高考英语单项选择题解题技巧课件.ppt

,PracticeandProgress,TechniquesUsedinMultipleChoice,单项填空题,高考题型专题复习,命题特征,解题技巧,专题练习,解题要素,命题要点,Multiplechoicecharacteristics,单项填空的命题特征,知识覆盖面广语境地位突出交际性原则明确试题题干新颖迷惑性较大灵活性较高,Multiplechoicecheckpoints,单项填空的命题要点,情景交际动词短语句子结构介词搭配连词、代词形容词、副词情态动词动词语态动词时态非谓语动词,EssentialFactorsinDoingMultipleChoice,分析句子结构,注重意群理解,单项填空的解题要素,一、分析句子结构句子结构复杂，迷惑性大，稍有疏忽，便会受到干扰项的干扰。解题时必须首先认清主要句子成份。,复杂句子解读的一般规律是,谓语,She,saw,宾语,thatherboss,Mr.Foss，wasdeadonthefloor.,WhenMissGreengottotheofficeearlyyesterdaymorning,，whoworksinabigcompany，,主语,状语,定语,找到主句及其谓语。,主句是复杂句中不带连接词的句子,WhenMrs.Green,whoworksinabigcompany,gottotheofficeyesterdaymorning,shesawthatherboss,Mr.Foss,wasdeadonthefloor.,WhenMrs.Green,whoworksinabigcompany,gottotheofficeyesterdaymorning,shesawthatherboss,Mr.Foss,wasdeadonthefloor.,主题（主语）TheoldEnglishteacher,内容（谓语）willgiveusatalk,内容修正（状语）whenheisfreenextweek,词义限定1（定语）whoretiredtenyearsago-TheoldEnglishteacher,词义限定2（定语）onhowtostudyEnglishwell-Atalk,TheoldEnglishteacherwhoretiredtenyearsagowillgiveusatalkonhowtostudyEnglishwellwhenheisfreenextweek.,分析句子结构的一般规律是1）找到主语确定信息主题2）找到谓语确定信息内容3）找到状语确定信息成立的条件4）找到定语以确定某个名词的准确意义解读复杂句子的一般规律是1）解读句子的关键是找到主句的谓语,主句是复杂句中不带连接词的句子。,二、注重意群理解groupmeaning意群在英语交际中表达一个词组一个句子或一个段落的完整的意义。各个意群是一个有机的整体，在意义上不能把里面的单词分割开来。,各个意群是一个有机的整体，在意义上不能把它们分割开来。如：,1.Jennyispleasantto_.A.sayB.speakC.talkD.talkto,D,2.Occasionsarequiterare_Ihavethetimetospendadaywithmykids.(08山东）A.WhoB.whichC.whyD.when,D,3.-Whomwouldyourather_withyou,MaryorJune?-_.A.go,NeitherB.havego,EitherC.havegone,EitherD.havetogo,Both,B,分析句子结构,注重意群理解,Remember,StrategiesUsedinMultipleChoice,解题策略：,把握语境信息,StrategyOne,把握语境题干中不明确标示解题关键信息，而是比较巧妙地隐含在句子中，稍不注意就会错选。,1.Hershoes_herdress;theylookverywelltogether.(08天津卷)A.suitB.fitC.compareD.match,不同的语境传达不同的信息,注意比较:,1.（原题）HasSamfinishedhishomeworktoday?Ihavenoidea.He_itthismorning.（NMET2004全国II）（改编）HasSamfinishedhishomeworktoday?Yes.He_itthismorning.A.didB.hasdoneC.wasdoingD.haddone,c,A,2.（原题）-WhichofthethreewaysshallItaketothevillage?-_wayasyouplease.(2004福建)（改编）-WhichofthetwowaysshallItaketothevillage?-_wayasyouplease.A.EachB.EveryC.AnyD.Either,D,C,以语境为切入点,认真思考。不放过任何细节，把握住题干里所隐藏的信息、关键词。,解题诀窍,还原或化简句子,StrategyTwo,还原或化简句子题干以省略句、疑问句、被动句、倒装句、强调句等形式，避开考生所熟悉的陈述句结构，从而加大难度。有时题干较长,加入了从句、插入语等修饰部分。,如：1.Whomwouldyouratherhave_withyou?A.togoB.goC.goneD.going,分析：测试的知识点是使役动词have的宾语补足语用动词原形表示将要发生的动作。havesb.dosth.,还原为：youwouldratherhavewhom_withyou.,一、将疑问句改成陈述句,1.Timeshouldbemadegooduseof_ourlessonswell.A.learningB.learnedC.tolearnD.learns,Weshouldmakegooduseoftime_ourlessonwell.,C,2.