未来机械制造业发展战略机械类外文翻译、中英文翻译、外文文献翻译

附录 A The approaching inflexible manufacturing industry is developed the strategy 1Introduction The inflexible manufacturing industry development always depenies on the technique progress to the entire community ， Moreover with this the development that act as the boundary line to divide into the difference age.First of all is electric power age ， Is living this perioc ， The inflexible manufacturing industry achieves electrifys and the automation ； At the same time ， Being living , the rule is processed （ CM） In immediate future traditional process （ TM） On the base ， But develop the special process （ NTM） In immediate future the non- tradition is processed （ UTM） .Was afterwards information age ， First electron calculating machine preparees the success through the world in 1946 ， Mark the beginning of information age ， Is living this perioc ， The inflexible manufacturing industry had ariseed much kinds of tabrication patterns to be attend school with ruing ， In immediate future ：Digital control （ NC） ,Process heart （ MC） ,Group technology （ GT） ,Computer-aided design （ CAD） ,Computer-aided tabrication （ CAM） ,Computer-aided technological design （ CAPP） ,The calculating machine integration is manufacture （ CIM） ,Parallel project （ CE） ,The picked profit is gived birth to （ LP） ,Quickly manufacture （ AM） ,Fictitious tabrication （ VM） Await .The fresh technique is living the application in the manufacturing industry ， Cause to be called by people “Evening sun property ”The inflexible manufacturing industry continuously springs up fresh wish ， Call out the vitality newly deliver .At first through “Scale mould ”,“Cost mould ”Reach “Quality mould ”， Reach again now “Fast response mould ”Opening up before ones eyes such invariably adapts to the contest in marketplace ， Seeking survival keeps ,Request the vigorous lease of life of development . Revolveing round act as the fresh product development of purpose together with vies actually in order to meet the personality demand ， One with is greatly manufacture ,Full process ,Much branches of learning surging forward with great momentumly unfold in the interest of the fresh manufacturing industry revolution of feature .This is two National day century the information economy gets off manufacturing industry tendency in fresh age ， The at the same time such approaching development continue orientation is also indicateing Whole worldization,Messageization ,Intelligentization . 2Integration idea Spirit of manufacturing industry 2.1 That integration idea is living in the manufacturing industry develops the course Mention “Integration ”， Think CIMS certainly （ Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems） . As achieve “Integration ”Actual system of philosophy ， Takes the computer utility as the core ， Support tabrication process every segment ， Is the information technology is living the manufacturing industry usies development high-quality phase .May talking CIMS is that integration idea is living the concrete embodiment in the manufacturing industry. The CIMS approximately attends school and proposes to the 70s ， Being living , the 80s may use the swift development .At first become the feature with the information set .Perioc ， CAD,CAM,The flexible is manufacture the system （ FMS） ,CAPP,The tabrication resources are programmed （ MRP ） Await to obtain the wide-ranging application .Go into the 90s ， The fresh product renewals cycle cuts down increasingly ； Price performance work stop popularization of Lian Gaos ；Speedup the swift development that the fresh product were opened up the package of software ， Causes CIMS goed into takes the process integration as the feature fresh phase .Such marked sign is a parallel project CE .It requires the fresh produce to start ， Design ,Technology ,The production control all intervenes in it ，Synchronism is underway .The more concrete substance of relevant this respect shall be do in the