外文翻译--刀具

Tool Purpose Upon completion of this unit, students will be able to: * Rough and explain the difference between finishing. * Choose the appropriate tool for roughing or finishing of special materials and processing. * Recognition Tool Cutting part of the standard elements and perspective. * The right to protect the cutter blade. * List of three most widely used tool material. * Description of each of the most widely used knives made of the material and its processing of Applications. * Space and inclination to understand the definition. * Grinding different tools, plus the principle of space and inclination. * To identify different forms of space and the inclination to choose the application of each form. The main points of knowledge: Rough-finished alloy steel casting material Scattered surplus carbide ceramic materials (junction of the oxide) Tool With a chip breaking the surface roughness of the D-cutter knives diamonds After Kok flank behind the standard point of (former) angle off-chip Side front-side appearance and the outline of the former Kok (I. Kok) Grinding carbon tool steel front-fast finishing horn of rigid steel Double or multiple-side flank before the dip angle oblique angle Surface-radius Slice root for curling Rough and finishing tool Cutting speed only in the surface roughness not required when it is not important. Rough the most important thing is to remove the excess material scattered. Only in surface roughness of the finishing time is important. Unlike rough, finishing the slow processing speed. Chip off with the D-knives, better than the standard point of knives, in Figure 9-10 A, is designed for cutting depth and design, for example, a 5 / 16-inch box cutter blade of the maximum depth of cut 5 / 16 inches, and an 8 mm square block will be cutting knives Corner to 8 mm deep, this tool will be very fast Corner block removal of surplus metal. Slice merits of the deal with that, in a small blade was close thinning. This tool is also a very good finishing tool. But please do not confuse the thin band Tool and Tool-off crumbs. A chip-off is actually counter-productive tool to cut off the chip flakes. And the standard tool of the Corner, compared with chip breaking tool for the Corner is in its on and get grooving, Figure 9-10 B. This tool generally used to block the Corner of rough finishing. While this tool Corner blocks have sufficient strength to carry out deep cut, but the longer the chip will cut off the plane around after shedding a lot of accumulation. Chip is so because the tangles and sharp, and the operator is a dangerous, so this is a chip from the need to address the problem. Double, or triple the speed of the feed will help to resolve, but this will require greater horsepower and still easily chip very long. Because of the slow processing, however, this action will be a good tool but also because of the small root radius of the processing will be a smooth surface. Especially when processing grey cast iron especially. Cutting Tools appearance Appearance, sometimes called the contour of the floor plan is where you see the vision or the top down or look at the surface. Figure 9-11 illustrate some of the most common form, those who could be on the cutting tools and grinding out successfully be used. National Standards in its thread-cutting tool on a tiny plane can be as GB thread, the Anglo-American unity and international standards screw threads. A special tool to outline the thread of the plane is to be ground into the correct size. Tools Corner fixed Corner to a number of knives around the 15 degree angle while the other knives and cutting of the straight. When the mill in Figure 9-12 A and 9-12 B, for example by the space and the inclination, these must