课题七多速异步电动机的控制线路ppt课件

课题七多速异步电动机的控制线路,三相异步电动机的转速公式可知，改变异步电动机转速可通过三种方法来实现：一是改变电源频率f1；二是改变转差率s；三是改变磁极对数p。改变异步电动机的磁极对数调速称为变极调速。变极调速是通过改变定子绕组的连接方式来实现的，它是有级调速，且只适用于笼型异步电动机。磁级对数可改变的电动机称为多速电动机。常见的多速电动机有双速、三速、四速等。,1,U1,U2,V2,W1,W2,W2,L1L2L3,U2V2W2,U1V1W1,V2,V1,U2,L1L2L3,U1V1W1,U2V2W2,U1,V1,W1,1.双速异步电动机定子绕组的连接,一、双速异步电动机的控制线路,2,双速异步电动机定子绕组的/YY连接图中，三相定子绕组接成形，由三个连接点接出三个出线端U1，V1，W1，从每相绕组的中点各接出一个出线端U2，V2，W2，这样定子绕组共有6个出线端。通过改变这6个出线端与电源的连接方式，就可以得到两种不同的转速。低速工作时，把三相电源分别接在出线端U1，V1，W1上，另外三个出线端U2，V2，W2空着不接，电动机定子绕组接成形，磁极为4极，同步转速为1500R/MIN。电动机高速工作时，要把三个出线端U1，V1，W1并接在一起，三相电源分别接到另外三个出线端U2，V2，W2上，这时电动机定子绕组接成YY形，磁极为2极，同步转速为3000R/MIN。可见双速电动机高速运转时的转速是低速运转转速的两倍。要注意的是，双速电动机定子绕组从一种接法改变为另一种接法时，必须把电源相序反接，以保证电动机的旋转方向不变。,3,L1L2L3,KH,SB1,KM1,KM2,SB2,KM1,QS,FU1,FU2,KH,KM1,KM2,KM3,SB3,KM3KM2,KM3KM2,KM1,KM3,U1,V1,W1,U2,V2,W2,低速,高速YY,2.按钮和接触器控制双速电动机,4,L1L2L3,SB1,KM1,SB2,KM1,FU1,KM1,KM2,KM3,SB3,KM3KM2,KM3KM2,U1,V1,W1,U2,V2,W2,合上QS按下SB1KM1线圈得电,KM2,QS,FU2,KM1,KM3,低速,高速YY,KH,KH,2.按钮和接触器控制双速电动机,5,L1L2L3,SB1,KM1,SB2,KM1,FU1,KM1,KM2,KM3,SB3,KM3KM2,KM3KM2,U1,V1,W1,U2,V2,W2,KM1触头动作电动机联接,低速启动,KM2,QS,FU2,KM1,KM3,低速,高速YY,KH,KH,2.按钮和接触器控制双速电动机,6,L1L2L3,SB1,KM1,SB2,KM1,FU1,KM1,KM2,KM3,SB3,KM3KM2,KM3KM2,U1,V1,W1,U2,V2,W2,按下SB2KM1线圈失电KM2,KM3线圈得电,KM2,QS,FU2,KM1,KM3,低速,高速YY,KH,KH,2.按钮和接触器控制双速电动机,7,L1L2L3,SB1,KM1,SB2,KM1,FU1,KM1,KM2,KM3,SB3,KM3KM2,KM3KM2,U1,V1,W1,U2,V2,W2,KM2,KM3触头动作电动机YY联接,电动机高速运行,KM2,QS,FU2,KM1,KM3,低速,高速YY,KH,KH,2.按钮和接触器控制双速电动机,8,低速,L1L2L3,SB1,KM1,SB2,KM1,FU1,KM1,KM2,KM3,SB3,KM3KM2,KM3KM2,U1,V1,W1,U2,V2,W2,松开SB2电动机继续高速运行,KM2,QS,FU2,KM1,KM3,高速YY,KH,KH,2.按钮和接触器控制双速电动机,9,L1L2L3,KH,SB1,KM1,KM2,SB2,KM1,QS,FU1,FU2,KM1,KM2,KM3,SB3,KM3KM2,KM1,KM3,U1,V1,W1,U2,V2,W2,低速,高速YY,3.时间继电器控制双速电动机,KT,KM1,KT,KT,KT,电路组成分析：用时间继电器控制双速电动机低速启动高速运转，时间继电器KT控制电动机形启动时间和-YY的启动换接运转。,KH,10,L1L2L3,SB1,KM1,KM2,SB2,KM1,QS,FU1,FU2,KM1,KM2,KM3,SB3,KM3KM2,KM1,KM3,U1,V1,W1,U2,V2,W2,KT,KM1,合上QS按下SB1KM1线圈得电,KT,KT,KT,低速起动高速运行,低速,高速YY,KH,KH,3.