电牵引采煤机的技术现状和发展趋势现外文翻译/中英文翻译/外文文献翻译

英文原文  The Technical Situation and Development Trend of Electrical Haulage Shearers Abstract：  In this paper， the technical development history and technical situation of electrical haulage shearersfor thin seam of China are reviewed， and the main technical parameters， general structure， serialization anddevelopment trend of such sheares are introduced  Keywords：  thin seam； shearer； electrical haulage； multi motor driving； transverse arrangement German Eickhoff company and American JOY company, the mid 70's in 20 centuries develops a direct current to lead to adopt coal machine one after another.Henceforth, each mainly adopted coal machine a research a manufacturing a company to all lead to adopt coal machine to carry on to the electricity in the world a great deal of of study a development.80The age expected to appear alternate current to lead to adopt coal machine behind.90Age, the big power electricity which develops to gather electronics, micro-electronics, information management and calculator intelligence technique in the integral whole leads to adopt coal machine, like the LS series of American JOY company, British Long-Airdox the Electra, SL series of the company, the EDW, SL series of German Eickhof company, three wells in Japan three pond creation the MCLE-DR of series etc. the electricity lead to adopt coal machine.The electricity leads to adopt coal machine good and dependable sex with its function parameter Gao, automation degree Gao, operation convenience, supervision protection and examination the function perfect and economic performance Gao Deng3's advantage be quickly expanded an usage. 1 The foreign electricity leads long to adopt the coal machine development general situation 1.1German Eickhof company After 1976 developped successful direct current to lead to adopt coal machine, it was basic to stopped a liquid to press to lead a development research of adopt the coal machine and continuously developped various form electricities to lead to adopt coal machine.90The SL series that the age develop is horizontal to arrange the alternate current lead to adopt coal machine, cut to mow electrical engineering to arrange in shaking arm.Among them, the S type electricity leads to adopt coal machine to pack machine power to reach to one 580 kWs, biggest lead dint 998 LSOkNs.SL300 type electricity leads to adopt coal machine to always pack machine power one 018 kWs, the adoption double change once the Pin machine drag along one system, biggest lead speed to reach to 54.5 ms/rai system the system have to hand over with each other a type a person the machine dialogue, equipments healthily forecasts, the on-line control, data deliver etc. function. 1.2 :British Long-Airdox company After 1984 developped success the first set cut to mow electrical engineering to arrange at many decorations with horizontal electrical engineerings of shake the arms get Electra550 type direct current led to adopt coal machine, at its foundation top enlargement power, and then develop into an Electra1000 type direct current to lead to adopt coal machine.90Age, on the model foundation of the Electra series, enlargement power, the improvement controls system, developped EL series alternate current to lead to adopt coal machine and the main model contains EL600, EL1000, EL1500, EL3000 type.At EL series model up equip of the Impact integrate protection and supervise and control system and have burden to control, machine supervision, adopt coal machine to automatically position, automatically key up, district control, the intelligence turn safe catena and random break down diagnosis, data to deliver etc. function. 