following and elaborate further . Fresh century comes ， Back that business integration CIMS is achieves quickly manufacturing AM （ Agile Manufacturing） Demand .Quickly manufacturing the business more parallel project tabrication business possess developing further ， Still more emphasize that the business forms an alliance .Discover not to make by self when quickly reacting when once ， Be able to be by means of the message road at a high speed （ Internet） The plant subnet carries on working together with else business 2.2 Some famous business statistics datums in home and abroad of next by means of lists ， Future exhibition integration idea adjust the tremendous effect that the manufacturing industry was come into being . 2.2.1The external business usies the beneficial result of CIMS Be living in 1985 for a long time ， The American academy of sciences is living to the U.S. , and CIMSs respect is in leading position five corporatioies Barley gram Tang Nadao draws this airplane corporation by the squares formed by crossed lines,Guide your tractor corporation ,Current motor vehicle corporation ,English squares formed by crossed lines larges rope your the miller corporation has carried on investigation and analysis with the Xi Wu corporation ， Think to adopt CIMS may obtain the below beneficial result ： 1） The produce quality is liftd 200% 500% 2） The production efficiency is liftd 40% 70% 3） The installation utilization ratio is liftd 200% 300% 4） The production cycle cuts down 30% 60% 5） The goods being living decrease 30% 60% 6） The engineering designation expense decreases 15% 30% 7） The labour power expense decreases 5% 20% 8） Lift the work capability 300% of engineer 3500% Japan adjust the beneficial result of CIMS and also actes the investigation ， The coherent plant of wealthy armyman of Japan is after 1 1.5Year the examination thinks such beneficial result against the analysis ： 1） The production efficiency is liftd 60% 2） Immediate productivity is liftd 2 -fold 3） Giving birth to personnel staffs expense decreases 50% 4） The stock capital decreases 30% 60% 5） 2.2.2The domestic business usies the beneficial result of CIMS It is 10 years close that our country implements 863/s CIMSs application demonstration project ， Implement the CIMS business ， Reach the large enterprise through the middle and small business ， All be able to be through CIMS and in the correlation technique obtain obvious economic results and the community beneficial result . Chengdu airplane limited company 1） The barley road nose production cycle cuts down 100% 2） The military plan wholesale production cycle cuts down 25% 3） Complex composition spare lifts 10 at production efficiency 100-fold 4） The stock decreases 10% 5） Obtain the mordent 757 tails Duan Zengs order form of 100 million Americans No tin might believes in the circle 1） The sheme is drawed up 1 2d15min 2） The fresh product developments cycle cuts down 30% 50% 3） The manufacture preparatory period cuts down 50% 60% 4） 96Year compresses reserves 1000 thousand yuan of capital 5） 97Year cuts down by 1300 thousand yuan of manufacturing cost 6） The organization puies into practice flatization and practises thrift personnel Polarized coil mill in Xianyong （ 890Man ） 1） That the wear and tear cuts down by 33% is anticipateed that by the matter 2） Decreasing reserves the capital 30% 50% 3） That the competent rate lifts 100% is send examineing that by the produce 4） The product development cycle cuts down 200% 5） Li Shui rises by 1.4 -fold Through the past the century integration idea in being living the manufacturing industry develops the course and reaches the beneficial result brought to the manufacturing industry ， Cause us understand ， It is little of the process heart to manufacture more and more to part from not turns on already integration idea that takes the well-developed technique as support ， Reach an enterprise group greatly ，Integration idea is being seepd to invariably .