2017中考英语-名词代词.doc

中考专题（一）名词I. 名词的分类：(1)名词的定义：名词是表示人、事物、抽象概念等名称的词。 如：book （书); bread（面包）; news（新闻）;boy（男孩）; Tom（汤姆）; London（伦敦）; China（中国）【广东佛山】Whose_(猫) is that? Its hers.【广东佛山】Whats your_? I like playing the violin very much. A.job B.address C.hobby（2）名词的分类：名词分为专有名词和普通名词 专有名词：表示人、地方、组织、机构等的专有名称，专有名词的第一个字母通常大写 如：Tom/Beijing/Project Hope/WTO普通名词分为可数名词和不可数名词 (1)：可数名词分为个体名词（teacher/desk/box/city)和集体名词(police/family) 【注】：集体名词前不可使用不定冠词； 集体名词不与one连用。 (2)：不可数名词分为物质名词(milk/water/rain/wood)和抽象名词（work/friendship/peace/love)II.名词的数1、 可数名词的数：【可数名词】：可以按个数计算的名词，叫可数名词。 可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。(1)单数： 指一个人或一件事物时，用单数形式,在名词直接加a或an ，表示一个： a banana a book a pen an orange an apple an eraser【陕西】John wants to be a _, so he often helps sick people in the hospital. A. reporter B. doctor C. scientist D. Cook【山东德州3】 A/An_ can use his drawings to tell about beautiful mountains, the blue sea and many other things. A. actor B. scientist C. artist D. doctor (2)复数：指两个或多个人或事物时用复数形式: 名词复数是在单数名词后加-s/-es构成(特殊情况除外) two bananas _ three watches _名词由单数形式变成复数形式的规则如下：1. 单数变复数的规则变化：一般的名词变复数, 直接在词尾加-s book _ pen _ banana_ 河北】Cici enjoys dancing. Its one of her_ . A. prize B. prizes C. hobby D. hobbies福建泉州2】Mum, can I blow out all the _on the birthday cake now ? No, dear . You should make a wish first . A. flowers B. candles C. fruits 【山东德州2】The people who are more confident have more_ to make themselves successful.A. education B. chances C. pride D. excuses 浙江温州4】 I like reading. Me too. I especially like the _ written by J. K. Rowling. A. homework B. numbers C. moviesD. books. 以s、x、ch、sh 结尾的名词, 加-es bus_ class _ box_ fox_ watch _ brush _ dish _四川南充3】There are some _ on the floor. A. milk B. child C. boxes. 以o 结尾的名词, 有生命的物质的名词, 加-es;【记】 黑人（Negro _） 英雄 （hero _ ） 爱吃土豆（Potato _）和西红柿 （tomato _）广西玉林】Eating more vegetables is good for our health. I often eat lettuce, broccoli and _. A. tomato B. tomatos C. tomatoes D. potato贵阳 Lily，lets make vegetable salad. How many_do we need? “One is enough.” A. oranges B. potato C. tomatoes 无生命的物质的名词, 加-s。 【记】 我听广播(radio _)， 也看到电视录像( video_)，说动物园( zoo _)里的袋鼠(kangaroo_) 弹着钢琴(piano _)，吃着竹子（bamboo _）吸引游客来拍照片 （photo _）. 以f 或fe 结尾的名词变复数,把f 或fe 改为-ves初中阶段掌握以下名词：【记】小偷的妻子用树叶和小刀在书架上杀死了半个狼的生命 thief_wife_leaf_knife_ shelf_half_wolf _ life _ 以y 结尾的名词变复数, 分两种情况：（1）辅音字母+y结尾的名词，改y 为i 再加-es。city_ family_ dictionary_ library _ 【2013江苏盐城】Do you have any _ ? Yes, I like chess and drama best. A. jobsB. duties C. hobbiesD. problems 【2014 广东】I hear you run for half an hour every day. Right, we have to.It is one of the _ in our school A.rules B.plans C.hobbies D.choices(2)元音字母+y 结尾的名词，直接在词尾加-sboy_ key _ monkey _ 2. 单数变复数的不规则变化：（1）单复数同形初中阶段掌握以下名词：【记】中国人和日本人爱护绵羊、鹿和鱼Chinese_ Japanese _ sheep_ deer _ fish _【2014广东】The students of Grade 7 visited Mikes farm and saw many _there. A.bird B.duck C.sheep D.rabbit 【2012山东东营1】Mr. Jackson keeps lots of _ on his farm. A. sheepB. chickenC. gooseD. pandas（2）单复数不同形初中阶段掌握以下名词：【记】男人和女人的孩子用脚踢了耗子的牙齿man _ woman _ child_ foot _ mouse _ tooth_【另记为】：1. child children2. man men woman women policeman policemen (规律：man men)3. foot feet tooth teeth(3) 某国人的复数： 1)中、日不变 Chinese Japanese2). 英、法变 Englishman Frenchman3). 其余s加后面 American German- Australian Canadian 【2013黑龙江绥化】 I saw some _ and _ dancing in the street the day before yesterday. A. Germen; Englishmen B. Germans; Englishmans C. Germans; Englishmen3.