高考英语语法复习-名词性从句课件.ppt

Grammar,Nounclausesastheobjectandpredicative名词性从句宾语从句表语从句,名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。,宾语从句在复合句中起宾语作用，可以作动词的宾语，也可以作介词的宾语。引导宾语从句词有:连词that，if，whether；连接代词who，whose，what，which；连接副词when，where，how，why等。,TheObjectClause,e.g.Ithink(that)womencanreachveryhighachievementsinmanyfieldsofscience.2)Iwonderwhether/ifsherememberedhowmanybabiesshehaddelivered.,3)Doyouknowwho/whomJackwasspeakingto?4)Heaskedwhosecaritwas.5)Payattentiontowhatthedoctorsaid.6)Pleasetellmewhentheearthquaketookplace.7)WillyoutellmehowIcankeepfitandhealthy?,TheObjectClause,做动词的宾语,(1)大部分宾语从句直接跟在动词后：e.g.Hedoesntknowwherethepostofficeis.(2)有些宾语从句前要有间接宾语：e.g.HetoldmewhatIshouldread,(3)如果宾语从句后面有宾语补足语，要使用形式宾语it而将从句放到补足语后面；e.g.Ithoughtitstrangethathefailedtocallme我觉得奇怪：他没给我打电话。,TheObjectClause,(4)在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词之后的宾语从句中，如果从句谓语是否定含义，则不用否定形式,而将主句谓语动词think等变为否定形式;e.g.Idontthinkyouareright我想你是不对的。,(5)在think，believe，imagine，suppose，guess，hope等动词以及Imafraid等后，可用so代替一个肯定的宾语从句，还可用not代替一个否定的宾语从句：e.g.Doyoubelieveitwillclearup?你认为天气会转晴吗?Ibelieveso.我认为会这样。Idontbelieveso.(或Ibelievenot.)我认为不会这样。,TheObjectClause,(1)一般情况下，宾语从句直接跟在谓语后;e.g.Didshesayanythingabouthowweshoulddothework?(2)that引导的宾语从句只有在except,in,but,besides等少数介词后偶尔可能用到;,做介词的宾语,TheObjectClause,e.g.Yourarticleisallrightexceptthatitistoolong(3)有时在介词和其宾语从句的中间加形式宾语it;e.g.Illseetoitthateverythingisready,that引导的表语从句that仅起连接作用，无意义，在句中不作任何成分，通常不可省略。这种从句往往是对主句主语的内容起进一步解释的作用。e.g.Thechanceisthatonesmokerinfourwilldiefromsmoking.,在从句中作表语的从句称作表语从句。,2.whether引导的表语从句连接词whether起连接作用，意为“是否、究竟、到底”（注意：if不能引导表语从句)在句中也不作任何成分。e.g.Thequestioniswhetherwhatmanwillturnupintime.,3.what,which,who,whom,whose引导的表语从句连接代词what,which,who,whom,whose除在句子中起连接作用外，还可在从句中从当主语、表语、定语，且各有各的词义。,ThePredicativeClause,e.g.Tomisnolongerwhatheusedtobe.Thequestioniswhichofusshouldcomefirst.Theproblemiswhoisreallyfitforthehardjob.Theimportantthingiswhosenameshouldbeputonthetopofthelist.,4.where,when,why,how引导的表语从句连接副词where,when,why,how除在句中起连接作用外，在从句中还充当时间、地点、方式、原因状语，本身具有词义。,ThePredicativeClause,e.g.ThatswhereIcantagreewithyou.ThisiswhySarawaslateforthemeeting.Thisishowtheyovercomethedifficulties.MystrongestmemoryiswhenIattendedanAmericanwedding.,5.其他连词asif,because,as,asthough引导的表语从句because引导表语从句通常只用于“This/That/Itisbecause”结构中。asif/though引导的表语从句常置于连系动词look,seem,sound,be,become等后面，常用虚拟语气，表示不存在的动作或状态。,ThePredicativeClause,e.g.Itsoundsasif/thoughsomebodywasknockingatthedoor.Myangerisbecauseyouhaventwrittentomeforalongtime.,1.Goandgetyourcoat.Its_youleftit.A.thereB.whereC.therewereD.wherethere,B,2.Theproblemis_hehasenoughtime.ifB.whetherC./D.that,B,3.Hemadeapromise_hewouldhelpme.A.whatB.whenC.thatD.which,C,4.Iremember_thisusedtobeaquietvillage.A.howB.whenC.whereD.what,B,5.Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild_heorshewants.A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.wherever,B,高考链接,1.-Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterdaysgame?-Oh,thats_.(2003北京春季)A.whatmakesmefeelexcitedB.whateverIfeelexcitedaboutC.howIfeelaboutitD.whenIfeelexcited,A,解析：这是由what引导的一个表语从句，在从句中充当主语，这句话的意思为：那是使我感到兴奋的事。故答案为A。,2.-IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.-Isthat_youhadafewdaysoff?(NMET1999)A.whyB.whenC.whatD.where,解析:这是一个由why引导的表语从句,表示原因.这句话的意思是这就是你离开的原因吗?。故答案为A。,A,3.Perseveranceisakindofqualityandthats_ittakestodoanythingwell.(2002上海春季)A.whatB.thatC.whichD.why,解析:what在表语从句中作takes的宾语,构成Ittakessth.todosth.的句型。答案为A。,A,4.Whenyouanswerquestionsinajobinterview,pleaserememberthegoldenrule:Alwaysgivethemonkeyexactly_hewants.(2002上海春季)A.whatB.whichC.whenD.that,解析:这是一个宾语从句,wants后面缺少宾语,Alwaysgivethemonkeyexactlywhathewants是一句谚语,意思是永远给予他人他确实想要的东西。故答案为A。,A,Grammar,Nounclausesasthesubject名词性从句主语从句,名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。,做主语用的名词性从句，因其在复合句中做主语，又称主语从句，引导主语从句的有连词that，whether，连接代词who，what，which，连接副词when，where，how，why等。,主语从句：,1.连接词：,1）从属连词：that，whether等.that引导主语从句只起引导作用，本身无实际意义，在主语从句中不充当任何成分，但不能省略。,Thatshelefthimcuthimtotheheart.,2)连接代词who，what，which,whatever,whichever,whoever,Whatseemseasytosomepeopleseemsdifficulttoothers.,由whether及其他连词引导的主语从句放在句首，句后都可。,Whetheritwillpleasethemisnoteasytosay.,3)连接副词when，where，how，why等。,Whyhediditremainsamystery.,2.位置：主语从句可以前置，也可以后置。用it做形式主语，而把主语从句，在句末，常用下面几种句型。,1）It+be+表语+主语从句表语：（名词，形容词，过去分词）,2）It+不及物动词+主语从句Itseemed(happened,doesntmatter,hasturnedout)that,Itisstilluncertainwhetherheiscomingornot.,Ithappensthattheywereabsent.,Itisafact(ashame,apity,goodnews)that,3)It+及物动词（被动语态）+主语从句,IthasbeendecidedthattheexhibitionwillnotopenonSundays.,注意:,1）主语从句在句首时，必须由连接词引导，不能省略这些连接词；但是如果用it做形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，从属连词that可以省略。,误：Theyshouldlikeeachotherisnatural.正：Thattheyshouldlikeeachotherisnatural.正：Itisnaturalthattheyshouldlikeeachother.,2)如果主语从句放在句首，不能用if引导，但是如果用it做形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，也可以用if引导.,误：IfMaryreallyheardhimisreallydoubtful.正：ItwasdoubtfulifMaryreallyheardhim.,1.Ihavealwaysbeenhonestandstraightforward,anditdoesntmatter_thatImtalkingto.A.whoisitB.whoitisC.itiswhoD.itiswhom,高考链接,【试析】这个句子是一个由and连接的并列句。And后是一个含有主语从句的结构，其主句部分是itdoesntmatter,主语从句则是whoitisthatImtalkingto.而在主语从句中，又有一个定语从句，修饰who.Who既是一个引导词，也在itis中作表语.如果再细一点，说who是(talking)to的介词宾语也可以。