人教版高中英语选修9《Exploring planets》教案.doc

人教版高中英语选修9Exploring planets教案 目标认知重点词汇：scale,postpone,evolve,attach,datebackto,giveoutconflict,restriction,fluency,appeal, 重点句型：not?until句型语法：宾语 精讲巧练重点 词汇scale【原句回放】However,itwasnotuntiltheeighteenthandnieenthcenturiesthattheexplorationofthebotanicalworldbeganonalargescale.(P32)【点拨】scalen.thesizeofsth.,especiallywhenitisbig意为“大小，规模”，onalargescale表示“规模宏大的”，还表示“等级;比例，尺度”如：Anypublicdemonstrations(游行)onalargescalewithoutthepermissionofthecityauthoritiesisantisocial.Thescaleofthismapisonecentimetertothekilometer.Amachineforweighingpeoplehasascalefromonepoundto300poundsonit.【拓展】scales表示“称，天平”;scale也用作动词，表示“攀越，爬越”，短语：scaleup/down按比例逐步增加/减少，如：Studentsscaledan8-footfencetoenterthetheatre.Suchabigordermeansscalingupourproductioncapacity.【随时练】Withtheopportunitytosurvivebeingsmall,thesearchoperationhasbeenscaleddownslowlyatpresent.A.hasbeenscaleddownC.scaledupKey:BB.isbeingscaleddownD.isscalingup conflict 【原句回放】Braveyoungmentooktheopportunityofgoingonbotanicalexpeditions,oftenfacingmanydangersincludingdisease,?andconflictswiththelocalpeople.(P32)【点拨】conflictn.angrydisagreementbetweenpeopleorgroups表示“冲突，争端”，常与介词between/over连用，beinconflictwithsb.表示“与某人处于争执中”。conflict也用作动词，表示“冲突;争执”如：Thereisaconflictbetweenthetwosidesofhispersonality.Sheisinconflictwithheremployeroversicknesspay.Thetwostoriesconflicted,soIdidnotknowwhattobelieve.【拓展】区别conflict,fight,struggle都含“战斗”、“斗争”的意思。conflict指“由于严重不一致，而引起抵触或冲突”，如：Theiraountofthecausesofthewarconflictswithours.他们对于战争起因的报告与我们的报告相反。fight原义是“打仗”、“战斗”，指“任何形式的斗争”，特别强调“短兵相接”，如：Thetwoboysfought.两个孩子动手打起来了。struggle本义是“挣扎”，指“克服某种障碍或困难，以达到某种目的”，意味着“处境难”，如：Theywerestrugglingforpeace.他们为和平而斗争。【随时练】Indealingwithpublicrelations,weshouldmakeeveryefforttopreventthe_inpersonality.A.contractB.contrastB.connectionD.conflict Key:D.析：conflict争论，摩擦，冲突;contact接触，联系，交往;contrast对比;对照;connection联系，关系。 restriction【原句回放】Atthattime,therewererestrictionsonthemovementofEuropeansandso,?(P33)【点拨】restrictionn.theactoflimitingorcontrollingsomeoneorsth.表示“限制，约束”，短语lift/removerestrictionson表示“解除对?的限制”，如：Therestrictionofpressfreedomisseenasanabuse(侵犯)ofhumanrights.Wehavebeenaskingthegovernmenttolifttherestrictionsonfoodexport.【拓展】restrictv.表示“限制，限定”，restrictsth.tosth表示“限制某人 某物”;restrictiveadj.表示“严格限制的”。如：Doctorshaverestrictedthenumberofvisitstotwoperday.Travelismydream,butabusyworkinglifehasrestrictedmyopportunities.Thecurrentbuildingregulationsareveryrestrictive.【随时练】Thecountyisfacingrestrictions_theuseofwaterforirrigatingcrops.A.toKey:CB.withC.onD.toward fluency【原句回放】，inordertotravelunnoticed,hedevelopedhisfluencyinChinese?anddressedasaChineseman,evenshavinghisheadintheChinesestyle.