时间继电器控制双速电动机,11,L1L2L3,SB1,KM1,KM2,SB2,KM1,QS,FU1,FU2,KM1,KM2,KM3,SB3,KM3KM2,KM1,KM3,U1,V1,W1,U2,V2,W2,KT,KM1,KM1触头动作电动机三角形联接低速起动松开SB1继续低速运行,KT,KT,KT,低速起动高速运行,低速,高速YY,KH,KH,3.时间继电器控制双速电动机,12,L1L2L3,SB1,KM1,KM2,SB2,KM1,QS,FU1,FU2,KM1,KM2,KM3,SB3,KM3KM2,KM1,KM3,U1,V1,W1,U2,V2,W2,KT,KM1,按下SB2KM1线圈得电KT线圈得电,KT,KT,KT,低速起动高速运行,低速,高速YY,KH,KH,3.时间继电器控制双速电动机,13,L1L2L3,SB1,KM1,KM2,SB2,KM1,QS,FU1,FU2,KM1,KM2,KM3,SB3,KM3KM2,KM1,KM3,U1,V1,W1,U2,V2,W2,KT,KM1,KM1，KT各触头动作电动机低速起动松开SB2,KT,KT,KT,低速起动高速运行,低速,高速YY,KH,KH,3.时间继电器控制双速电动机,14,L1L2L3,SB1,KM1,KM2,SB2,KM1,QS,FU1,FU2,KM1,KM2,KM3,SB3,KM3KM2,KM1,KM3,U1,V1,W1,U2,V2,W2,KT,KM1,经KT整定时间KT延时触头动作,KM1线圈断电KM2,KM3线圈得电动作电动机高速运行,KT,KT,KT,低速起动高速运行,低速,高速YY,KH,KH,3.时间继电器控制双速电动机,15,L1L2L3,SB1,KM1,KM2,SB2,KM1,QS,FU1,FU2,KM1,KM2,KM3,SB3,KM3KM2,KM1,KM3,U1,V1,W1,U2,V2,W2,KT,KM1,KT,KT,KT,停:按下SB3或过载,低速起动高速运行,低速,高速YY,KH,KH,3.时间继电器控制双速电动机,16,三速电动机定子绕组接线图,中速Y接法高速YY接法,二、三速异步电动机的控制线路,三速电动机的两套定子绕组,低速接法,17,三速异步时机有两套定子绕组，分两层安放在定子槽内，第一套绕组（双速）有七个出线端U1，VI，W1，U3，U2，V2，W2，可作或YY连接；第二套绕组（单速）有三个出线端U4，V4，W4，只作Y形连接。当分别改变两套定子绕组的连接方式（即改变磁极对数）时，电动机就可得到三种不同的转速。三速异步电动机定子绕组的接线方法：W1和U3出线端分开的目的是当电动机定子绕组接Y形中速运转时，避免在形接法的定子绕组中产生感应电流。,18,1.接触器控制三速电动机的控制线路形低速Y形中速YY形高速,19,L1L2L3,KM1,QS,FU1,FU2,KM2,KM1,低速,Y中速YY高速,KM3,KM3,KM2,KM3,KM1,KM3,KM1,KM2,SB4,KM1,KM2,SB2,SB3,SB1,U3,W1,V1,U1,V2,V4,U4,U2,W2,W4,KM4,KM4,KM4,KM2,KM3,KM4,KH,KH,电路组成分析,20,L1L2L3,KM1,QS,FU1,FU2,KM2,KM1,低速,Y中速YY高速,KM3,KM3,KM2,KM3,KM1,KM3,KM1,KM2,SB4,KM1,KM2,SB2,SB3,SB1,U3,W1,V1,U1,V2,V4,U4,U2,W2,W4,KM4,KM4,KM4,KM2,KM3,KM4,合上电源开关QS按下SB1KM1线圈得电电动机接成低速启动,KH,KH,21,L1L2L3,KM1,QS,FU1,FU2,KM2,KM1,低速,Y中速YY高速,KM3,KM3,KM2,KM3,KM1,KM3,KM1,KM2,SB4,KM1,KM2,SB2,SB3,SB1,U3,W1,V1,U1,V2,V4,U4,U2,W2,W4,KM4,KM4,KM4,KM2,KM3,KM4,松开SB1电动机继续低速启动,运行,KH,KH,22,L1L2L3,KM1,QS,FU1,FU2,KM2,KM1,低速,Y中速YY高速,KM3,KM3,KM2,KM3,KM1,KM3,KM1,KM2,SB4,KM1,KM2,SB2,SB3,SB1,U3,W1,V1,U1,V2,V4,U4,U2,W2,W4,KM4,KM4,KM4,KM2,KM3,KM4,先按SB4KM1线圈失电电动机断电再按SB2KM2线圈得电电动机Y联接,中速运行,KH,KH,23,L