修饰可数名词的修饰词有：these, those, few,a few, many, how many ,too many, a good(great) many, a number of 等。【2013黑龙江齐齐哈尔】2. How many_ are there in the basket? A. potato B. bread C. tomatoes【2013四川广安2】 Are there any _in your school? Yes, there are. A. Germen B. Germans C. German2、 不可数名词的数【可数名词】不能按个数来计算的名词，叫不可数名词。贵州毕节3】I have _ in learning English and Im so worried. Could you help me with it? Sure, Id love to. A.joy B. interest C. trouble D. Fun广东1】 Mum, Ive heard that we cant eat _ these days. Is it true? Take it easy. It is safe to eat cooked meat. A. chicken B. chickens C. a chicken D. the chicken1. 不可数名词的用法：1.不可数名词不能和a/an连用；2.不能直接用数字表数量3. 不可数名词没有复数形式，所以后面不能加-s/-es 4. 不可数名词作句子的主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。Knowledge _ (be) power知识就是力量广东梅州】Im very thirsty now. Would you like some _? A. teaB. fish C. noodles D. potatoes 山东济南】Tom is in good health, because he often exercises and eats a lot of healthy _. A. food B. water C. pear D. Carrot湖北随州1】 Mum, I am hungry. May I have some _? Of course. But dont eat too much. A. bread B. noodle C. dumpling D. Hamburger龙东地区】Mum, its so hot. Could I have some _? A. hamburgers B. bread C. ice-cream2.不可数名词表示量的概念，有两种方式：(1)用much, a little , a lot of/ lots of. some , any 等表示多少 I dont want any advice, I want some information(2)不可数名词没有复数形式，在表达它的量时， 常用容器或质量的计算单位来表示，即： “数词+ 量词+ of +不可数名词”。 若数词大于1时， 只需要把不可数名词前面的量词变为复数。a cup of 一杯 two cups of 两杯 a teaspoon of 一茶匙 three teaspoons of 三茶匙 a slice of 一片 four slices of 四片 a kilo of 一公斤 five kilos of 五公斤 a piece of .一片. six pieces of.六片/张. a bottle of. 一瓶. seven bottles of. 七瓶. a glass of .一玻璃. eight glasses of. 八玻璃杯. 清远】Im so hungry. Please give me _ to eat A. three bread B three pieces of bread C. three pieces of breads D three piece of bread【湖北黄冈3】What would you like to drink, girls? _ please. A. Two glass of water B. Two glass of waters C. Two cups of tea D. Two cups of teas四川遂宁】22. Im so hungry. Please give me_ to eat. A. three bread B. three pieces of bread C. three pieces of breads3. 修饰不可数名词的修饰词有： this ,that,little , a little ,a bit of , some, any,much, how much, too much, a great deal of, 【2014黔西南州3】Could you please get me some _? Im hungry. A. apple B. water C. bread D. egg 4.pair 的用法： pair 主要用来指由两者组成的“一双”或“一对”， 或由两半合成的“一条”、“一副”“一把” a pair of shoes_ a pair of glasses _ a pair of trousers _a pair of gloves_a pair of shorts _ a pair of socks_“a pair of +名词” 构成的名词短语做主语时， 谓语动词的数要与pair 的数保持一致。This pair of glasses _(be) very cheap.These pairs of shorts _(be) very expensive.【湖北黄石】 _ that pair of _ a little cheaper ? A. Is; glass B. Are; glass C. Is; glasses D. Are; glassesIII.名词所有格名词所有格表示所属关系，分为 -s所有格和of所有格两种形式。1. s 所有格的构成和用法：表示有生命的人或物的名词所有格,一般在名词后加s【单数名词所有格】：一般的名词所有格，直接在后面加-s Toms bike _ my fathers car _ 【贵州安顺3】“_bookcase is this?” “It must be_.” A. Whos ; Tom B. Whos; Tom C. Whose; Toms D. Whose; Tom.用and连接两个并列的单数名词表示共有关系时，这时只在最后一个名词后加“s.”【黑龙江绥化】 He is _ father. A. Jims and Lucys B. Jim and Lucys C. Jims and Lucy【四川广安2】Whose room is this? Its _ A. Lucy and Lily B. Lucy and Lilys C. Lucys and Lilys【广西贺州4】 Look at the man over there. He is _ uncle. A. Jims and Tims B. Jims and Tim C. Jim and Tim D. Jim and Tims用and连接两个并列的单数名词表示各有关系时，这时分别在每个名词后加“s.”