“Integration ”Meaning simplifies ， Very hard visualize ， One there is not the integration idea business ， How it shall adapt to is vieed gradually the intense economic wave at present actually .May talk ， Integration idea Spirit of manufacturing industry .But also ， The development in the days to come also shall be the fundamental thinking with integration idea , 3Well-developed technique Motivity of manufacturing industry Relate as the head ， Inflexible manufacturing industry therefore can develop is big ， Intense to the gradually marketplace contest of profit provokes secondly ，Well-developed technique support together with promotion .We realize that the entire luck of manufacturing industry as the astrategicdecisionProductdesignTechnologicaldesign ,Manufacturprocess,Sale ,Much segments such as after-sale service and so on.The well-developed manufacture technique setup too embodyed the administration technique,Design technique ,Respects such as manufacture technique and so on .The next through manufactures the process segment is begined with ， Well-developed technique is living , and application in in it the key segment along with they development acing as to adapt to approaching manufacturing industry demand but requires tendency continuously innovateing unfolds expounding. 3.1 Manufacture the process segment The well-developed cutting action process technology that strides across the century is briefly sit up to be ： Ultrahigh speed ,Super great amount of feeding is processed ； Single composite process ； Unusual kind of stuff is processed moreover ；Hard cutting action miaterials processing along with the trunk style is cut .These technique relate to machine tool installation ,Cutting tool awaits. 3.1.1Machine tool installation It is far-reaching that machine tool installation possess twice qualitative development senses to the contemporary manufacturing industry of leap ： It once is the APT extensive use ； Another quite right miller at a high speed tradeization. Early phase the person who employs the oneboard computer either oneboard computer control system shall be baseded on that the numerical control system of PC substitutes gradually ， The application of APT meaies CAM has goed into the actual application phase.Succeed after the APT ， In the interest of adapts to the contemporary manufacturing industry development demand ， The miller at a high speed had ariseed.Should talk ， It is “Machine ”,“Electron ”“Stuff ”And so on much branches of learning technique development crystal .Say to the summary ， Such key technique consists of the main shaft cell at a high speed,Move forward greatly to the drive system,High-capacity digital control system,Cutting tool system at a high speed,The machine tool bears against assists the cell . Miller at a high speed emergence ， Bring the fresh thinking to the technological design ： No matter being according to put in order the technology course ，Nevertheless adjusting hard cuts the stuff ,Thin wall spare parts knowledge ，Wholly there is the qualitative difference against tradition technology ， Accord with the contemporary manufacturing industry more furthermore “Hurry up ” Character distinguishing feature right on sbs head.It is the forceful support to the well-developed cutting action process technology. In the days to come ， Machine tool development tendency ： 1） It yet is the high-speed cutting ， As to stiff turning,Milling arbitrarily also will establish in the high-speed cutting base above ； 2） IT（ Information technology ） Unite against the machine tool.At the moment ， World calculating machine , The electric network is developed swiftly.The American Chicago manufacture technique exhibition of 2000 September is living （ IMTS2000） And the international machine tool of Japan develops （ 20JIMTOF）On ， One of the significant distinguishing feature that the development starts to become exhibition that IT against the machine unites.Fresh century ， ITs application