factor into consideration in the review. Figure 9-12 B Tool Corner block the angle is zero, compared with 9-12 A map is a heavier cutting tools, and the 9-12 A map will take more heat. The same amount of space in front of the two cases are the same. Tool Corner block component and the angle Figure 9-13 Tool Corner block an integral part of the name, and plans 9-14 point of the name, is the machinery industry standards. Grinding Wheel Tool Corner Block When the cutter is fixed in the middle of Dao, Tool Corner block can not be the grinding. Can not do so for the reasons: because of the large number of Dao and extra weight, making Corner together with the grinding is a clumsy and inefficient way. Too much pressure could be added to round on the sand. This can cause the wheel Benglie wheel or because of overheating and the rift on the Corner Tool damage. There are grinding to the possibility of Dao. Grinding A craftsman in his toolbox, should always be a small pocket lining grinding tool. Alumina lining a grinding tool as carbon tool steel and high speed steel tool tool. The silicon carbide lining grinding tool grinding carbide cutting tools. Cutting Tools should always maintain smooth and sharp edge, so that the life expectancy of long knives and processing the surface smooth. Cutting tool materials Carbon tool steel cutter Corner block usually contains 1.3 percent to 0.9 percent of carbon. These make use of the cutting tool in their tempering temperature higher than about 400 degrees Fahrenheit (205 degrees Celsius) to 500 degrees Fahrenheit (260 degrees Celsius) remained hardness, depending on the content of carbon. These temperature higher than that of carbon tool steel cutter will be changed soft, and it will be the cutting edge. Damaged. Grinding blades or cutting speed faster when using carbon tool steel cutter will be made of the blue, this will be in the imagination. Tool will be re-hardening and tempering again. So in a modern processing almost no carbon as a tool steel blade. Low-alloy steel cutting tool in the carbon steel tools added tungsten, cobalt, vanadium alloying elements such as the consequences. These elements and the hardness of high-carbon carbide. Increased tool wear resistance. Alloy tool steel that is to say there will be no hard and fast with hot red when the knifes edge can still continue to use it. Low-alloy steel cutting tool is relatively small for a modern processing. High-speed steel with tungsten of 14 percent to 22 percent, or Containing 1.5% to 6% of the W-Mo (molybdenum which accounted for 6 percent to 91 percent). From high-speed steel tool made of a rigid heat, some high-speed steel also contains cobalt, which is formed of rigid factor. Cobalt containing high-speed steel tool can maintain hardness, more than 1,000 degrees Fahrenheit (or 540 degrees Celsius) blade will become soft and easily damaged. After cooling, the tool will harden. When grinding, you must be careful because of overheating and cold at first, so that profile Benglie Zhucheng a variety of metal alloy materials have a special name called Carbide, such as containing tungsten carbide cobalt chrome. In little or iron carbide. However, its high-speed steel cutting speed than the maximum cutting speed is higher 25 percent to 80 percent. Carbide Tool General for cutting force and the intermittent cutting processing, such as processing Chilled Iron. The past, Carbide Tool is mainly used for processing iron, but now carburizing tool for processing all the metal. Carbide Tool into the body than to the high-speed steel tool or casting - lighter alloy cutting tools, because tend to be used as a tool carbide cutting tools. Pure tungsten, carbon carburizing agent or as a dipping formation of the tungsten