1.3American JOY company 2070's in century's developping successfully a 1 ls many electrical engineerings is successfullyhorizontal to arrange the direct current after lead adopt coal machine continuously developped a 2 IS ISs-7s again etc. type many electrical engineerings are horizontal to arrange the direct current lead to adopt coal machine.71.55 adopt the coal machine total power one 940 kWs, lead the speed 30 ms/min.Adopt a strong dint sells a track to have no chain to lead system, the enlargement chain track stanza is apart from with width, and adopt a forging to sell a row；Equip and 6 LS5 type the in general use JNA machine carry calculator information center and have person's machine communication interface, break down diagnosis sketch to show and store, wireless control from a distance, lead functions such as control and protection etc. 1.4 Japan 1987The year continuously develops to succeed various series alternate current of the MCLE-DR which mow electrical engineering to lengthways set outs to lead to adopt coal machine behind and developped to cut many electrical engineering alternate currents of mow the electrical engineering horizontal decorations to lead to adopt coal machine again for the last few years.Adopt the coal machine has tiny machine work condition a monitor and breaks down diagnosis system, can the numerical manifestation lead speed, roller position, stay a bottom coal thickness, electrical engineering load and everywhere temperature, have wireless remote control, and can add infrared ray shoot the machine manipulate a liquid to press a support. 1.5 Poland the KOMAG mine for minerals a mechanization research center Poland continuously developped KSE in developping successful KSE a 344 thin coal seam alternate currents with Chinese cooperation to lead foundation of adopt the coal machine a 360, KSE a 700, KSE one 800 RWs/2 BPs, KSE a 535 Ss/2 BPs, KSE1000 type etc. alternate current lead to adopt coal machine.Adopt the coal machine cuts deeply from 630171111 raise 800-1000 mms. 1.6 Russia The former Soviet Union 70's in 20 centuries develops a K128 Is-Is.The direct current after lead adopt coal machine develops to succeed various direct currents to lead to adopt coal machine one after another again.9The age of the o developped K a 8 etc. alternate currents to lead to adopt coal machine.Every consider, the electricity of Russia leads to adopt coal machine power smaller, the direct current lead and the function parameter is lower. 2 The local electricity leads to adopt the coal machine development general situation In recent years.The our country electricity led to adopt develop of coal machine to obtain a substantial progress with development, carry on two developments in digesting to absorb abroad to usher in to adopt the coal machine technical foundation and owned many have an independent intelligent property right of change a product, at our country coal mine comprehensive the mechanization adopt coal work noodles, coal science studies total Shanghai branch in the hospital and