shall be more wide-ranging ， Is that it is different exact to have ariseed muchly,High efficiency,The small-size machine tool of tall automation is correspondd in the interest of process,Electron,Medical treatment ,The small-size spare parts of produces such as war industry and so on are served ； Secondly the machine tool in control,Monitoring,Diagnosis ,Compensation ,Meritorous service capacitys such as regulation and so on ， Lifing the machine tool , nobody is dissolve,Intelligentization ,Level of integrationization ； Three are utilizing ITs electric network by machine tool together with a section of a construction project,Workshop ,Plant ,The touchs such as the outside world data bank and so on are sit up ， The advance side by side one-step is achieved the administration,Management,Sale ,Serve and so on various sides electric networkization .Be living 21 centuries ， The IT shall become the primary tidal current of machine tool development ； 3 ） Develop further Gao Jing,High efficiency ,Tall automation ,Make varied ,Forming a complete set ,Integrationization ， The nano technology shall possess breakthrough to make progress,Guarranteing continuously lifts the accuracy ,Dependability ,Stability ,Enduring quality ， Is that the effectiveness is processed in the raise ,Base of automation degree .Be living in the 80s 20 centuries 90Years ， Brief raise of process heart fix accuracy is one -fold ， Follow 0.01The Mm universally lifts 5m， Some have attained 3m 1m.Be living 21 centuries ， Be living to guarrantee on the accuracy base ， Continuously lift the effectiveness （ In case much antithetical couplets stir ， Multiple bearing ， Gurrantee the large spare parts as far as possible ， Once packing the clip is completeed ；compositeization in immediate future multiplex kind anthology is to all over the body.Besides ， In the wake of adjust the components small scaleization .Precisely dissolve .Light quantification continuously demand ， The nano technology is living the swift development.At the moment ， Some non- sphere spare parts are processed the exact lathe ， The main shaft flaps , and the pendulum has attained under the 10nm .ULG-100C that Japan opens up （ H3） The mould exceedes the precisely non- sphere and processes the engine ， X， Y， Zs shaft removing amount is different in the interest of 300mm shaft graduation capability 0.0001.X， Y， Zs shaft is dominateeed the resolution and is attained 1nm. 4） The save energy environmental protection technique is utilized up the machine tool territory .ology,Fresh stuff ,Fresh composition,Fresh element ， Along with different necessary base unit components,Measurement,Cutting tool ,That the annex awaits shall continuously innovate. 3.1.2Cutting tool The technique that haves something to do with against the cutting tool c hiefly is cutting mechanism and stuff .Cutting tool cutting action means and form shape are resolved to cutting action mechanism.The stuff is resolved the cutting action performance the cutting action mechanism prerequisite surely below.Cutting action mechanism respect ， Except for the rule bus,Mill,Planer,Millstone ,The string cuts ，At the moment ， But having ariseed water cuts,Laser cuts .Particularly the laser cuts ， It is the new process technology that the swift development is at present sit up Fast forming foundation stone.Cutting tool stuff respect ： Exceed carefully the glittering hard metal ,Diamond blanket hard metal ,Nanometer glittering ceramics ,Exceeding carefully , the glittering cermet reaches such blanket,Cube nitrogenize boron awaits to oapplication .Ceramics and the cube nitrogenize boron multiple use is to turning ； Hard metal and the diamond blanket hard metal multiple use to is milled . Cut in the days to come the process technology distinguishing feature ： Ultrahigh speed,Super great amount of feeding is processed ； Hard cutting action miaterials processing along with the trunk style is cut .It is natural ， Being used stiff turning razor blade and the high velocity mill entirety to set up milling cutter stuff research ought to be developing the orientation .But the cutting action mechanism respect is living ， The fresh territory ought to be stressly opened up.Coming into being of fresh cutting action mechanism ， Frequently be able to come into being the antithetical couplet stirs the effect.In case the person who cuts comes into being laser ， Spur on the fast forming technique development. 