高中英语时态课件.doc

时态1 一般现在时1) 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。时间状语： every, sometimes, at, on SundayI leave home for school at 7 every morning.2) 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China.3) 表示格言或警句中。 Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。例：Columbus proved that the earth is round.4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。I dont want so much. Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup. I am doing my homework now.第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。再如：Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back.第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用一般现在时。2 一般过去时1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。Where did you go just now?2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。When I was a child, I often played football in the street.Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.3）句型：It is time for sb. to do sth 到时间了 该了It is time sb. did sth. 时间已迟了 早该了It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。 It is time you went to bed.你早该睡觉了。would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示宁愿某人做某事 Id rather you came tomorrow.4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。比较： 一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。Christine was an invalid all her life. (含义：她已不在人间。)Christine has been an invalid all her life. (含义：她现在还活着)Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.(含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去) 注意： 用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。1） 动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。Did you want anything else? I wondered if you could help me.2）情态动词 could, would. Could you lend me your bike?3 一般将来时1) shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在争求意见时常用于第二人称。Which paragraph shall I read first. Will you be at home at seven this evening?2) be going to +不定式，表示将来。a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。 What are you going to do tomorrow?b. 计划，安排要发生的事。 The play is going to be produced next month。c. 有迹象要发生的事 Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.3) be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。We are to discuss the report next Saturday.4) be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。He is about to leave for Beijing.注意：be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。 4 一般现在时表将来1） 下列动词：come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时表将来。这主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes.2）倒装句，表示动作正在进行，如：Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing.3) 或条件句中。 When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for meIll write to you as soon as I arrive there.4）在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等后。I hope they have a nice time next week. Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 5 现在完成时现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的确和现在有联系。动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在；也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。其构成：have (has) +过去分词。& 比较过去时与现在完成时1）过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。2）过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。一般过去时的时间状语:yesterday, last week，ago, in1980, in October, just now, this morning, tonight,现在完成时的时间状语 for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, already, recently3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, work, study, know.过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。I saw this film yesterday. （强调看的动作发生过了。）I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）Why did you get up so early? （强调起床的动作已发生过了。）Who hasnt handed in his paper? （强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。）She has returned from Paris.她已从巴黎回来了。She returned yesterday. 她是昨天回来了。He has been in the League for three years. (在团内的状态可延续)He has been a League member for three years. (是团员的状态可持续)He joined the League three years ago. ( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。)I have finished my homework now.-Will somebody go and get Dr. White? -Hes already been sent for.句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。