Poland cooperates, after the local initiative develop successful our country's first adoption exchanges change Pin adjust soon technical thin coal seam to climb scaleboard to adopt coal machine, branch in Shanghai again successively develop succeed cut to mow the alternate current that the electrical engineering lengthways sets out to lead to adopt coal machine and cut to mow electrical engineering horizontal set out of be applicable to in thick with the alternate current of thinner coal seam lead to adopt coal machine, and succeed applied at the Jin city, Huai south, Xu2 Zhou, big equal mineral duty bureau. 3 Technique characteristics and develop trend 3.1 pack machine power to enlarge.The function parameter raise (1)The single set piece mows electrical engineering power all in the 400 kWs above.The most adopts the coal machine single set piece to mow electrical engineering power to already arrive 6 OO kW, the 7 LS5s adopts the coal machine single set piece to mow electrical engineering power to be up to 750 kWs. (2)Lead power all above in the 80 kWs, biggest already 220 kWs. (3)Always pack machine power more than one 000 kWs, reach to one 94 OkWs such as the 7 LS5s, the EL3000 always packs machine power as tallest as 2000 kWs. (4)Lead speed and lead dint to significantly raise.Lead the speed l 5-25 ms/min, lead the dint 500 kNs above.Biggest lead speed 54.5 ms/rain(SL300), biggest lead dint 998 kNs. (5)Cut to mow power aggrandizement, the support random pays to protect of realization, the enlargement roller cuts deeply.The l is 0 year agos and cut deeply mostly is a 630-700 Inll1s, widespread now adopt 1000-1200 Zis to cut deeply, separately attain 1500 Infnses to cut deeply. (6)The exaltation adopts the coal machine credibility with can utilization.The abroad adopts coal machine a dollar a parts a design life span:The wheel gear 12500 hs, the bearings is 20000-30000 hses, the electrical engineering insulates the life span 44000 hs, and the roller adopts coal 640,000 ts.Adopt coal machine to greatly fix a period for 2 years, the coal measure 300-5,000,000 ts.Our country requests that adopting coal machine coal measures a 150-2,000,000 ts but not and greatly fixs, the margin is very big. 3.2 medium high pressure power supplies Along with adopt coal machine to pack the machine power significant exaltation, the work noodles continuously lengthens, the whole work noodles capacity works over the 5000 kWs the noodles length attain 300 ms.In order to reduce power line road to exhaust, quality and electrical engineering function of the exaltation power supply, high pressure power supply in the widespread adoption.The main power supply grade has a 2300, 3300, 4160 and 5000 V etc. 3.3 supervisions protection system intelligence turn The modern electricity leads to adopt the intelligence that the coal machine all has establishment in the microprocessor foundation to turn supervision, monitor and protection system, can carry out to hand over with each other type person machine dialogue, wireless control from a distance, the work condition monitor and appearance show, the data collect to save and deliver, health(break down) diagnosis and with early warning, auto control, automatically key up etc. various functions, adopt the coal machine maintenance quantity least by assurance, the utilization is the tallest, and can carry out to