1L2L3,KM1,QS,FU1,FU2,KM2,KM1,低速,Y中速YY高速,KM3,KM3,KM2,KM3,KM1,KM3,KM1,KM2,SB4,KM1,KM2,SB2,SB3,SB1,U3,W1,V1,U1,V2,V4,U4,U2,W2,W4,KM4,KM4,KM4,KM2,KM3,KM4,松开SB2电动机Y联接,继续中速运行,KH,KH,24,L1L2L3,KM1,QS,FU1,FU2,KM2,KM1,低速,Y中速YY高速,KM3,KM3,KM2,KM3,KM1,KM3,KM1,KM2,SB4,KM1,KM2,SB2,SB3,SB1,U3,W1,V1,U1,V2,V4,U4,U2,W2,W4,KM4,KM4,KM4,KM2,KM3,KM4,先按SB4KM2线圈失电电动机断电再按SB3KM3,KM4线圈得电电动机YY联接,高速运行,KH,KH,25,L1L2L3,KM1,QS,FU1,FU2,KM2,KM1,低速,Y中速YY高速,KM3,KM3,KM2,KM3,KM1,KM1,KM2,SB4,KM1,KM2,SB2,SB3,SB1,U3,W1,V1,U1,V2,V4,U4,U2,W2,W4,KM4,KM4,KM4,KM2,KM3,KM4,先按SB4KM2线圈失电电动机断电再按SB3KM3,KM4线圈得电电动机YY联接,高速运行,KH,KH,26,2.时间继电器自动控制三速电动机的控制线路用时间继电器控制三速电动机的电路图中，SB1、KM1控制电动机接法下低速启动运转；SB2、KT1、KM2控制电动机从接法下低速启动到Y接法下中速运转的自动变换；SB3、KT1、KT2、KM3控制电动机从接法下低速启动到Y中速过渡到YY接法下高速运转的自动变换。,27,L1L2L3,KM1,QS,FU1,FU2,KM2,KM1,低速,Y中速YY高速,KM3,KM3,KM2,KM3,KM1,KM1,KM2,SB4,KM1,KT2,SB2,SB3,SB1,U3,W1,V1,U1,V2,V4,U4,U2,W2,W4,KM4,KM4,KM4,KM2,KM3,KM4,KH,KH,电路组成分析,KT1,KT2,KT1,KT1,KM2,KM3,KM2,KM3,KT2,KT1,KT2,28,L1L2L3,KM1,QS,FU1,FU2,KM2,KM1,低速,Y中速YY高速,KM3,KM3,KM2,KM3,KM1,KM1,KM2,SB4,KM1,KT2,SB2,SB3,SB1,U3,W1,V1,U1,V2,V4,U4,U2,W2,W4,KM4,KM4,KM4,KM2,KM3,KM4,低速启动运转:合上QS,按下SB1KM1线圈得电，KM1的所有触头动作，电动机得电低速启动运转,KT1,KT2,KT1,KT1,KM2,KM3,KM2,KM3,KT2,KT1,KT2,KH,KH,29,L1L2L3,KM1,QS,FU1,FU2,KM2,KM1,低速,Y中速YY高速,KM3,KM3,KM2,KM3,KM1,KM1,KM2,SB4,KM1,KT2,SB2,SB3,SB1,U3,W1,V1,U1,V2,V4,U4,U2,W2,W4,KM4,KM4,KM4,KM2,KM3,KM4,低速启动运转:松开SB1电动机继续低速运行,KT1,KT2,KT1,KT1,KM2,KM3,KM2,KM3,KT2,KT1,KT2,KH,KH,30,L1L2L3,KM1,QS,FU1,FU2,KM2,KM1,低速,Y中速YY高速,KM3,KM3,KM2,KM3,KM1,KM1,KM2,SB4,KM1,KT2,SB2,SB3,SB1,U3,W1,V1,U1,V2,V4,U4,U2,W2,W4,KM4,KM4,KM4,KM2,KM3,KM4,KH,KH,KT1,KT2,KT1,KT1,KM2,KM3,KM2,KM3,KT2,KT1,KT2,形低速启动Y形中速运转:按下SB2KT1线圈得电,31,L1L2L3,KM1,QS,FU1,FU2,KM2,KM1,低速,Y中速YY高速,KM3,KM3,KM2,KM3,KM1,KM1,KM2,SB4,KM1,KT2,SB2,SB3,SB1,U3,W1,V1,U1,V2,V4,U4,U2,W2,W4,KM4,KM4,KM4,KM2,KM3,KM4,KT1,KT2,KT1,KT1,KM2,KM3,KM2,KM3,KT2,KT1,KT2,形低速启动Y形中速运转:时间继电器瞬时闭合触头闭合KM1线圈得电,KH,KH,32,L1L2L3,KM1,QS,FU1,FU2,KM2