(P33)【点拨】fluencyn.qualityofspeaking,writinginaneasysmoothmanner表示“流利，流畅”，withfluency表示“流畅地,滔滔不绝”，如：VisitorswereamazedatthestudentsconversationalfluencyinEnglish.HespeaksEnglishwithgreatfluency.【拓展】fluentadj.表示“流利的，熟练的”,befluentin表示“在某方面熟练的”，fluentlyadv.“熟练地”如：couldnimagineourprimeministerwasfluentineightforeignlanguages.YoutYouspeakmorefluentlythanI.【随时练】Shespeaks_thoughnotverycorrectFrench.A.fluentKey:AB.fluentlyC.fluencyD.withfluency appeal【原句回放】OneofthecollectorswasFatherFarges,whocollected37seedsfromatreethathadappealedtohim.(P33)【点拨】appealvi.tobeattractiveorinterestingtosb.表示“(常与to连用)吸引;引起兴趣”，还表示“呼吁，恳请，上诉，诉诸”等，如：Doestheideaofworkingforaventurepanyappealtoyou?Thegovernmentisappealingtoeveryonetosavewater.ThevictimsfamiliesofthemurderhaveappealedtotheSupremeCourttohaveadefinitiveanswer. Heappealedagainstthejudgesdecision.【拓展】appeal用作名词，表示“呼吁，请求，吸引力”，常与介词for连用，makeanappeal请求;如：Theyhavelaunchedanappealtosendfoodtothefloodvictims.Therehavebeenseveralappealsforanendtothefighting.Theoldcouplemadeanemotionalappealforhisdaughtertoconnectthem.【随时练】Thedesign_alltheagesandsocialgroupsisnoteasytomake.A.appealedtoC.tobeappealedtoKey:DB.beingappealedtoD.appealingto postpone【原句回放】MyparentssuggestedpostponingourvisittothepyramidbecausewedidnthaveenoughtimetoseethembeforeweleftEgypt.(P35)【点拨】postponevt.todecidethatsth.willnotbedoneatthetimewhenitwasplanned,ortodelay表示“推迟，延期”，postponedoingsth表示“推迟做某事”常与介词till/until/to连用，如：WepostponedthematchfromMarch5thtoMarch19th.Theballgamewaspostponedbecauseoftheheavyrain.【拓展】区别delay/postpone/putoff均含“推迟”、“延期”、“延缓”的意思。delay指“暂时阻挠或阻挡,稍后可再继续进行”,如：Thesteamerwasdelayedbybadweather.汽轮因天气不佳而延期。postpone是正式用语,语义较强,指“有意识地延至将来某一特定时间”,在多数情况下,后面说明改在何时进行,如：ThemeetinghasbeenpostponedtoFriday.会议推迟到星期五举行。putoff与postpone大致同义,但较通俗口语化,如：Letsputthisofftillsomeothertime.我们还是把这搁一搁,以后再说吧。【随时练】Wevehadtopostpone_toFrancebecauseAdriansgotaninterviewforajobthatweek.A.goingKey:AB.goC.togoD.togoing evolve【原句回放】Overtime,manyfloweringplantsandtheiranimalpollinatorshaveevolvedtogether.(P38)【点拨】evolvevi&vt.todevelopnaturallyandgraduallyoveraperiodoftime表示“发展，进化”，常与介词from/into连用，如：Therewasadebateastowhetherbirdsevolvedfromdinosaurs.TheBritishpresentpoliticalsystemhasevolvedoverseveralcenturies.【拓展】evolutionn.表示“进化(论),发展”，evolutionaryadj.表示“进化的，发展的”。如：Thespaceprogramistheevolutionofyearsofresearch.Thenewfossilfindsmaytellusmoreabouthumanevolution.