carbide, suitable for the cast iron, aluminum, non-iron alloy, plastic material and fiber of the machining. Add tantalum, titanium, molybdenum led to the carbon steel The hardness of higher tool, this tool suitable for processing all types of steel. In manufacturing, or tungsten steel alloy containing two or more of a bonding agent and the mixture is hard carbon steel tool, is now generally containing cobalt, cobalt was inquiry into powder and thoroughly mixed, under pressure Formation of Carbide. These cutting tools in the temperature is higher than 1,660 degrees F (870 degrees C) can also be efficiently used. Carbide Tool hardware than high-speed steel tool, used as a tool for better wear resistance. Carbide Tool in a high-speed Gangdao nearly three times the maximum cutting speed of the cutting rate cutting. Made from diamonds to the cutting tool on the surface finish and dimensional accuracy of the high demand and carbide cutting tools can be competitive, but these tools processing the material was more difficult, and difficult to control. Metal, hard rubber and plastic substances can be effective tool together with diamonds and annoyance to the final processing. Ceramic tool (or mixed oxide) is mixed oxide. With 0-30 grade alumina mixture to do, for example, contains about 89 percent to 90 percent of alumina and 10 percent to 11 percent of titanium dioxide. Other ceramic tool is used with the tiny amount of the second oxides Mixed together the cause of pure alumina. Ceramic tools in more than 2,000 degrees F (1095 degrees C) temperature of the work is to maintain strength and hardness. Cutting rates than high-carbon steel knives to 50 percent or even hundreds of percentage. In addition to diamonds and titanium carbide, ceramic tool in the industry is now all the materials of the most hard cutting tool, especially at high temperatures. Tao structure easily broken in a specific situation, broken only carbon intensity of the half to two-thirds. Therefore, in cut, according to the proportion of cutting and milling would normally not be recommended. Ceramics cutting machine breakdown of failure is not usually wear failure, as compared with other materials, their lack of ductility and lower tensile strength. In short, the most widely used by the cutting tool material is cut high-speed steel, low alloy materials and carbide. Gap and dip Space and inclination of the principle is the most easily to the truck bed lathe tool bladed knives to illustrate. Shape, size of the gap, and dip the type and size will change because of machining. Similarly a grinding tool Corner block is just like brushing your teeth. Gap tool to stop the edge of friction with the workpiece. If there is no gap in Figure 9-15A in the small blades, knives and the side will wear will not be cutting. If there are gaps in Figure 9-15 B, will be a cutting tool. This basic fact apply to any type of tool. Clearance was cutting the size depends on material and the cutting of the material deformation. For example, aluminum is soft and easy to slightly deformed or uplift, when the cutter Corner into space within the perspective and the perspective of the space under, the equivalent in steel mill and will very quickly broken. Table 9-1 (No. 340) that different materials grinding space and perspective. The correct amount of space will be properly protected edge. Too much space will cause the blade vibration (fibrillation), and may edge of total collapse. Tool Corner for the slab block must have a backlash, behind (in front) gap, knife and cut-corner. The main cutting edge is almost as all the cutting work at the cutting edge of the cutting tool on the edge, on the left or right-lateral knives, or cutting tool in the end, cut off on a