（错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.（对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 6 过去完成时1） 概念：表示过去的过去-|-|-|-其构成是had +过去分词构成。2） 用法 a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。She said (that) she had never been to Paris.b. 状语从句 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。 When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示原本，未能 We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt.3) 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。He said that he had learned some English before.By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party. 7 将来完成时1) 构成will / be going to do sth.2) 概念 a. 状态完成：表示某事继续到将来某一时为止一直有的状态。b. 动作完成：表示将来某一时或另一个将来的动作之前，已经完成的动作或一获得的经验。They will have been married for 20 years by then.You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow.8 现在进行时现在进行时的基本用法：a. 表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情。 We are waiting for you.b. 习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。Mr. Green is writing another novel. (说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.c. 表示渐变的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。The leaves are turning red. Its getting warmer and warmer.d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。 You are always changing your mind.时态比较赵宝斌 编辑整理 在英语中, 时态是英语语法中的难点之一，它种类多，容易混淆，下面笔者通过几种时态比较, 帮助英语学习者理解和掌握时态的用法。现在一般时与现在完成时 现在一般时与现在进行时现在完成时与过去一般时 过去完成时与过去一般时过去进行时与过去一般时 将来一般时与现在进行时现在一般时与过去一般式现在完成时与现在完成进行时现在一般时与过去完成时1. 现在一般时与现在完成时1) I come from Shanghai(上海人）I have come from Shanghai（从上海来）2) You read very well. (强调能力）Youve read very well. （强调一次刚完成的动作）3) I forget.(一时想不起来了）I have forgotten.（仍没想起来，可能已回忆起来了）4) The book is written in simple English. (表状态）The book has been written in simple English.（表动态，已用英语写成）5) Every time I see him, hes been reading. （两个动作不可能同时进行）Every time I have seen him, hes been reading. (强调两个动作同时进行）6) He is gone. (强调状态）He has gone （强调动作和时间）7) He wont come till the play begins. (演出开始时）He wont come till the play has begun.（戏已开始）8) After I leave school, Ill go to college. （两个动作紧密相接）After I have left school, Ill go to college.（强调毕业后，两个动作可能有间隔）9) It is a long time since I saw you last. Its been a long time since I saw you last.(这两句话一样，后一句是美国英语）10) Where are you? (在哪）Where have you been?(去了哪）2. 现在一般时与现在进行时1) He works hard.（强调始终如一）He is working hard.（强调现在）2) What do you do? (干什么工作的）What are you doing?（在干什么）3) Here comes the bus! (表高兴和欣慰）The bus is coming.（汽车到来的情景）4) I forget him name. Im forgetting his name.(差点把他的名字忘了）5) You dont eat much. (强调胃口不大）Youre not eating much.（你怎么不吃呀）6) The match starts at 7 oclock. (比较固定，不宜改变）The match is starting at 7 oclock.（可以改变）7) Tom always comes late. Tom is always coming late.(表示不满，责备）8)Tom goes to college now. Tom is going to college now.(这两句区别不大，后者更生动）9） I tell you.（我可以告诉你）Im telling you.(我告诉你吧，有感情色彩）10) He always sleeps in the afternoon. He is always sleeping in the afternoon.(后者意味着整个下午都睡掉了）11) I expect you to phone me. ( 几乎等于命令）Im expecting you to phone me.（婉转）12) What do you say? What are you saying?(你说些什么呀，表说话人惊讶，不满）12) I find that the book is too difficult for me.(强调结果） Im finding that the book is too difficult for me. (强调过程，逐渐感到）13) Apples cost more these days.(强调事实)Apples are costing more these days.(越来越贵)14) He always thinks of others. Hes always thinking of others.(表示赞扬)15) Whenever I see him, he argues with somebody.(强调两个动作有先后) Whenever I see him, he is arguing with somebody.(强调两个动作同时进行)16) I hope youll give us some advice. Im hoping youll give us some advice.(表示语气婉转)17) I must go. (我应该去)I must be going.(我该走了)18) We can discuss this while we eat.(说话是没用餐)We can discuss this while we are eating.(进餐已开始)3. 现在完成时与过去一般时1) Ive seen him this morning.(还在上午的时间里) I saw him this morning.(时间已不在上午了)2) Whos opened the window? (窗户还在开着)Who opened the window? (与现在无关,窗户可能已关上)3) Have you ever heard him sing? (他可能不是爱唱歌)Did you ever hear him sing?(你曾听过他唱歌吗,他可能是歌唱家)4) Have you ever heard of such a thing? (你听过这种事吗)Did you ever hear of such a thing?(这种事, 你听说过吗? 是一个修辞性问题，表示惊异。)5) What have I done to make you so angry? (对方仍生气）What did I do to make you so angry? （暗示某一过去的时间，可能对方已不生气了。）