3.2 The well-developed technique is living macroscopic respect of the manufacturing industry application Be living here ， We do not want to the product design ,The technological design awaits that concrete fresh technique of every the segment application actes the discussion too many .We alone in join through them the segment to reach to complete every segment process and may sufficiently know from experience the well-developed technique action that to be living in the manufacturing industry what kind significant .It is being information technology development together with application ， Cause that the manufacturing industry was come into being the revolutionary character change.This kind of change is that the serial through the tradition is transporied acting as the pattern to transport to the contemporary parallel transforing as the pattern.CE,LP,The AM awaits to relate to the technique,Business administration system fresh is approximately attend school ， Moreover emphasize man,Technique together with management integration ， Cause personnel staffs orgnization and administration,Mission is distributed ,Work harmonization ,Message exchange ,The design data awaits that happenning fundamentality changes against the resource sharing .Why stressly talk about the parallel project here ， Is for saying on the viewpoint ， It still more accords with “Fast response ”Demand ； Say on the technique ， Now the calculating machine technique,The information technology awaits and speedily develops ， Back forcefully in the interest of such constitutes . It is the parallel project core that the parallel is designed ， Such substance consists of ： 1） Process reconfiguration ： The serial product development pattern through the tradition transforms into the integration ,Parallel product development pattern ， The demand that causes in the downsteam design process is feedbacked to the relevant process as soon as possible ； 2） Digitization produce definition ： Consist of digitization produce pattern and the administration ,Digitization process defini administration ,Digitization means definition and message integration ， In case DFQ,DFA,DFM,CAD/CAE/CAMs integration awaits ； 3） Product development troops reconfigurations ： Shall be traditional takes the meritorous service capacity department as the thread product design ， Revising takes the produce as the thread ， Integrated product development corps of organisation multi-purpose ， Carrying on the produce parallelly opens up ； 4） Cooperation work environment ： Use multi-medium ,Technique such as electric network and so on ， The organisation harmonizes the work environment ，The support is parallelly designed . The parallel is designed as one kind of design “Philosophy ”， Much branches of learning idea and the technique integration should be be supposed to .In the days to come ， Shall main below several respects being living develop ： 1） Fictitiousization of product design ,Integrationization Fictitious product development ； 2 ） Product design electric networkization,Quickly dissolve Based on fictitious business product development ； 3） Product design individualization ,Quickly dissolve Large scale is customize . Each qualitative leap of manufacturing industry is dependent on technological penetration to every branch of learning invariably .Calculating machine technique ,Electric network together with news dispatch technique,Fresh stuff technique ， Even to the extent that osmosis get in by every opening to traditional manufacturing industry of living beings technique ， Cause traditional manufacturing industry overflowing with vigour ， Causes intelligence and the manufacturing industry of tabrication person capability breachs the tradition time,Room and viewpoint is bindd up speedily developing .This effect to the manufacturing industry of technique well-developed quite right . 