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered_thefirstcomputer.AtoinventBinventingCtohaveinventedDhavinginvented.,PeoplegenerallyconsideredCharlesBabbage_thefirstcomputer.,C,二、改被动句为主动句,1.Itwas_theoldclockthattheoldmanspentthewholemorningathomeArepairBrepairingCtorepairDinrepair,还原为：Theoldmanspentthewholemorning_theoldclockathome,三、强调句型还原成简单句式,whatlittleTomsaidtohismothersounded!AwhatreasonableBHowareasonableCHowreasonableDWhatareasonable,WhatlittleTomsaidtohismothersounded!很容易发现sound之后应接形容词作表语。,四、感叹句还原为陈述句,ThatwaswehadinLondon3yearsago!AwonderfultimeBawonderfultimeCwonderfulDwonderfully,可还原为：WehadawonderfultimeinLondon3yearsago。可看出该复合句中有一固定搭配hadawonderfultime（玩得愉快），定语从句中省略了关系代词that。,(that),五、固定短语还原,六、补充省略成分,1.-Whatmadeyousohappy?-_.A.Becauseofmypassingtheexam.B.Ipassedtheexam.C.BecauseIpassedtheexam.D.Mypassingtheexam.,(mademesohappy),3.Iftheweatherisfine,wellgo.If_,_.A.not,notB.no,noC.not,noD.no,not,Ifyoustudyhard,youllsucceed.Ifnot,not.,1.Hebelievesinhimself，_，inmyopinion,isofthemostimportanceAthatBwhichCwhatDAs2.Thewriter，whomIoftenrefertoatthemeetings,_famousforthoseworksAisBareCamDwere,(),B,七、去掉插入语、分词结构、从句等,A,(,),将不熟悉的疑问句，倒装句，被动句，强调句等还原为熟悉的陈述句；也可将残缺的部分补出或将插入语等多余的部分删除。,解题决窍,克服思维定势,StrategyThree,克服思维定势利用思维定势的影响设计的题目是最容易让我们上当的题目。因为我们背记了许多语法规则，词汇，词的固定搭配和句子结构等，做题时只注意这些熟悉的语法规则，结构和局部固定搭配，往往在没有完全弄清整个题干意思是就作出了选择，结果当然出错。例如：,解析容易误认为是考查spendsometime(in)doingsth结构而选A，忽视了waitingfor这一部分。正确答案应是D。lockedinyourroom在句子里作方式状语，“（我）被锁在你的房间里等侯”。,1.Iwillspendawholeevening_inyourroomwaitingforthethieftoarrive.A.lockingB.inlockingC.beinglockedD.locked,2.Thecountrylifehewasusedto_greatlysince1992.(2005山东卷)A.changeB.haschangedC.changingD.havechanged,解析易受sbbeusedtodoing的影响而误选C。根据句意和结构可知,hewasusedto为定语从句，修饰先行词thecountrylife。此空格应填谓语动词。,正确分析句子结构，正确理解意群，避免定势思维。在学习过程中，尤其是复习阶段，我们应就一些常见的、重要的词、词组及句型加以反复训练，以加深印象，以避免思维定势的干扰。,解题决窍：,熟悉英语文化,克服母语干扰,StrategyFour,英汉在表达习惯，思维方式等方面具有很多不同，出题者常利用汉英差异出题。,克服母语干扰,注意：英汉在表达习惯，思维方式等方面具有很多不同，出题者常利用汉英差异出题。,1.-Itsgettinglate.ImafraidImustbegoingnow.(2004全国）-OK._A.Takeiteasy.B.Goslowly.C.Staylonger.D.Seeyou.,2.-IamafraidIcantreturnthebooktoyoubeforeFriday.(2008重庆卷)-_.A.DontafraidB.BecarefulC.NotatallD.Takeyourtime,Illcometoseeyouif_.A.youreconvenientB.itisconvenientforyouC.youfeelconvenientD.itisconvenientwithyou,Hewantstomovehouse,becausehehatesthe_here.A.crowdedtrafficB.crowdedtrafficsC.busytrafficD.busytraffics,3.“如果你方便的话”说成英语是ifyouareconvenient吗?,4.“交通拥挤”的英语是crowdedtraffic吗?,留心英汉表达差异,平时要多读多比较多归纳，用英语思维，避免Chinglish。,解题诀窍：,注重标点符号和连词提示,StrategyFive,标点符号或连词往往决定句子后半部分的句子成份。,标点符号，连词,Tomhasmanyfriends;_canhelphim.A.fewofwhichB.fewofwhomC.fewofthatD.fewofthem,Imetseveralpeoplethere,twoof_beingforeigners.A.whomB.themC.whoD.which,2.Imetseveralpeoplethere,twoof_wereforeigners.A.whomB.themC.whoD.which,1.ThegrowingspeedofaplantisinfluencedbyaNumberoffactors,_arebeyondourcontrol.(08湖南)A.mostofthemB.mostofwhichC.mo