cutter. Backlash angle for example, the role of a lathe tool Corner to the left block when it mobile. If there is no backlash Kok, Fig 9-16 A, with the only tool will be part of friction rather than cutting. If a suitable backlash Kok, Fig 9-16 B, will be cutting edge and will be well supported. If I have too many gaps, Fig 9-16 C, the edge will not support leading tool vibration (fibrillation) and may be completely broken. Tool gap to the front or rear of the role when it fixed to zero, as shown in Figure 9-17. If not in front of the Gap. Figure 9-17 A, the tool will not only friction and cutting. If a suitable space in front, Fig 9-17 B, but also a good tool will be cutting edge will be well supported. If a big gap in front of Ms, Fig 9-17 C, the tool will lack support, will have a vibrate, and cutting edge may be pressure ulcer. Figure 9-18 illustrate the gap in front of a lathe tool, when it with a 15 degree angle when fixed. The same amount of space on the front fixed to zero, and around the cutter, but the tool is the relatively thin. So the heat away from the blade less. Typically, front-side or front-not too big in Figure 9-19. It is usually from zero degrees to 20 degrees change, an average of about 15 degrees. There are clear advantages, according to the following: good cutting angle so that the cutting edge of the work was well, but relatively thin chips. Cutting Tools is the weakest part. By the former angle, the blade In the form of points around the workpiece. Cutting Edge shock will cause the entire tool vibration. When cutting the work nearly completed, the final section of metal was to ring, packing iron sheet or tangles in the form of the metal ball away gradually replaced by direct removal. Pressure tends to stay away from the workpiece cutting tool rather than narrow the gap between its parts. 9-19 A in the plan was an example of the use of a 30-degree lateral Cutting Angle tool processing thin slice example. A mathematical proof of the plan 9-19 B in the right-angle triangle trip is to expand the use of a map 9-19 A right triangle in the same way, that is, in the direction of upward mobility to feed a 0.010 inch. Right triangle adjacent to the edge (b) and feed 0.010 feet equivalent. The following formula using triangulation to explain: Kok cosine A = right-angle-B / C Xiebian Or cosine of 30 degrees = b / c 0.886 = b/0.010 b = 0.866 * 0.010 b = 0.00866 (bladed too thin) When the mobile tool, the purpose of front-to be processed to eliminate from the surface of the cut-cutting tools. This angle is usually from 8 degrees to 15 degrees, but in exceptional circumstances it as much as 20 degrees to 30 degrees. If there is no gap in Figure 9-20 A, cutting tools will be tied up, sharp beep, and the rivets may be the first to die away. The appropriate space, in Figure 9-20 B, cutting tool will be cutting well. A manufacturing plant or cut off the fast-cutter blade with three space, in a root-surface or surface and the other in bilateral level, in Figure 9-21. If a tool Corner block from the date of the face, It can have up to five space, in Figure 9-22. Grooving tool sometimes known as area reduction tool used to cut a groove in the shallow end of the thread. Inclination is the top tool inclination or, in the Tool Corner block on the surface. Changes depending on the angle of the cutting material. Improvement of the cutting angle, the blade shape, and guidelines from the chip from the edge of the direction. Chip dip under the direction named. For example, if a chip from the edge cutter outflow, it is called anterior horn. If the chip to the back of the outflow, that is, to the Dao, which is known as the horn. Some mechanical error and the staff horn as a front-or knife corner. Single tool