【随时练】Thedevelopmentalhistoryofthesocietytellsusthatmanhas_fromtheape.A.involvedKey:CB.dissolvedC.evolvedD.solved attach【原句回放】Pollenbeesattachedtotheanimalduringitsvisittoaflowerandisthenpassedontoanotherplantsblossomonitsnextvisit.(P38)【点拨】attachvt.toconnectonethingtoanother表示“系上，缚上，附加”，常与介词to连用，attachalabelto贴上标签，如：Therewasamassageattachedtotheflowers.Noblameattachestohimfortheaident.Weshouldattachprimaryimportancetothedevelopmentofeconomy.【拓展】attachedadj.表示“连接的，附加的”，attachmentn.表示“附件，爱慕”。如：Shefoundherselfgrowingdeeplyattachedtotheoldlady.Thehallwayleadstoabathroomwithbathandshowerattachment.【随时练】returninghome,shefoundanote_tothedoor,reading:“callOninlater.”A.attachingKey:BB.attachedC.attachD.beingattached datebackto【原句回放】Collecting“exotic”plants,astheyarecalled,datesbacktotheearliesttimes.(P32)【点拨】datebackto表示“追溯到，始于”，相当于datefrom,常用于一般现在时，且无被动语态，如：Thesesculpturesmustdatefromthemiddleofthe7thcentury.【拓展】date用作动词，表示“在?写上日期，确定?的年代”;outofdate表示“过时的”，uptodate表示“新式的，时髦的”如：Thepaintingshaventyetbeenauratelydatedbythemuseumsexperts.Thenewparkprovidesup-to-dateinformation,hands-onlearningandlotsoffunandexcitement.【随时练】Thetemple,which_backtothe17thcentury,isundergoingapletemending.A.datesKey:AB.goesC.wasmadeD.wasbuilt giveout【原句回放】Smell:strong,sweetperfume,typicallyonlygivenoutatnight.(P38)【点拨】giveoutvt.toproducesth.suchasasoundorlight,表示“发出，散发出”,还表示“分发，用尽，停止运转”如：Theteachergaveouttextbooktothestudentswhoaskforthem.Thenewdevicesgivesoutverylownoise.Hisheartfinallygaveoutunderthestrain.【拓展】相关短语：giveaway泄漏;赠送;givein妥协，屈服;giveoff散发出，冒出;giveup放弃，停止，如：Thesupermarketisgivingawayaboxofsugartoeveryonewhoestoday.Thegovernmenthassaidallalongthatitwillnevergiveintotheterroristthreats.Whentheydie,plantsgivesoffgasessuchascarbondioxideandmethane(甲烷).【随时练】Dontmentionthatatthebeginningofthestory,oritmay_theshockingending. A.giveawayKey:A B.giveout C.giveup D.giveoff 重点句型not?until句型【原句回放1】However,itwasnotuntiltheeighteenthandnieenthcenturiesthattheexplorationofthebotanicalworldbeganonalargescale.(P32)【点拨】not?until表示“直到?才，在?之前不”，只用于主句谓语是瞬间性动词，如果主句谓语是延续性动词时则不用not,有时until可以与before互换，如：cantstartthejobuntilwehavetheapprovalfromtheauthorityconcerned.WeHewaiteduntilthevolcanobecamequietandhewasabletoreturntwodayslater.Dontpromisehimanythingbeforewevehadtimetothinkaboutit.【拓展】如果“notuntil?”结构置于句首时，主句的语序要用倒装结构，而until引导的句子不倒装，如：NotuntilIlefthomedidIbegintounderstandhowkindmyparentswere.“not?until句型”用于强调句中“Itwas/isnotuntil?that”表示“直到?才”如：ItwasnotuntilhetoldmethatIknewaboutit.Itwasnotuntilthe1880thattherewereconsistentexperimentalfindingstosupportthetheory.在until引导的时间状语从句中，主句若是一般将来时，从句往往用一般现在时或现在完成时。如：Dontgetoffuntilthebushasstopped. 