4 Administration pattern in good time Open the manufacturing industry driving force fountainhead catalytic agent In case the well-developed manufacture technique is not matched somebody with somebody with the timely administration pattern ， The beneficial result is not come out not comes equally Someone has counted ， The administration pattern in good time be able to be brought a few -fold to the business ， Even to the extent that tens -fold the beneficial result. The energetic action of administration originates its timely alternation .21Century the manufacturing industry orgnization and administration distinguishing feature shall possess changing as follows ： 1)Through takes the technique as the heart to the technique drive ， Man transforms in the interest of the heart ； 2)The multi-level production control composition through the pyramid style transforms to the flat network architecture ； 3)The sequential work means through the tradition transforms to the parallel work means ； 4)What it is through divide the department according to the meritorous service fixs the form of organization to the developments admittedly ,Acting on o nes own , administration group work form of organization transforms ； 5） Through the quality first vieing the tactics is actually answered to the marketplace,Velocity first ， And then to the produce innovates first vies the tactics actually to transform. The administration pattern is in good time embodying below fresh idea and fresh means ： Electric network organisation composition ,Fictitious business ,The view is evaluated in the fresh tabrication investment ,Fresh quality assurance setup ,Weighty series of project awaits with man as a result of the project .These fresh idea is innovate with the fresh means so as to to resolve the organisation,It is the core problem that awaits to resolve that high quality a talented person fosters to facilitate tabrication resources the well-developed manufacture pattern such as effectively integrated speedily and so on with how.The produce raisied as far as takeing the top is innovate ， The business have to draw up out one suit the integrated,Practicable operation system ， Futurely adapt to the contemporary manufacturing industry development demand. 5Produce innovation Faucet of manufacturing industry It is pretty ,Day,Developed countries such as morals and so on ， Why they manufacturing industry be able to be living is lead on the world ， The first is that such fresh produce continuously springs up ， Moreover seize best portion of some territorys .Be living in these countrys ， Even if there being the strength business most ， Such misery is conscious of also very thickly.First-rate significant matter of produce innovation as such.As is known to all ， After the building of half century ，It is the largesttest property of China that China machine is manufacture already .Industry total output value,The figure of Li Shuis gross amount with workers and staff members man all is nationwide industry 1/5 1/4， The value of output is next to pretty,Day,Morals,Law ， Dwell the world the 5th.The inflexible manufacturing industry kind of China is completely ， Have 14 great professions ， 145Little profession ， 4More than ten thousand businesss ， 6More than ten thousand straiies.Yet ， Since over a long period of time because of the planned economy effect ， The produce innovation capability is extremely weak.Hence ， Be living in more than 6 thousand straiies ， The grade lets drop in very bestly acing as the whole world marketplace,Technique content and produce that attached value is lower ， A lot superior