6) How has he done it? (他这活干的怎么样？强调结果）How did he do it?（他是怎么干这活的？强调干活的方式）7) He has lived in New York for eight years. (他仍在纽约）He lived in New York for eight years.（他可能不在人世了）8) He has been called a thinker. He was called a thinker.(他曾被誉为思想家）9) Youve heard what I said. (你听见我的话了）You heard what I said.（你是听见我的话的，口气严厉，具有感情色彩。）10) Ive lost my pen. (笔还没找到）I lost my pen.（笔可能找到了）11) He has already been there. (曾去过哪）He was already there.（当时在哪）12) Since I have been ill, my friend has visited me every day.（生病还在延续）Since I was ill, my friend has visited me every day. (病已好了）13) Have you slept well? (暗示疲倦了，休息后是否好些了）Did you sleep well?（暗示睡的是否舒服，满意）4. 过去完成时与过去一般时1) I came here after I finished middle school.(两个动作每间隔) I came here after I had finished middle school.(两个动作有间隔,强调先后概念)2) I waited till I saw him. I waited till I had seen him. (这两个句子差不多,过去完成时更普遍)3) We hoped he would come.(我们希望他来) We had hoped he would come.(我们本希望他来的)4) I dont think he sang as well as he once did.(指具体一次)I dont think he sang as well as he had once done.(泛指以前,现在可能不唱了)5) Before I came here, I was a soldier.(我来此以前在当兵) Before I came here, I had been a soldier.(我来此以前,曾当过兵)6) Jim said he didnt know he was so strong.(表示Jim在说话时仍很结实) Jim said he didnt know he had been so strong.(表示在Jim说话之前曾结实过)7) They were friends from many years.(表示现在还是朋友) They had been friends for many years.(意味这友谊结束了)8) He did the work at 6.(强调时间) He had done the work at 6. (6点工作已做完)9) I learned French during my holiday.(强调学了)I had learned French during my holiday. (强调学会了)10) When she sang she sat down.(表示唱着坐下)When she had sung she sat down.(表示唱完坐下)11) I went to bed when I did my homework.(不明确) I went to bed when I had done my homework.(作业做完)12) I have lived here since I was a child.(从我长大成人)I have lived here since I had a child.(从我孩提时)5. 过去进行时与过去一般时1) I read a book yesterday. (书已看完)I was reading a book yesterday.(书尚未看完)2) The guests arrived.(客人已到) The guests were arriving.(客人陆续到达)3) He woke from a dream. (表示全醒)He was waking from a dream.(表示初醒)4) The old man died.(已死) The old man was dying.(要死)5) John told me about it.(告诉我了,我都知道了) John was telling me about it.(跟我谈起过,我想了解更多的事情)6) They persuaded me to go along with them.(已经说服) They were persuading me to go along with them.(还在劝说)7) The wind blew hard all night.(强调事实) The wind was blowing hard all night.(强调风刮个不停)8) I expected you. I was expecting you.(客气,表示可能等了很旧了)9) He knocked at the door.(强调一次性)He was knocking at the door.(强调多次性)6. 将来一般时与现在进行时1) Will he come? Is he coming?(时间发生的比较近)2) How long will you stay hear? (表示意愿)How long will you stay here?(表示打算)3) Shell have a baby. (表示肯定)Shes going to have a baby.(表示推测,计划)4) Ill see him this evening.(表示意愿)Im seeing him this evening.(表示打算,已有安排)7. 现在一般时与过去一般式1) Do you wish to see me? Did you wish to see me?(表示婉转客气)2) Thats all I have to say.(我的话就这些) Thats all I had to say.(我要说的就这些)3) How do you like the film? (看电影过程中)How did you like the film?(看完电影后)4) It is nice to see you.(见面时说)It was so nice to see you.(离别时说)5) I never like him. (没时间性)I never liked him.(从来没喜欢过)6) I think I know that voice.(没见客人时)I thought I know that voice.(见到客人时,证明自己正确或错误)7) Who is that? (哪人还在) Who was that?(人已不在场了)8) This cake is made at home. (家里常做这种蛋糕)This cake was made at home.(这种蛋糕是自家做的)8.现在完成时与现在完成进行时1) Someone has phoned you.(打了电话) Someone has been phoning you.(一直在打电话)2) Ive read the novel.(已读完) Ive been reading the novel.(还没读完)3) He has lived here for six weeks. e has been living here for six weeks. (区别不大,后者更口语化)4) Have you met her lately? Have you been meeting her lately?(强调动作的重复,经常见面)5) Whos eaten my apples? ( 苹果没有了)Whos been eating my apples?(有感情色彩,表示愤怒不满)9.现在一般时与过去完成时1) I hope that hell come.I had hoped he would come.(与事实相反)(经常这样用的词有:expect, think, intend, mean, suppose) 英语动词时态用法赵宝斌时态定义动词特性时间状语动词意义上下文提示一般现在时经常反复的动作或状态瞬间动词或持续性动词always, often, sometimes, usually, every morning多用于心理活动和个儿嗜好的动词。多出现在直接引语中现在进行时正在进行的动作或状态多用持续性的动词，如果是瞬间动词多表示动作的重复。now, at the moment, at a certain time.多用动作动词前后有提示语，如：look or listen现在完成时强调动作的结果和影响瞬间动词或持续性动词since, for, so far, until now, this morning(week) before, in the past few weeks, ever表示动作或状态的词。有时时间状语不明显一般过去时过去的动作或状态瞬间动词或持续性动词last