press a support with liquid and work the noodles transport the information of machine to hand over with each other with allied move a control etc. function.Such as Anne virtuous Sen company EL series the model up equips Impac:The t integrates protection and supervision system, the Eichhof of the Eichhof company a data gathers together technique system, the JOY company 6 LS type the electricity lead the JNA network information center of adopt the coal machine etc. Supervise and control protection system intelligence to turn main function: (1)Load the control passes the monitor that the piece mows electrical engineering electric current, adjust to adopt lead of coal machine speed and make to adopt coal machine under the different work condition with superior turn of the parameter carry on a work and promise to spread to move system to don't easily be continuously pounded at influence； (2)Work noodles fixed position control's identifying to adopt coal machine is work the position of noodles, automatically decelerate in the machine head, machine tail with stop, match with a realization auto with support to random move； (3)Transport machine with work noodles allied machine burden the control pass a burden monitor of transport the machine to regulate to adopt the adopt of coal machine amount of coal and make to adopt coal machine and transport the production ability of machine to match mutually； (4)Automatically keying up a control will have the coal rock boundary of certain resolution to identify to spread a feeling machine to combine a calculator control and constitute a coal rock boundary to spread feeling device and coal rock boundary to identify system.Have already apply to physically or just be placed in research at the production currently with experiment the coal rock of stage identify a method and analytical the system mainly have:Remember the intelligence distance control, the analytical and natural D of the vibration frequency chart shoot line, measure dint to cut Chi, radioisotope, Zao voice the infrared ray, radar probe into etc.Remember an intelligence distance to control a coal rock boundary to identify and control system among them an application at most is what foreign main model adopt to automatically key up a technique currently in actually the production.But radar's probing into a technique to be think be a kind of coal rock boundary which have application foreground most Identify a method； (5)Circulate appearance supervision and manifestation adopts coal machine a data to collect system Can collect machine parameter:If the Eickhof company SL series adopts coal machine a material to have MICOS68 mineralses to use tiny machine system, main course 10 single submenus include to adopt coal luck to go appearance；Automatically manipulate；Cut to mow a parameter；Lead a parameter, liquid presses system parameter, each examination to order temperature, each electric motor electric current；Water measure, water pressure；Control system soft, hardware model number；Diagnosis, early warning(password) etc., the most protection item can hand over a way to with each other shield through person's machine； (6)The data deliver, agreeable slot control and ground supervision's adopting the coal machine long range communication and work noodles concentration a control technique be the marking of modern mineral well. (7)Expert system and breakdown diagnose data and information from the examination and movement parameter of the supervision, function with former machine maintenance, usage the circumstance carry on a comparison, carry on diagnosis to the healthy movement of machine, can also to particular mistake and recommend the project provide risk valuation. 