like Tool Corner block may be the only edge of the blade side oblique angle, or in the back, only to end on the edge of the horn, or they may have roots in the face or front surface of the main Cutting edge of the blade and cutting edge of the horn and a roll angle of the portfolio. In the latter case, cut off most of the surface with a cutter and a chip to the point of view in the tool horn and roll angle in both directions has been moved out. Two different roll angle in Figure 9-23 A and 9-23 B was an example. Angle depends on the size and type of material was processed. 9-24 A map in Figure 9-24 B and gives examples of zero to a fixed cutter after the two different angle. In Figure 9-25 B and 9-25 A Tool to the regular 15-degree angle. Figure 9-26 tool to display a 15 degree angle fixed, but in this case a tool to roll angle after angle and the combination of form close to the workpiece. Double or multiple chips to lead the inclination angle of a mobile or two away from the edge of the back and side to stay away from the cutter. Comparison of various horn, shown in Figure 9-27, Corner of the horn of a negative point of view, and zero is the point of view. These dip in the Corner cutter on the manifestation of a decision in the hands of the processing needs of the pieces. After Kok was the size of the type of materials processing, and knives in Dao fixed on the way. The type of lateral oblique angle Figure 9-28 examples of tools Corner blocks and four different types of lateral oblique angle of the cross-sectional. Figure 9-28 A, is zero lateral oblique angle, like some of the brass materials, some bronze and some brittle plastic material is particularly necessary. Standard side oblique angle, in Figure 9-28 B, is the most common one of the bevel side. In the ductile material on the deep cut, easy to chip in the tool around the accumulation of many, and this will cause danger to the operator. The chip will become a deal with the problem. Such a tool to cut off the grey cast iron is the most appropriate. Chip laps volumes, Figure 9-28 C, is one of the best types of inclination, especially in the ductile material on the special deep cutting. Chip small crimp in close formation against the Dao of bladed knives against the will of the rupture. The chip rolled up to maintain a narrow trough of the chip will guarantee that the width of closely Lane Vol. The chip is very easy to handle. Volume circle with a chip is not a cut-chip. Chip cut off, in Figure 9-28 D, leading to chip in the corner was cut off, and then to small chips fell after the chip. The need to cut off a chip provides up to 25 percent of the force. This inclination of the stickiness of the steel is good. Gap Kok When cutting any material time, the gap should always be the smallest size, but the gap should never angle than the required minimum angle small space. The gap is too small knives Kok will lead to friction with the workpiece. Choice of space at the corner to observe the following points: 1. When processing hardness, stickiness of the material, the use of high-speed steel tool cutting angle should be in the space of 6 to 8 degrees, and the use of carbon tool steel cutter at the corner of the gap in size should be 5 degrees to 7 degrees. 2. When the processing of carbon steel, low carbon steel, cast iron when the gap angle should be the size of high-speed steel tool 8 degrees to 12 degrees, and carbon tool steel cutter 5 degrees to 10 degrees. 3. Scalability when processing materials such as copper, brass, bronze, aluminum, iron, etc. Zhanxing materials, space Kok should be the size of high-speed steel tool 12 degrees to 16 degrees, carbon steel knives 8 degrees to 14 , Mainly because of the plastic deformation of these metals. This means that, when the cutter and around them, the soft metal to some minor deformation or protruding, and this tool will be friction. At this time, we must have a tool on the additional space. 