quality produce either blank space either does not possess the contest capability of international market .For instance ， Several cars being living are construct in the item ， Home-made outfit is merely seizied 30 of general outfit value Left and right sides ， Some are importantly fitted out and completely are dependent on the import some industry departments .The more grave is ， Such import had been one transmigration the earth with per 10 years and had been living to go on .Pass through appearance ， In reality this is the produce innovation problem 21Century inflexible manufacturing industry of China what is confronted with the largesttest task . In view of this problem ， It is main through the viewpoint,The respect such as system and mechanism and means and so on is put ones hand to resolving ： 1） Have to establish the market economy term below ， Whether possesing the produce innovation capability is affecting first-rate great problem of a business life or death viewpoint .Is living at present produce existence cycle below the person who cuts down increasingly the situation ， The produce is innovate not to be the affair accomplished the whole task at one stroke ， But task that is perpetual .Manufacture a generation have to be puied into practice ， Open up next generation ， It is 2 generations second as the advanced research ,The development strategy of second three generations 2） Intelligence and wisdom and the quality of our country engineers and technicians is as good as competitor of external ， Over a long period of time be living below bygone system and the mechanism only ， Be subjected to repressing .For this reason ， Not resolving establishment capacity utmost shifts system and the mechanism to open up personnel staffs initiative ， Piece produce innovation is difficult to becomes actuality . 3） In means ： First of all through digests to suck up introduce from elsewhere the produce to put ones hand to .Next ward off the way in addition ， Overstep adversary .The freshest fruit with else kind branches of learning of high and new technique territory widely suck up ， Integration ,Transforms in the interest of self ；Not confine to now available mechanism and rule ， In order to leap over a generation either some generations rather than take the place of the means following the tracks of adversary to innovate with one by one purely .Raise once by the way here ， At the moment very prevalent way of saying a thing is name dacting as “Green design ” ,“Green is manufacture ”， That natural manufacture is come out too is “Green produce ”.Here “It is green ”It not the only one is the environmental protection idea ，But is the synthetical target of various sides ， Consising of the produce innovates.Good produce of such three organisation Combination which pestle ， The international resources ought to be sufficiently utilized moreover . As to the country ， Pay special attention to several great items ， In case motor vehicle ,News dispatch awaits ， Such produce grade ,Technique content go up with attaching value ， Add the contest force that such is living in the world market certainly enormously ， Only staring out several noted brands ， Be able to spur on the swift development of entire country manufacturing industry.In short ， Whether . or being the developed country ， Nevertheless underdeveloped country ， Wholly first of all resolve the good produce innovation problem ， Produce innovation Faucet of manufacturing industry. 