3.4 electricities lead system to adjust to soon develop toward the exchanges The electricity leads to adopt a lead of coal machine's method to press the type of lead the electrical engineering and can is divided into direct current to lead and communicates to lead.The electricity in earlier period leads to adopt coal machine to mostly adopt direct current to adjust soon system.Develop success from the mid 80's of Japan 20 centuries the first set alternate current lead to adopt coal machine and communicate that adjusting soon system is advanced with its technique, dependable sex Gao, the maintenance manage in brief, the price cheap etc. advantage, drive quick expansion application.9The big power electricity expected to develop behind in the age of the o lead 3.6 have no chain to lead toward the wheel gear one Chi track the type turn into Along with lead continuously enlarge of the dint, sell a round one Chi track type's having no chain to lead have already eliminate, wheel gear one chain track type's having no chain to lead have already not much use as well, now adopt coal machine have no the chain lead to just and gradually incline toward adoption wheel gear one Chi track type have no the chain lead, this is 1 kind from the wheel gear on selling a track type to turn in to since then have no chain to lead structure, cylinder's sell is replace by the Chi track and weld structure to change whole nicety cast or forge, the width enlarge, the stanza is apart from to increase tofrom the 125 mms l 75 mms. 4 The local electricity leads to adopt the coal machine research contents The local electricity leads to adopt coal machine a representative model and foreign electricity to lead to adopt coal machine to compare and have already near in the total parameter function foreign 20 centuries age initial stage of 9 o level.But some key partses and it the total function, function, orientation scope.etc. still treat further perfect with raise.Particularly on-line work condition monitor, breakdown diagnosis and forecast, the signal deliver and adopt coal machine to automatically control, spread a feeling machine etc. the intelligence turn technique and abroad to compare to still have a bigger margin. As a result the local electricity leads intelligence of adopt the coal machine to turn degree low, the equipments credibility, safety with can support sex worse, the local electricity will lead to adopt coal machine from now on Main research contents is as follows: (1)Further perfect communicate with exaltation change the Pin adjust soon credibility of lead the system.The point is perfect and raises system device of anti- earthquake, spread hot and defend tide etc. function； (2)The research dependable tiny machine electricity controls system.Point is the exaltation adopts coal machine the electricity controls the system anti- interference, anti- hot effect of ability； (3)Development or to build up the electricity control the supervision function of system.Point is the research breaks down diagnosis and expert system, the works condition monitor, manifestation and information to deliver system and work the noodles adopt coal machine to automatically circulate control system and change from the orientation Pin electric circuit of electric leakage examination and protection technique, shake arm to automatically key up system etc.