山东威海2】_ fathers cant go to the class meeting because they have gone to business.A. Jack and Mikes B. Jacks and Mikes C. Jack and Mike D. Jacks and Mike 表示店铺、医院、诊所、住宅等名称的所有格时，常在名词后加 s 代表全称。 at the doctors _ at the Bobs _不定代词something 、anything 等和else 连用时，所有格应加在else的后面。 This is _(somebody else ) pencil .表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的名词，也可在词尾加s 来构成所有格。 an hours ride two weeks time Chinas capital 山东潍坊2】 How far is your home from school? Its about two_ walk. A. hours B. hours C. hours D. hour【甘肃白银4】 How _ is it from Xian to Dunhuang? Its less than 3 _ flight. A. long; hours B. far; hours C. long; hours D. far; hours湖北随州3】How far is your cousins home from here? Its about two_ ride. A.hours B. hours C. hours D. Hour鄂州4】Its convenient to travel from Ezhou to Wuhan by taking the newly-built green railway. Yes. Its said that _ is enough. A. fifteen minutes drive B. fifteen-minutes drive C. fifteen minutes drive D. fifteen minutes drive【复数名词所有格】：1.以s结尾的复数名词，变所有格时在s后加“” Teachers Day _ the students classroom _ 【长沙】Is the schoolbag under the desk yours? No, its my _. He left it there just now. A. brother B. brothers C. brothers2. 不以s 结尾的复数名词，仍加“s” Childrens Day _ Womens Day _【广东湛江】Whats the date today? Its March 8th, _ Day. A. Woman B.Women C.Womans D.Womens盐城4】The online shop sells _clothing at a very good price. A. child and mans B. children and mens C. Childrens and men D. Childrens and mens2.of 所有格：表示无生命的事物的名词所有格，用 “ of +名词”来表示 the map of China _ the door of the room _3.双重所有格：of + 名词所有格 a photo of Marys 玛丽的一张照片（指照片属于玛丽）of + 名词性的物住代词 a photos of Mary 一张玛丽的照片（指照片上的人是玛丽） He is a friend of my _(brother ) . Is she a daughter of _(you)?【2014龙东地区1】 Miss Black is a friend of _, she always looks after my sister. A. Marys mothers B. Marys mother C. Mary mothersIV.名词的语法作用1.名词作主语.表示时间、金钱、距离作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 Two hours _(be) enough for us to get there .量词短语“数字+量词+ of +”作主语时，谓语动词应与量词保持一致。 A pair of shoes _(be) under the bed . Two pieces of paper _(be) on the desk .名词+介词（with、except 、along with ）+名词作主语时，谓语动词应与前面的名词保持一致。 The teacher with the students _(be) planting trees on the hill .短语“neithernor/eitheror/not onlybut also ”连接两个词做主语时，谓语动词遵循就近原则。【福州】 Tim,how do your parents like popular pop music ? _my dad _my mom likes it . They both prefer classical music . A. Eitheror B. Neither or C. Not only but also 【恩施3】 _ Lily_ Lucy likes singing, but they are good at dancing. A. Both; and B. Not only; but also C. Neither; nor学科名词作主语，谓语动词用单数 Maths_(be) my favorite subject.2.名词作定语：.名词作定语时，一般用单数形式。 apple tree book shop 【四川凉山3】 I feel very thirsty and hungry after a long walk. Would you like someand _? A. apple juice; sandwichesB. apples juice; sandwichesC. apple juice; sandwiches【浙江温州4】 Where does your uncle work, Jack? In a _ in Paris. He is a policeman. A. TV station B. bookstore C. post office D. police station【山西2】 Mum, theres something wrong with my _. Could you wake me up tomorrow morning? No problem, dear. A. pencil case B. alarm clock C. tennis racket 【广东深圳3】What are the _ doing there? They are busy _ their science experiment. Aboys students; to do Bboy students; to do Cboys students; doing Dboy students; doing达州3】After P.E., I often feel very thirsty. Why not buy some _ to drink? A. bread B. noodles C. apple juice D. teas.名词作定语时，sport用复数形式 sports meeting _ sports shoes _ .man/woman 作定语修饰名词时，man、woman的单复数与后面的名词单复数保持一致。 