【链接高考】【考例1】Itwas_backhomeaftertheexperiment.A.notuntilmidnightdidhegoC.notuntilmidnightthathewentB.untilmidnightthathedidntgoD.untilmidnightwhenhedidntgo 【答案与解析】C。考查强调句型“Itwasnotuntil?that”。 【考例2】“Youcanthavethefootballback_youpromisenottokick itatmycatagain,”theoldmansaidfirmly.A.becauseB.sinceC.whenD.until 【答案与解析】D.句意是：直到你答应不再用球打我的猫，否则你不会要回你的球，这位老太太坚定的说。 【考例3】Iwonttellthestudenttheanswertothemathproblemuntilhe_onitformorethananhour.A.hasbeenworkingC.willhavebeenworkingB.willhaveworkedD.hadworked 【答案与解析】A.until引导的时间状语从句中，主句用一般将来时，从句则用现在时。 【考例4】Wearetoldthatweshouldfollowthemainroad_wereachedthecentralrailwaystation.A.wheneverB.untilC.whileD.wherever 【答案与解析】B.follow是延续性动词，表示“沿着，顺着”，句意是“沿着那条公路走直到到达中心火车站。 写作进行时翻译下文，尽量运用本单元学过的词汇及短语：有一天在我和汤姆上学的路上，汤姆碰上了一次车祸，幸运的是他没有受伤，可是他的自行车坏了，于是我用绳子把他的车子拴到我的车子上，这样我们一块朝学校骑去。当然我们的速度受到了限制，并且恐怕要迟到。我们之间也出现过争吵，最后，直到上课了我们还没有到。然而，令我们高兴的是老师并没有惩罚我们而是表扬了我们相互帮助。写作过程：(1)审题：_(2)列出相关词汇短语：_.(3)谋篇：_.(4)写作：_答案：(1)审题：叙述一个故事，时态用一般现在时(2)列出相关词汇短语：cameacross,conflict,breakdown,toourdelightattach,restrict, (3)谋篇：fortunately,though,so,not?until,however (4)范文：OnedayonmyandTomswaytoschool,Tomcameacrossanaident.Fortunately,hewasnotinjuredatall,hisbikebrokedown,though.SoIhadtoattachmybiketoTomswitharope.Inthiswaywemadeourwaytotheschool.Ofcourse,ourspeedwasgreatlyrestrictedandwewereafraidtobelate.Thereweresomeconflictsbetweenusonourway.Atlastwedidntarriveatschooluntiltheclassbegan.However,toourdelight,ourteacherpraisedusforourhelpingeachotherinsteadofpunishingus.解析：1.这篇作文用到很多本单元的知识点，cameacross,breakdown,attach,restrict,如：conflict以及本单元重点句型：not?until及几组副词。2.在写作过程的第二步(列出相关词汇短语)，可以作为brainstorm的训练，列出所有自己能想到的词汇及短语，及连接词等等。3.为了得到高分，同学一定要注意长短句的交替使用。如果第一句很长，第二句一定要尽量短。如果同学们有时间背诵新概念英语，对它的布局谋篇会有深刻的印象，对我们的写作会大有裨益。4.精心选择过渡语，如：fortunately，though，inthisway，ofcourse，however等 基础达标： 单项填空(20题) 1.Inthebotanicalgardenwecanfinda(n)_ofplantsthatrangefromtalltreestosmallflowers.B.groupsC.amountD.variety A.species 2.Thisisaveryspecialfloweranditcan_astrongsweetperfumeatnight.A.giveinB.giveupC.giveoutD.giveout 3.Thestorytellsofaclassicconflict_loveandduty.A.withB.betweenC.intoD.on 4.Itwasntuntilnearlyamonthlater_Ireceivedthemanagersreply.A.sinceB.whenC.asD.that 5.Washisfatherverystrictwithhimwhenhewasatschool?Yes.Hehadneverpraisedhim_hebecameoneofthetopstudentsinhisgrade.A.afterB.unlessC.untilD.when 6.Theyaresoclosefriendsandtheirfriendship_collegedays.A.datesbacktoB.datesbackC.datestoD.datesbackfrom 7.Canyougivemesomeadviceaboutthedesign?Ithinkitshould_toallagesandsocialgroups.A.appearB.appealC.suitD.fit 8.Thegovernmentnotonly_therefugees(难民)housestolivein,butalso_themwithfoodandclothes.A.offered;offeredC.provided;offeredB.provided;providedD.offered;provided 