； (4)Development can the mineral of four quadrant movements use to communicate change the Pin adjust to soon equip.Make to adopt coal function to adapt the demand that bigger Qing Cape coal seam mine； (5)The development packs machine power to largerly adopt coal machine, the exaltation adopts coal machine can the research of utilization and life span； (6)The research that the electric appliances component is small scaled to turn.In order to packing machine power to enlarge, electric motor, transformer, change Pin machine etc. the physical volume of the equipments also corresponds aggrandizement, for satisfy whole the machine structure arrange tightly packed of request, have to study an equipments small scaled turn of technique path. 中文译文  电牵引采煤机的 技术现状和发展趋势 现  摘  要 ：  本文介绍了我国薄煤层电牵引采煤机的技术发展历史和现状，重点介绍薄煤层电牵引采煤机的主要技术参数、总体结构、系列化及其发展趋势。  关键词 ：  薄煤层；采煤机；电牵引；多电机驱动；横向布置   德国 Eickhoff 公司和美国 JOY 公司， 20 世纪 70 年代中期相继研制出直流电牵引采煤机。此后，世界上各主要采煤机研究制造公司均对电牵引采煤机进行了大量的研究开发。 80 年代后期出现了交流电牵引采煤机。 90 年代，开发出集电子、微电子、信息管理以及计算机智能技术于一 体的大功率电牵引采煤机，如美国 JOY 公司的 LS 系列、英国 Long-Airdox 公司的 Electra、 SL 系列，德国Eickhof 公司的 EDW、 SL 系列，  日本三井三池制作所的 MCLE DR 系列等电牵引采煤机。电牵引采煤机以其性能参数优良、可靠性高、自动化程度高、操作方便、监控保护及检测功能完善、经济效益高等优点被迅速推广使用。  1 国外电牵采煤机发展概况  1.1 德国 Eickhof 公司  自 1976 年研制成功直流电牵引采煤机后，基本停止了液压牵引采煤机的开发研究，陆续开发了多种形式电牵引采煤机。 90 年代开发的 SL 系列横向布置交流电牵引采煤机，将截割电机布置在摇臂上。其中 S 型电牵引采煤机装机功率达 1 580kW，最大牵引力 998LSOkN。 SL300 型电牵引采煤机总装机功率 1 018 kW，采用双变频器一拖一系统，最大牵引速度达 54 5m rai 制系统具有交互式人机对话、设备健康预报、在线控制、数据传输等功能。  1.2 ：英国 Long Airdox 公司  自 1984 年研制成功第一台将截割电机布置在摇臂上的多电机横向布置得Electra550 型直流电牵引采煤机后，在其基础上加大功率，又研制成Electra1000 型直流 电牵引采煤机。 90 年代，在 Electra 系列机型基础上，加大功率，改进控制系统，开发了 EL 系列交流电牵引采煤机，主要机型有 EL600、EL1000、 EL1500、 EL3000 型。在 EL 系列机型上装置的 Impact 集成保护及监控系统，具有负荷控制、机器监控、采煤机自动定位、自动调高、区域控制、智能化安全连锁、随机故障诊断、数据传输等功能。  1.3 美国 JOY 公司  20 世纪 70 年代研制成功 1ls 多电机横向布置直流电牵引采煤机后，又陆续研制了 2IS-7IS 等型多电机横向布置直流电牵引采煤机。 71 55 采煤机总功率 1 940kW，  牵引速度 30m min。采用 JOYUltratmc2000 型强力销轨无链牵引系统，加大链轨节距和宽度，并采用锻造销排；装备了与 6LS5 型通用的 JNA 机载计算机信息中心，具有人机通讯界面、故障诊断图形显示和储存、无线电遥控、牵引控制和保护等功能。  1.4 日本  1987年后陆续研制成功多种截割电机纵向布置的 MCLE DR系列交流电牵引采煤机，近几年又开发了截割电机横向布置的多电机交流电牵引采煤机。采煤机装有微机工况监测及故障诊断系统，可数字显示牵引速度、滚筒位置、留顶底煤厚度、电机负载及各处温 度，具有无线遥控，并可加装红外线发射器操纵液压支架。  1 5 波兰 KOMAG 采矿机械化研究中心  波兰在与中国合作研制成功 KSE 一 344 型薄煤层交流电牵引采煤机的基础上，陆续开发了 KSE 一 360、 KSE 一 700、 KSE 一 800RW 2BP、 KSE 一 535S 2BP、 KSE1000型等交流电牵引采煤机。采煤机截深由 630 171111 提高到 800 1 000 mm. 1 6 俄罗斯  前苏联 20 世纪 70 年代研制出 K128I-I直流电牵引采煤机后，又相继研制成功多种直流电牵引采煤机。 9o 年代开发了 K 一 8 国型等交流 电牵引采煤机。总体来看，俄罗斯的电牵引采煤机功率较小，直流牵引，性能参数较低。  2 国内电牵引采煤机发展概况  近年来。我国电牵引采煤机的研制和开发取得了长足的进步，在消化吸收国外引进采煤机技术的基础上，进行二次开发，拥有了许多具有自主知识产权的换代产品，在我国煤矿综合机械化采煤工作面，国产采煤机已经占据主导地位，  完全采用国产装备的高产高效工作面不断涌现。 1991 年，煤炭科学研究总院上海分院与波兰合作，在国内率先研制成功我国第一台采用交流变频调速技术的薄煤层爬底板采煤机后，上海分院又先后研制成功了截割电机纵 向布置的交流电牵引采煤机、截割电机横向布置的适用于中厚和较薄煤层的交流电牵引采煤机，并成功应用于晋城、淮南、徐州、大同等矿务局。  到目前为止，国内各采煤机生产厂家均对交流电牵引采煤机进行了大量的研究开发。上海分院研制的 MG 系列电牵引采煤机已形成 9 大系列共几十个品种，现正在开发装机总功率达 l 800 kW 的交流电牵引采煤机；  太原矿山机器厂与上海分院合作，  将 AM500 液压牵引采煤机改造成 MG 375 830 一 WD 型交流电牵引采煤机后，  又与兖州矿业集团合作，研制成功了 MGTY 400 900 3 3D 型交流电牵引采煤机；鸡西煤机厂与上海分院合作将 MG2 300 一 W 型液压牵引采煤机改造成 MG300  360 一 WD 型交流电牵引采煤机后，又开发了 MG200 463 型、MG400 985 型交流电牵引采煤机；辽源煤机厂与邢台矿业集团合作研制成功我国首台应用电磁转差离合器调速技术的 MG668 一 WD型电牵引采煤机；无锡采煤机厂与中合作，开发研制成功国内首台应用开关磁阻电机调速纺机电研究所技术的 MG200 500 一 CD 型电牵引采煤机。  