刀 具 目 的 在完成这一个单元之后，学生将会能够 : * 解释粗加工和精加工之间的差别。 * 选择适当的刀具进行粗加工或精加工和对特殊材料的加工。 * 识别刀具切削部分的标准组成要素和角度。 * 正确地保护刀具的刀刃。 * 列出三种使用最广泛刀具材料。 * 描述利用每种最广泛使用过的材料做成的刀具的特性及其在加工中的应用。 * 了解间隙和倾角的定义。 * 修磨不同刀具的时，加间隙和倾角的原则。 * 识别不同形式的间隙和倾角而选择每种形式的应用范围。 主要的知识点： 粗加工 高速钢 精加工 合金铸造材料 零散的过剩材料 硬质合金 陶瓷 ( 接合了氧化物 ) 刀具 表面粗糙度 带有断屑器的右旋刀具 金钢石刀具 后角 后刀面 标准的角度 背后（前）角 断屑器 侧前角 外形和轮廓 侧前角 ( 导角 ) 研磨 碳素工具钢 前角 快速精加工钢 后角 热硬性 双重的或复式的倾角 前刀面 侧角 斜角度 基面 根面半径 薄片卷边器 粗加工和精加工的刀具 切削速度只有在对表面粗糙度不做要求的时候才不重要。粗加工 最主要的是尽快地去除过剩的零散材料。表面粗糙度只有在精加工的时候才是重要。不像粗加工 ,精加工的加工速度慢。带断屑器的右旋刀具 , 胜于标准角度的刀具 , 如图 9-10 A, 是专为深度切削而设计 , 举例来说 , 一 个 5/16英寸的方形刀具刀刃最多只能切深 5/16 英寸 ,而且一个 8 毫米方形刀具刀尖块将会切削到 8 毫米深处 , 这一个刀具刀尖块将会非常快切除多余的金属。薄片处理的优点是 , 在小的紧密刀片中被细化。这种刀具也是一个很好的精加工刀具。但请不要混淆了薄片刀具和带断屑器的刀具。一个断屑器实际 上是切断对刀具反作用的切屑薄片。 与标准的刀具的刀尖相比较，带断屑器的刀具的刀尖是在其上开槽而得到的 ,图 9-10 B。这一个刀具的刀尖块普遍用于粗精加工当中。虽然这种刀具刀尖块有足够的强度来进行深削 , 但是较长的切屑会在切断机的周围积聚很多后才脱落。因为切屑是如此的被缠结和锋利，并且对操作员是一种危险，所以这是切屑引起一个需处理问题。双倍，或者三倍之速的进给将会帮助解决 , 但这必然会需要更大的马力并切屑仍然容易很长。因为慢速的加工 , 然而，这一个刀具将会动作得好而且由于小的根面半径将会使加工表面 光滑。特别是加工灰口铸铁时更是如此。 切削刀具的外形 外形 , 有时叫做轮廓是你所在平面图中见到视野的或往下看顶端或表面。图 9-11 举例说明一些常见的外形，那些能在刀具上被磨出来的而且成功地被使用的。国标的螺纹切削刀具在其端上有微小平面能作为国标螺纹，英美统一螺纹和国际标准螺纹。刀具对于一个特别轮廓的螺纹的平面是要被磨成的正确尺寸。 工具刀尖的固定 一些刀具刀尖以一个大约的 15 个度的角而其他的刀具把平直地切削的。当磨如 图 9-12A 和 9-12B 所举例的间隙和倾角的时候，这些因数一定进入考虑之内。图 9-12B 的刀具刀尖块是零度的角，与图 9-12A相比，是一种较重的切削刀具，而且图 9-12A的会带走更多热。相同量的前面间隙对两者情况是一样的。 刀具刀尖块的组成部分和角度 图 9-13 刀具刀尖块组成部分名字的，和图 9-14 角度的名字 ,是机械行业的标准。 砂轮磨的刀具刀尖块 当刀具固定在正刀把中时，刀具刀尖块是不能被修磨的。不能这么做作的理由 :由于刀把的大量和额外重量，使得刀尖与其一起修磨是个笨拙的和无效率的方法。太多压力可能被加到沙轮上。这能造成砂轮的崩裂或由于过热和砂轮的裂痕对刀具的刀尖损坏。也有 磨到了刀把的可能性。 研磨 一个工匠在他的工具箱里应该总是有小口袋搪磨工具。一个氧化铝搪磨工具作为碳素工具钢和高速钢刀具的工具。而碳化矽搪磨工具可修磨碳化物刀具。切削刀具应该时常保持刃口光滑的和锋利的 ,使刀具的使用寿命长和加工的工件表面光滑。 切削刀具的材料 碳素工具钢刀具刀尖块通常含有 1.3% 到 0.9% 的碳。用这些钢做成的切削刀具能在高于他们回火温度大约华氏 400 度 (摄氏 205 度 ) 到华氏 500 度 (摄氏 260 度 )时仍然保持硬度，这要取决于碳的含量的。高于这些温度碳素工具钢刀具将会变柔软 ，而且它的刃口将会。破损。修磨刀刃或切削速度快时用碳素工具钢制成的刀具就会发蓝，此时就会发生上述的想象。刀具必然会被再次硬化和再次被回火。因此在现代加工中几乎不用碳素工具钢作为刀刃。 低合金刃具钢是在碳素工具钢中加入了钨、钴、钒等合金元素所构成的。这些元素与碳形成高硬度的碳化物。提高了刀具的耐磨性。合金工具钢不会有热硬性也就是说具有在刀刃发红时仍可以继续使用。低合金刃具钢也比较少用于现代加工中。 高速钢含钨量为 14%22%或含有 1.5%6%的钨钼（其中钼占6%91%）。由高速钢制成的刀具有热硬性，一些 高速钢中还含有钴，这也是形成热硬性的因素。含钴的高速钢刀具还能保持硬度，高于华氏 1000 度（或摄氏 540 度）刀刃会变软且容易破损。冷却后，刀具又会变硬。当修磨时就得小心，因为过热和骤冷使外廓崩裂 多种金属材料铸成的合金有个专用的名称叫做硬质合金，比如含有钨铬钴的硬质合金。硬质合金中很少或含铁。但其切削速度比高速钢的最大切削速度还高 25%80%。硬质合金刀具一般用于切削力大和间歇性切削的加工，就如加工冷硬铸铁件。 过去，硬质合金刀具主要是用于加工铸铁，但现在渗碳刀具用于加工所有的金属。 硬质合金刀 具的进给机 构比高速钢刀具或铸造 -合金刀具更轻，因为趋向于用硬质合金刀具作为切削工具。纯的钨 ,以碳做为渗碳剂或浸渍剂形成的钨碳化物 ,适合于对铸铁，铝，无铁合金，塑料性物质和 纤维的机加工 . 添加钽、钛、钼的碳钢导致了刀具的硬度更高，这种刀具适合于加工所有类型的钢材。在制造业中，钨碳钢或含有两种或更多合金和一中黏结剂碳钢混合物是较硬工具 ,目前普遍是含钴 ,钴被研成粉状 ,彻底地混合 ,在压力之下形成的硬质合金。 这些切削工具在温度高于 1660 度 F(870 度 C) 还能被有效率地用。硬质合金刀具比高速钢刀具硬，因此用作 工具有较好的耐磨性。硬质合金刀具能以将近高速钢刀最高切削速度的三倍的切削速率切削。 以金钢石制成的切削刀具对表面光洁度和尺寸精度需求高的情况下才能与硬质合金刀具具有竞争性 , 但是这些工具的材料被加工较难，及难以被控制。金属，硬质橡胶和塑料性物质能有效地与金钢石刀具一起转而且烦扰的最后加工。 陶瓷刀具 ( 或混合氧化物 ) 主要是混合氧化物。用 0-30 级的氧化铝混合物做的，举例来说，含有大约 89%到 90%氧化铝和10%到 11%的氧化钛 .其它的陶瓷刀具是用与微小量的第二种氧化物一起混合的纯粹氧化铝做成的。 陶 瓷工具在超过 2000 度 F(1095 度 C) 的温度工作乃能保持强度和硬度。切削速率比碳钢刀具高五十个百分率甚至到百分几百。除了碳化钛和金钢石外 ,陶瓷刀具是现在工业中所有材料中最硬切削刀具，尤其在高的温度。 陶结构容易在特定的情况破碎 , 有破断强度只有碳钢的一半到三分之二。因此在切断、依比例裁剪和铣应用时通常不被推荐使用。陶瓷的切断机通常破裂失效并非磨损失效，因为跟其他的材料比较，他们缺乏延性而且有较低的抗拉强度。 总之 , 最广泛使用过的割削刀具材料是高速钢、低合金材料和硬质合金。 间隙及倾角 间隙和 倾角的原理是最容易以车床上的刀具车刀刀刃来说明。外形，间隙的大小 ,而且倾角的类型和大小将会因机加工而改变。同样地磨一个刀具刀尖块就像是刷你的牙齿。 间隙阻止刀具的刃口与工件摩擦。如果没有间隙 ,如图 9 -15A 中的小刀片 ,刀具的侧面将会磨损而且将不能切削。如果有间隙 ,如图 9-15B,刀具将可以进行切削。这基本的事实适用于任何类型的刀具。 间隙的大小取决于被切割材料和被切割的材料变形。举例来说，铝相当软并且容易轻微地变形或凸起，当刀具刀尖进入间隙的角度之内和在间隙的角度之下时，相当于在钢上磨而且会非常快地破断。表 9-1(第 340 页 ) 表示不同的材料的修磨间隙和角度。 正确量的间隙将会适当地保护刃口。太大的间隙将会引起刃口的振动 (颤动 ) 和可能使刃口的完全崩溃。为板条的刀具刀尖块一定要有侧隙 , 后面 (前面 ) 间隙 , 和切断端刀尖角 。主切削刃几乎是担任了所有切削工作的切削刃位于切削刀具的边之上 , 关于左或右旋刀具 , 或在切削刀具的端上 , 关于一个切断刀具。 侧隙角的作用举例来说对一个车床刀具刀尖块当它向左边移动。如果没有侧隙角 ,图 9-16 A,刀具将会只