,2.Itisprettywellunderstood_controlstheflowofcarbondioxideinandouttheatmospheretoday.A.thatB.whenC.whatD.how,【试析】主语从句中缺少做主语的成分，故选C.,3._madetheschoolproudwas_morethan90ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.（2003上海春季）A.What;becauseB.What;thatC.That;whatD.That;because,【试析】what在此作连接代词，引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语。that引导主语从句时，只起引导作用，不作任何成分。,Grammar,TheNounClausesastheappositive.,连接词从属连词：that,whether等。,that引导的同位语从句，that在从句中不充当成分,只起连接作用。,e.g.Hetoldmethenewsthathewouldcomehomefromaboardsoon.他告诉我一个消息,他马上要从国外回国。,连接词whether引导的同位语从句，只用whether引导,不用if。,e.g.Iinsisteduponananswertomyquestionwhetherhewascomingornot.我坚持要求他回答我的问题：他来还是不来。,e.g.Thequestionwhoshouldgoabroadhasntbeendecidedyet.IhavenoideawhichoneIshouldchoose.Nextcomesthequestionwhatyouwanttoputinthebox.,what/which/who引导的同位语从句在从句中充当成分。,连接代词：what,who,which等。,我不知道该选哪个。（定语）,谁会出国这个问题还未决定。（主语）,其次就是这个问题：你要在盒子里放些什么。（宾语）,黑洞是怎样形成的，你的这个问题很难回答。,连接副词：how,why，when,where等。,e.g.Itisdifficulttoansweryourquestionabouthowblackholescameintobeing.,(2)同位语从句与定语从句的区别：,定语从句对先行词起修饰、限制的作用；同位语从句具体说明它前面的名词的内容。,e.g.Thenewsthatyouhaveheardisnottrue.(定语从句)你听到的消息不真实。,Thenewsthatourteamhaswonistrue.(同位语从句)我们队获胜的消息是真的。,that在定语从句中担任句子成分，是关系代词；在同位语从句中不担任句子成分，是从属连词。,e.g.Thefactthatwetalkedaboutisveryimportant.,(定语从句),我们所谈论的事实是非常重要的。,Thefactthatwesucceededpleasedeverybody.,(同位语从句),我们成功了，这一事实让大家很高兴。,举例分析Example1：Informationhasbeenputforward_moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.(NMET2001上海)A.whileB.thatC.whenD.as,答案为B。thathasbeenputforward为information的修饰性定语，且information在从句中作主语，所以该句为定语从句。,答案为B。moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities是Information的内容，且Information不在从句中作成分，所以该句为同位语从句。应将该句区别于：,Itissaidthatmoremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities，thisistheinformation_hasbeenputforward.A.whatB.thatC.whenD.as,Example2：Sheheardaterriblenoise,_broughtherheartintohermouth.(MET91)A.itB.whichC.thisD.that,答案为B。分析语境含义、句子结构和句子成分可知，该句为非限制性定语从句，先行词为aterriblenoise，且它在从句中作主语。应将该句区别于：,Icantstandtheterriblenoise_sheiscryingloudlA.itB.whichC.thisD.that,答案为D。sheiscryingloudly是theterriblenoise的内容，且theterriblenoise不在从句中作成分，所以该句为同位语从句。,活学活用,Thenewsthattherearenolivesonthemoonisknowntousall.,同位语从句,Thenewsthatyouheardisnottrue.,定语从句,Haveyouanyideawhohewentwith?,同位语从句,Isthereanyhopethattheywillbehomeintime?,Theproblemthatyoureferredtodoesntexistatall.,同位语从句,定语从句,Nowpleaseturntopage34andfindthreesentences(TheNounClause)fromthereadingpassage.,UsefulStructuresandgrammarexercises,Theideathattheywouldcrossthewholecontinentwasexciting.TheideathatyoucancrossCanadainlessthanfivedaysisjustwrong.Thefactthatoceanshipscangotheresurprisesmanypeople.,Matchth