9._,hewouldeinlateandthensayhewassorry.A.EventuallyB.TypicallyC.ParticularlyD.Especially 10.Therewasanicelittlepresentforeveryone,withasuitablepoem_toit.A.attachedB.attackedC.attractedD.attributed 11.Please_yourpassport.Imsorry,butI_inmyhome.A.showme;leftitC.showme;forgotitB.showtome;leftitD.showtome;forgotit 12.Aordingtorecentreports,oneoftherareanimals,_crocodile,isin_dangerofdyingout.A.a;theB.不填;aC.不填;theD.the;不填 13.-Didyouhaveanydifficultycatchingyesterdayslecture?-No.Theprofessorspokeveryclearlytomakehisspeecheasy_.A.understoodC.understandingB.understandD.tounderstand 14.ThesupplyofelectricpowertoMadridandneighbouringdistrictshastobe_.A.weakenedB.omittedC.restrictedD.lowered 15.-IsAliceplayingbothbasketballandtennisforyourschool?-She_.Butnowshehasgivenupplayingbasketball.A.isB.hasC.wasD.had 16.Allthechildrenontheplaygroundstaredupintotheskyuntilthenoiseoftheplane_.A.gaveupB.tookoffC.wentoutD.diedaway 17._inthecareofhisgrandmother,Tedgrewtobeaboywithverygoodmanners.A.LeavingC.ToleaveB.TobeleftD.Left 18.-Doyouthinklivinginthecountryhasadvantages?-_.A.Yes,perfectlyC.Well,thatdependsB.Yes,itisD.Nothingatall 19._surprisesusmostisthatshedoesntevenknow_thedifferencebetweenthetwolies.A.What;whereC.What;whatB.What;whichD.That;where 20.Ifyou_amistakeinreviewingthereport,pleasebringittomyattention. A.ealong B.eacross C.earoundto D.eabout 答案解析：1.选D。avarietyof各种各样的;species前面不能加a,group意思是“让”;amount表示“量”。2.选C。giveout发出，放出光、热、气味等;givein屈服，让步;giveup放弃;giveover交付，托付。3.选B。aconflictbetween?表示“?之间的冲突”。4.选D。此题考查强调句型，强调用notuntil引导的时间状语从句，即“Itis/wasnotuntil?that?”。5.选C。考查“not?until句型”表示“直到?才”。6.选A。datebackto或datefrom表示“从?开始，始于?时间，追溯到?”。7.选B。appealtosb.对?有吸引力,句意：设计应当雅俗共赏，老少皆宜。appear看起来好像是;suit,fit是及物动词，不与to连用。8.选D。offer与provide的用法分别为：offer后跟双宾语，即：offersb.sth.;provide要用下列形式：providesb.withsth.和providesth.forsb.。9.选B。eventually最后,终于;typically典型地，典型的做法是;particularly特别地;especially尤其地;特别地;句意：典型的做法是，他会来晚然后说对不起。10.选A。attach(to)附加，系上，附上，attack袭击，攻击;attract吸引;attribute把?归功于，是由于?。11.选A。show后要跟双宾语，即showsb.sth.;把?忘在哪儿要用“forgetsth.+介词+地点。”12.选D。考查冠词。beindangerof为固定短语，意为“有?危险的”。13.选D。考查非谓语动词。此处应用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。14.选C。restrictthesupply表示“限制供应”。15.选C。考查时态。根据语境可知，Alice过去打篮球和网球，但现在已放弃，故此空用一般过去时。16.选D。考查动词短语。dieaway表示“(风、声音等)渐息，渐弱”。17.选D。考查非谓语动词。过去分词短语作原因状语，相当于原因状语从句Becausehewasleftinthecareofhisgrandmother. 18.选C。考查交际用语。thatdepends表示“视情况而定”。19.选A。考查名词性从句。第一空用what引导主语从句;第二空用where引导宾语从句。20.选B。eacross偶然发现或遇见;ealong到达，出现;earoundto 转变成与某人一致的意见;eabout发生。 