,KM1,低速,Y中速YY高速,KM3,KM3,KM2,KM3,KM1,KM1,KM2,SB4,KM1,KT2,SB2,SB3,SB1,U3,W1,V1,U1,V2,V4,U4,U2,W2,W4,KM4,KM4,KM4,KM2,KM3,KM4,KT1,KT2,KT1,KT1,KM2,KM3,KM2,KM3,KT2,KT1,KT2,形低速启动运转Y形中速运转:KM1触头动作电动机低速启动松开SB2,KH,KH,33,L1L2L3,KM1,QS,FU1,FU2,KM2,KM1,低速,Y中速YY高速,KM3,KM3,KM2,KM3,KM1,KM1,KM2,SB4,KM1,KT2,SB2,SB3,SB1,U3,W1,V1,U1,V2,V4,U4,U2,W2,W4,KM4,KM4,KM4,KM2,KM3,KM4,KT1,KT2,KT1,KT1,KM2,KM3,KM2,KM3,KT2,KT1,KT2,形低速启动运转Y形中速运转:经KT1整定时间KT1延时断开触头分断,KM1线圈失电KT1延时闭合触头闭合,KM2线圈得电,KH,KH,34,L1L2L3,KM1,QS,FU1,FU2,KM2,KM1,低速,Y中速YY高速,KM3,KM3,KM2,KM3,KM1,KM1,KM2,SB4,KM1,KT2,SB2,SB3,SB1,U3,W1,V1,U1,V2,V4,U4,U2,W2,W4,KM4,KM4,KM4,KM2,KM3,KM4,KT1,KT2,KT1,KT1,KM2,KM3,KM2,KM3,KT2,KT1,KT2,形低速启动运转Y形中速运转:KM2触头动作电动机Y形联接,中速运行,KH,KH,35,L1L2L3,KM1,QS,FU1,FU2,KM2,KM1,低速,Y中速YY高速,KM3,KM3,KM2,KM3,KM1,KM1,KM2,SB4,KM1,KT2,SB2,SB3,SB1,U3,W1,V1,U1,V2,V4,U4,U2,W2,W4,KM4,KM4,KM4,KM2,KM3,KM4,YY高速运转：按下SB3KT2线圈得电,KT1,KT2,KT1,KT1,KM2,KM3,KM2,KM3,KT2,KT1,KT2,KH,KH,36,L1L2L3,KM1,QS,FU1,FU2,KM2,KM1,低速,Y中速YY高速,KM3,KM3,KM2,KM3,KM1,KM1,KM2,SB4,KM1,KT2,SB2,SB3,SB1,U3,W1,V1,U1,V2,V4,U4,U2,W2,W4,KM4,KM4,KM4,KM2,KM3,KM4,KT1,KT2,KT1,KT1,KM2,KM3,KM2,KM3,KT2,KT1,KT2,KT2瞬时触头闭合KT1线圈得电,KH,KH,37,L1L2L3,KM1,QS,FU1,FU2,KM2,KM1,低速,Y中速YY高速,KM3,KM3,KM2,KM3,KM1,KM1,KM2,SB4,KM1,KT2,SB2,SB3,SB1,U3,W1,V1,U1,V2,V4,U4,U2,W2,W4,KM4,KM4,KM4,KM2,KM3,KM4,KT1,KT2,KT1,KT1,KM2,KM3,KM2,KM3,KT2,KT1,KT2,KT1瞬时触头闭合KM1线圈得电,KH,KH,38,L1L2L3,KM1,QS,FU1,FU2,KM2,KM1,低速,Y中速YY高速,KM3,KM3,KM2,KM3,KM1,KM1,KM2,SB4,KM1,KT2,SB2,SB3,SB1,U3,W1,V1,U1,V2,V4,U4,U2,W2,W4,KM4,KM4,KM4,KM2,KM3,KM4,KT1,KT2,KT1,KT1,KM2,KM3,KM2,KM3,KT2,KT1,KT2,KM1触头动作形低速启动松开SB3,KH,KH,39,L1L2L3,KM1,QS,FU1,FU2,KM2,KM1,低速,Y中速YY高速,KM3,KM3,KM2,KM3,KM1,KM1,KM2,SB4,KM1,KT2,SB2,SB3,SB1,U3,W1,V1,U1,V2,V4,U4,U2,W2,W4,KM4,KM4,KM4,KM2,KM3,KM4,KT1,KT2,KT1,KT1,KM2,KM3,KM2,KM3,KT2,KT1,KT2,经KT1整定时间KT1延时断开触头分断,KM1线圈失电KT1延时闭合触头闭合,KM2线圈得电,KH,KH,40,L1L2L3,KM1,QS,FU1,FU2,KM2,KM1,低速,Y中速YY高速,KM3,KM3,KM2,KM3,KM1,KM1,KM2,SB4,KM1,K