6 Concluding remarks Newly confronts century ， The favourable circumstances coexists against challenge ， The inflexible manufacturing industry merely one another unites against the well-developed technique ， Continuously come out the product,Quality goods ，Is wealthy vitality . Look ahead 21 cen Integrationization,Electric networkization, Digitization ,Fictitiousization along with intelligentization are revising the tradition manufacturing the system ， Causes it becomeinformationage,Information economy age the well-developed the mainest substance to manufacture the system .Except for this ， Fresh cutting action mechanism ,Fresh stuff along with against such one another homologous respect such as composition and technology and so on also be able to possess the great development .Calculating machine is living ,The professions such as news dispatch and so on becomes people chases the heatpoint today ， May believe in ， One with artificially originally ， Takes the produce innovation as the faucet ，Takes the well-developed technique as the support ， With the whole worldization ,Messageization,The intelligentization is the inflexible manufacturing industry of development orientation be able to the flourishing development . 附录 B 未来机械制造业发展战略 引言 机械制造业的发展总是依托于整个社会的技术进步，并以此为界线划分为不同的发展时代 .首先是电力时代，在此期间，机械制造业实现了电气化和自动化；同时，在常规加工（ CM）即传统加工（ TM）的基础上，又发展了特种加工（ NTM）即非传统加工（ UTM） .后来是信息时代，从 1946 年世界上第一台电子计算机研制成功，标志着信息时代的开始，在此期间，机械制造业出现了多种制造模式和理念，即：数控（ NC）、加工中心（ MC）、成组技术（ GT）、计算机辅助设计（ CAD）、计算机辅 助制造（ CAM）、计算机辅助工艺设计（ CAPP）、计算机集成制造（ CIM）、并行工程（ CE）、精益生产（ LP）、敏捷制造（ AM）、虚拟制造（ VM）等 .新技术在制造业中的应用，使得被人们称作 “夕阳产业 ”的机械制造业不断涌现新的希望，唤发新的活力 .从起初 “规模型 ”、 “成本型 ”到 “质量型 ”，再到现在的 “快速响应型 ”无不展示其适应市场竞争，求生存、求发展的勃勃生机 . 围绕着以满足个性需求为宗旨的新产品开发与竟争，一场以大制造、全过程、多学科为特征的新的制造业革命正波澜壮阔地展开 .这是二十一世纪知识经济新时 代下制造业的趋势，同时也预示着其未来的可持续发展方向 全球化、信息化、智能化 . 2 集成化思想 制造业之灵魂 2.1 集成化思想在制造业中发展历程 提到 “集成 ”，自然想到 CIMS（ Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems） .作为实现 “集成 ”哲理的实际系统，以计算机应用为核心，支持制造过程各个环节，是信息技术在制造业应用发展的高级阶段 .可以说 CIMS 是集成化思想在制造业中的具体体现 . CIMS 概念提出于 70 年代，在 80 年代得以应用并迅速发展起来 .起初是以信息集成为特征的 .期间， CAD、 CAM、柔性制造系统（ FMS）、 CAPP、制造资源计划（ MRP ）等得到了广泛的应用 .进入 90 年代，新品更新周期日益缩短；价廉高性能工作站的普及；加速新品开发软件包的迅速发展，使 CIMS 进入了以过程集成为特征的新阶段 .其显著标志就是并行工程 CE.它要求新产品一开始，设计、工艺、生产管理均介入其中，同步进行 .有关这方面更具体的内容将在下面做进一步阐述 . 新世纪的来临，支持企业集成的 CIMS 是实现敏捷制造 AM（ Agile Manufacturing）的要求 .敏捷 制造企业较并行工程的制造企业有了进一步发展，更强调企业结盟 .当一旦发现单独不能作出敏捷反应时，能通过高速信息公路（ Internet）的工厂子网和其它企业进行合作，从组织跨企业的开发组到动态联合公司，来对机遇作出快速响应 2.2 集成化思想给制造业带来的效益 下面通过列出国内外一些著名企业的统计资料，来展示集成化思想对制造业所产生的巨大影响 . 2.2.1 国外企业应用 CIMS 的效益 早在 1985 年，美国科学院就对美国在 CIMS 方面处于领先地位的五个公司 麦克唐纳道格拉斯飞机公司、迪尔拖拉机 公司、通用汽车公司、英格索尔铣床公司和西屋公司进行了调查和分析，认为采用 CIMS 可以获得以下效益： 1）产品质量提高 200% 500% 2）生产效率提高 40% 70% 3）设备利用率提高 200% 300% 4）生产周期缩短 30% 60% 5）在制品减少 30% 60% 6）工程设计费减少 15% 30% 7）人力费用减少 5% 20% 8）提高工程师的工作能力 300% 3500% 日本对 CIMS 的效益也做了调 查，日本富士通一家工厂经过 1 1.5 年的考查与分析认为其效益： 1）生产效率提高 60% 2）直接生产率提高 2 倍 3）生产人员费用减少 50% 4）库存资金减少 30% 60% 5）废品率降低到原来的 2.2.2 国内企业应用 CIMS 的效益 我国实施 863/ CIMS 应用示范工程近 10 年来，实施 CIMS 企业，从中小企业到大型企业，均能从 CIMS 及相关技术中获得明显的经济效益和社会效益 成都飞机有限公司 1）麦道机 头生产周期缩短 100% 2）军机批生产周期缩短 25% 3）复杂结构件生产效率提高 10 100 倍 4）库存减少 10% 5）获得 1 亿美元的波音 757 尾段增定单 无锡威孚集团 1）计划编制 1 2d15min 2）新品开发周期缩短 30% 50% 3）生产准备周期缩短 50% 60% 4） 96 年压缩库存资金 1000 万元 5） 97 年降低生产成本 1300 万元 6）机构实行扁平化节约人员 DW400 余人 咸阳偏转线圈厂（ 890 人） 1）物料损耗降低 33% 2）减少库存资金 30% 50% 3）产品送检合格率提高 100% 4）产品开发周期缩短 200% 5）利税增长 1.4 倍 从过去的一个世纪集成化思想在制造业中发展历程及给制造业带来的效益，使我们认识到，制造业已越来越离不开以先进技术为支持的集成化思想 .小到一个加工中心，大到一个企业集团，方方面面无不渗透着集成化思想 .“集成 ”就意味着精简，很难想象，一个没有集成化思想的企业，它将如 何适应当今竟争日趋激烈的经济浪潮 .可以说，集成化思想 制造业之灵魂 .而且，今后的发展也将以集成化思想为基本思路 3 先进技术 制造业之原动力 正如前面所述，机械制造业所以能够发展壮大，得益于日趋激烈的市场竞争刺激下，先进技术的支持与推动 .我们知道制造业整个运作过程包括产品决策、产品设计、工艺设计、制造加工、销售、售后服务等诸多环节 .先进制造技术体系亦包含了管理技术、设计技术、制造技术等方面 .下面从制造加工环节入手，就先进技术在其中关键环节上的应用以及它们为适应未来制造业发展要求而需不断创新的趋 势展开论述 3.1 制造加工环节 跨世纪的先进切削加工技术概括起来就是：超高速、超大进给量加工；单轴复合加工；异种材料同时加工；难切削材料加工以及干式切削 .这些技术涉及机床设备、刀具等 3.1.1 机床设备 机床设备有两次质的飞跃对现代制造业的发展意义深远：一次就是数控机床的广泛应用；另一次就是高速铣床的商业化 . 早期使用的单板机或单片机控制系统将逐步被基于 PC 的数控系统所取代，数控机床的应用意味着 CAM 已进入实际应用阶段 .继数控机床之后，为适应现代制造业发展需求，高速 铣床出现了 .应该说，它是 “机械 ”、 “电子 ”“材料 ”等多学科技术发展的结晶 .概括地讲，其关键技术包括高速主轴单元、大进给驱动系统、大容量数字控制系统、高速刀具系统、机床支承与辅助单元 . 高速铣床的出现，给工艺设计带来新的思路：无论是按排工艺路线，还是对难切削材料、薄壁零件的认识，都与传统工艺有着质的不同，更加符合现代制造业 “快 ” 字当头的特点 .是对先进切削加工技术的有力支持 . 今后，机床发展趋势： 1) 仍然是高速切削，至于硬车削、硬铣削也要建立在高速切削基础之上； 2） IT（信息技术） 与机床结合 .目前，世界计算机、网络发展迅速 .在 2000年 9 月美国芝加哥制造技术展（ IMTS2000）和日本国际机床发展（ 20JIMTOF）上， IT 与机床结合的发展已开始成为展览会的重要特色之一 .新世纪， IT应用将更加广泛，一是将出现许多各种精密、高效、高自动化小型机床为加工通信、电子、医疗、军工等产品小型零件服务；二是机床本身更加广泛使用 IT 技术，实现控制、监视、诊断、补偿、调整等功能，提高机床无人化、智能化、集成化之水平；三是利用 IT 网络将机床与工段、车间、工厂、外界数据库等联系起来