer myself back to love, back to kindness, back to goodness, and back to God.Life is a trip, but no one ever said it was a smooth ride.Steer well then.Steer straight.Steer your soul towards the light and the love that are all meant for us.语篇解读：作者小时候有一次滑雪时差点撞到橡树上，但在最后一刻，作者翻滚到雪地里才得以化险为夷，同时他学到了一个人生道理：学会自我掌控。1What do we know about the author when he was very young?AHe lived on a big hill with huge oak trees on it.BHe was frightened to go sledding with his brothers.CHe longed to go sledding with his brothers.DHe carried his brothers sleds as they went sledding.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“I remember watching them with envy because I was still too small to go sledding.”可知，作者因为年龄太小不能去滑雪，只能嫉妒地看着哥哥们玩。据此可知，作者小时候很渴望和哥哥们一起滑雪，故C项正确。2Which of the following can replace the underlined word “exhilarating” in Paragraph 2?ADelightful. BTerrifying.COrdinary. DViolent.解析：选A词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句可知，这句话描述的是作者第一次滑雪时在木雪橇上从山上冲下去，风从脸上刮过时的快感。根据第一段作者渴望滑雪的描述再结合下文中的“overjoyed”可知，作者玩得很开心，据此可以判断，画线词意为“令人愉快的”，故A项正确。3Why did the author fall off his sled?ABecause his sled crashed into an oak tree.BBecause he lost control of his sled.CBecause his brother pushed it so hard.DBecause the hillside was snowy.解析：选B推理判断题。根据第二段中的“I was doing pretty well .one of those big oak trees.”可知，作者撞到了雪地里的一个树桩，然后径直撞向一棵大橡树，再结合该段中的“At the last possible second .the tree.”可知，作者在快要撞到橡树的那一刻从雪橇上翻滚下来，从而避开了危险。据此可以判断，作者从雪橇上掉下来是因为他失去了对雪橇的控制。故B项正确。4What does the author mean to tell us?ALosing control of a sled can be dangerous.BCourage and determination can change ones life.CLife can be controlled by oneself.DLife is a mystery full of coincidences.解析：选C推理判断题。通读全文再结合文章最后一段的前两句“Life is a trip, but no one ever said it was a smooth ride.Steer well then.”可知，作者认为人生的旅程不是一帆风顺的，应该学会掌控生活。据此可以判断，本文旨在告诉读者，人生是可以由自己掌控的，故C项正确。FGetting close to active or erupting volcanoes can be dangerous. But for Michael Rampino, its all in a days work. Rampino is a volcanologist, a scientist who studies volcanoes and how they affect our planet. Rampino has been close to redhot lava flows (熔岩流) in Hawaii and explosive volcanoes in Indonesia. He knows when to get close to an active volcano and when to back away.Rampino wasnt always a volcanologist. He worked for NASA for seven years. He studied rocks until he began to research climate change and the effects that volcanoes have on climate. He became interested in the subject. “Once I started working with volcanoes，” Rampino said, “I was hooked.”Rampino is a professor at New York University. As part of his job, he travels to areas where volcanoes have been active. “Active” means