one man teacher _ two women teachers _安顺】There are fifty _ in our school. They are all friendly to us. A. woman teachers B. women teacher C. woman teacher D. women teachers龙东地区1】Wang Yaping and Liu Yang are our _ in China. Were proud_ them. A. women astronauts; of B. woman astronauts; of C. women astronauts; in【黔西南州3】_ the teachers in their school is about 200 and one fourth of them are _ teachers. A. A number of; women B. A number of; woman C. The number of; women D. The number of; woman. “数词+名词（+形容词）”做定语时，名词用单数 an eight-year-old boy 【2013黑龙江绥化】 She is a_ girl with two big eyes. A. six-years-old B. six-year-old C. six years old【甘肃兰州】32. In this exam, youre asked to write a composition of about _.A. 90-words B. 90-wordC. 90 wordsD. 90 words【贵州安顺2】Kate is _ girl. Shes very happy at school. A. a eighteen-year-old B. an eighteen-year-old C. an eighteen-years-old D. a eighteen-years-oldV. 3组名词近义词辨析：1.sound /voice/noise(1)sound 指耳朵能听到的各种声音。(2)voice 主要指人的嗓音和说话声音。(3)noise 指噪音【湖北黄冈3】Someone called you just now. I know. But I was busy at that moment. When I called back, there was no _. A. voice B. sound C. answer D. result【】The boy didnt sleep well last night because of the _ from the factory. A. voice B. noise C. music D. song2. family/ home/ house/room(1)home 指家，包括住处和家人。带有感情色彩(2)house 指房子、住宅。强调建筑物(3)family 指家庭或家庭成员.强调“家庭(4)room指“房间”【】Hangzhou is _ to hundreds of foreign friends who are working and studying here. A. homeB. houseC. family D. Room【河南4】He was born in Italy, but he has made China his_ A. family B. address C. house D. home【浙江宁波3】Oh, dear! There isnt, enough_for us in the lift. No hurry. Lets wait for the next. A. floor B. scat C. room D. rmation /news/ message辨析(1)information “消息，信息”(不可数名词)一般指信息；消息；情报；资讯 a piece of information 一条信息【甘肃白银2】Just search the internet, you can get almost all the _ you need. A. informations B. information C. picture D. story上海3】The students didnt find much _ about the topic on that website. A. report B. article C. information D. story【四川内江】 You can find many _about the famous film star on the Internet. A. news B. pictures C. tickets D. information（2）news 不可数名词，一般指新闻、消息 a piece of news 一则新闻【江苏扬州】8. - What a good _ youve given me! Thanks a lot. - My pleasure. A. information B. newsC. suggestionD. advice(3)message可数名词，一般指（书面或口头的）信息、消息、音信。 leave a message 留下消息take a message （打电话时用）传个话，留口信 give sb. a message 给某人捎口信=take a message for sb云南中考】 My friends sent me many short _ with best wishes for my birthday. A. news B. information C. messages D. suggestions湖北武汉】If by any chance Peter comes to us ,please ask him to leave a _. A. letter B. sentence C. message D. notice江苏扬州1】 If I am wanted in the telephone, ask him to leave a _ A. message B. letter C. diary D. sentence呼 和 浩 特】13When Peter comes, please ask him to leave a _. Anotice Bmessage Csentence Dinformation【中考专题训练】【杭州2】I am tried. This is not the right _ to ask me to go for a walk. A. moment B. chance C. place D. season【宜宾3】In this test, were asked to write a passage of about _. A. 80-words B. 80-word C. 80 words D. 80 words【呼和浩特1】How far is it from Tianjin to Changsha？ It is a _ flight from Tianjin to Changsha. A. 2-hour-long B. 2-hours-long C. 2 hours long D. 2 hour long【呼和浩特2】When Peter comes, please ask him to leave a _. A. notice B. message C. sentence D. information【东营4】When is _