3 技术特点与发展趋势  3 1 装机功率增大。性能参数提高  (1)单台截割电机功率均在 400 kW 以上。多数采煤机单台截割电机功率已达到6OO kW， 7LS5 采煤机单台截割电机功率高达 750 kW。  (2)牵引功率均在 80 kW 以上，最大已达 220 kW。  (3)总装机功率超过 1 000 kW，如 7LS5 达 1 94OkW， EL3000 总装机功率最高达 2 000 kW。  (4)牵引速度、牵引力大幅提高。牵引速度 l5 25m min，牵引力 500 kN 以上。最大牵引速度 54 5 m rain(SL300)，最大牵引力 998 kN。  (5)截割功率增大，支架随机支护的实现，加大滚筒截深。 l0 年 前，截深大多是630 700 Inll1，现普遍采用 1 000 1 200 眦截深，个别达到 1 500 Infn 截深。  (6)提高采煤机可靠性和可利用率。国外采煤机元部件设计寿命：齿轮 12500h，轴承 20 000 30000h，电机绝缘寿命 44000h，滚筒采煤 64 万 t。采煤机大修周期 2 年，出煤量 300 500 万 t。我国要求采煤机出煤量 150 200 万 t 而不大修，差距很大。  3 2 中高压供电  随着采煤机装机功率大幅度提高，  工作面不断加长，整个工作面容量超过5000kW，工作面长度达到 300m。为减少输电 线路损耗，提高供电质量和电机性能，普遍采用中高压供电。主要供电等级有 2300、 3300、 4160、 5000V 等。  3 3 监控保护系统智能化  现代电牵引采煤机均装有建立在微处理机基础上的智能化监控、监测和保护系统，可以实现交互式人机对话、无线电遥控、工况监测及状态显示、数据采集存储及传输、健康 (故障 )诊断及与预警、自动控制、自动调高等多种功能，以保证采煤机维护量最小，利用率最高，并可实现与液压支架、工作面输送机的信息交互和联动控制等功能。如安德森公司 EL 系列机型上装置 Impac： t 集成保护与监控系统， Eichhof 公司的 Eichhof 一数据汇集技术系统， JOY 公司 6LS 型电牵引采煤机的 JNA 网络信息中心等。  监控保护系统智能化主要功能：  (1)负载控制通过截割电机电流的监测，调整采煤机的牵引速度，使采煤机在不同工况下以最优化的参数进行工作，保证传动系统不易受持续冲击影响；  (2)工作面定位控制  识别采煤机在工作面的位置，在机头、机尾自动减速和停止，与支架配合实现自动随机移架；  (3)与工作面输送机联机负荷控制  通过输送机的负荷监测来调节采煤机的采煤量，使采煤机和输送机的生产能力相匹配；  (4)自动调高控制  将 具有一定分辨率的煤岩分界识别传感器结合计算机控制，组成煤岩分界传感装置及煤岩分界识别系统。目前已应用于生产实际或正处于研究和试验阶段的煤岩识别方法及分析系统主要有：记忆智能程控、振动频谱分析、天然丁射线、测力截齿、放射性同位素、噪声红外线、雷达探测等。其中记忆智能程控煤岩分界识别及控制系统在实际生产中应用最多，是目前国外主要机型所采用的自动调高技术。而雷达探测技术被认为是最有应用前景的一种煤岩分界  识别方法；  (5)运行状态监控与显示  采煤机数据采集系统  可采集机器参数：输入电压，电机电流，轴承、绕组和冷却 水温度，控制电流，润滑油温度、消耗量，液压系统油位、压力、温度，冷却和喷雾降尘水量、水压，牵引速度、方向，摇臂操作角度，过载保护监控等。如 Eickhof 公司 SL 系列采煤机装备有 MICOS68 矿用微机系统，主菜单 10个子菜单包括采煤机运行状态；自动操纵；截割部参数；牵引部参数、液压系统参数、各检测点温度、各电动机电流；水量、水压；控制系统软、硬件型号；诊断、预警 (口令 )等，多数保护项目可以通过人机交互方式予以屏蔽；  (6)数据传输、顺槽控制及地面监控采煤机远程通讯和工作面集中控制技术是现代化矿井的标志。它包括工作面设备的运行参数与地面控制中心的数据传输、运行状态和位置的监控，地面控制中心对井下设备工作运行的操作控制，也就是实现无人工作面的最终目的。采煤工作面作为关键的移动设备，采煤机要有运行数据 (包括故障信息 )远程传输技术、位置检测技术的支持，在此前提下方可能实现地面对井下设备运行数据的检测、管理，乃至实现集中控制 (或监控 )。引进的6LS5、 SL50o、 SL30o 采煤机都实现了数据远程传输、集中监控和部分集中控制。  (7)专家系统和故障诊断把来自监控、性能检测和运行参数的数据和信息与以往机器维护、使用情况进行比较，对机器的健康运行进行诊断，也可对特定错误和推荐方案提供风险评估。  3 4 电牵引系统向交流调速发展  电牵引采煤机的牵引方式按牵引电机的类型可分为直流牵引和交流牵引。早期的电牵引采煤机大多采用直流调速系统。自日本 20 世纪 80 年代中期研制成功第一台交流电牵引采煤机，交流调速系统以其技术先进、可靠性高、维护管理简单、价格低廉等优点，被迅速推广应用。 9o 年代中后期研制的大功率电牵引  采煤机均采用交流变频调速牵引系统。交 流牵引正逐步替代直流牵引，成为今后电牵引采煤机的发展方向。早期的交流牵引均采用一个变频器拖动 2 台牵引电机，变频器对电机的性能参数难以准确检测，控制和保护功能无法完全发挥。德国 SL300 型电牵引采煤机，采用 2 个变频器分别拖动 2 台牵引电机的牵引系统，  使牵引的控制和保护性能更加完善。这种  拖一的牵引系统也正被逐步采用，成为电牵引技术发展的又一特点。  3 5 总体结构趋向模块化及多电机横向布置横向布置方式可使各部件由单独电机驱动，机械传动系统彼此独立，可模块化设计，结构简单，装拆方便。美国从1LS 开始将截割电机 横向布置在摇臂上，今沿用。英国从 Electra550 开始，采用电机横向布置。德国进入 20 世纪 9o 年代，开发了横向布置的 SL 系列电牵引采煤机。波兰电牵引采煤机均采用横向布置方式。  薄煤层电牵引采煤机的总体结构  (1)机身的布置方式  机面高度、机身厚度、中板高度和过煤高度是互  相制约的。为了降低采高下限，加大过煤空间，具有  代表性的机身布置方式有爬底板、骑输送机和悬臂  三种方式。  1)爬底板方式如 MG344一 PWD型、 EDW300一 LN型、 MCLE DR7575M型等采煤机。前滚筒反转割底，后滚筒正转割顶。以 MG344为例，机道的机面高度 721mm，输送机上方的机面高度 656mm；机道的机身高度 550mm，输送机上方的过桥架高度 210mm；因此采高下限为 1m，过煤高度为 340mm(中板高度 106mm)。爬底板方式的优点是采高下限小，过煤高度大，缺点是：煤壁侧的浮动腿对底板起伏的适应性差，煤壁侧的行走轮和导向滑靴事故多，煤层厚度变化不能太大。  2)骑输送机方式如 MG2X100 456一 WD型、 MGN132 316一 DW 型、 MG132 315一 WD 型、 MG132 320一 WD型等采煤机，品种最多。以 MG2X100 456为例，机面高度853mm，输送机上方的机身高度 380mm，过煤高度 310mm(中板高度 163mm)；输送  机上方的摇臂电机护套处过煤高度还要小一些。显然对于骑输送机的薄煤层采煤机来说，要求机面高度 <800mm、采高下限 <1 1In是困难的。  3)悬臂方式如 1K103型采煤机。机身悬在机道里，前滚筒反转割底，后滚筒正转割顶。优点是采高下限小，过煤高度大，缺点是较难保持稳定和平  (2)牵引机构的布置方式  1)内牵引方式。其牵引部布置在机身上。  2)外牵引方式。其牵引部布置在工作面输送机的机头机尾