词海拾贝(原精读课文缩写) 根据课文内容用合适的单词填空。Althoughevenancientcivilizationssawthevalueofbringingbackplantsfrom_landsandthefirsthumanplantcollectingexpedition_inhistorywasaround1500BC,theexplorationofthebotanicalworlddidnotbegin_untiltheeighteenthandnieenthcenturies.Atthattime,theEuropeanmiddleclass_incollectingnewplants.Braveyoungmentookthe_ofgoingonbotanicalexpeditions,inspiteofmanydangers,including_withthelocalpeople.Inthe1740s,oneFrenchCatholicmissionarycollectedseedsoftreesandbushes,_thoseoftheTreeofHeaveninBeijing,China.TheseedsarrivedinEnglandin1751andplantsfromtheseseedsweregrownallovertheworldsoon.Itwasanenormous_tokeepplantsaliveduringthelonglandtripsorsea_.LargenumbersofseedsfailedtogrowafterthelongjourneybetweenAsiaandEurope.ItwasDrNathanielWardsinvention,theWardiancase,_allowedplantstobetransported_onlongjourneys.RobertFortunewasoneoftheearliestplantcollectorstouseWardiancases.Heevenmadeitpossibleto_asuessfulteaindustryinIndiabyshipping20,000teaplantstherefromChina.Duringthesecondhalfofthenieenthcentury,manyCatholicmissionariesweresenttoChinafromFrance.They_thestudyofthenaturalscienceandmanyofthemknewalotaboutplantsandanimals.Theirexpeditions_hugeplantcollectionsbeingsentbacktoFrance.In1897,FatherFargescollectedandsentbacktoFrance37seedsfromadovetreethathad_himbutonlyoneseedgrew!答案解析：1.distantinterest5.opportunity9.voyages13.valued6.conflicts10.that14.resultedin7.including11.safe15.appealedto8.challenge12.establish2.recorded3.onalargescale4.tookgreat 单句改错 1.Thepinetreesdatebackto2,000yearsagohasbeenincludedintheGuinnessBookofWorldRecords. 2.Thefirstplantcollectedexpeditioninhistoryhappenedaround1500BC.3.TheattractiontoexoticplantsincreasedasEuropeancountriesarrivedatsomeotherAsiacountries. 4.Braveenoughyoungmantooktheopportunityofgoingonbotanicalexpedition,facedmanydangers.5.ThespeciesthattheytookfromChinawereintroducedinNorthAmericalater.6.Thepurposeofthetripforthemisrecordtheplantsandanimalstheymet.7.Theycollectedexampleswherevertheylandedonadistantisland.8.Keepplantsaliveduringtheseavoyagebecameanenormouschallenge.9.Theseplantswereallowedtransportingonlongjourneysbecauseoftheinvention.10.Theirexpeditionresultedfromhugeplantcollections,whichweresenttoFrance. 答案解析：1.date改为dating,此处用datebaketo的-ing形式作定语，修饰名词Thepinetrees。2.collected改为collecting,aplantcollectingexpedition表示“搜寻植物探险队”plant与collect之间是动宾关系，如apaper-makingfactory造纸厂;Tree-plantingDay植树节。3.Asia改为Asian,表示“亚洲国家”时须用其形容词形式。4.faced改为facing,此处表主动关系。5.were改为was,species作主语时谓语动词用单数，类似的还用series,means,physics等。6.record前加to,todo不定式作表语。7.wherever改为whenever,表示“无论什么时候登上岛屿“。8.keep改为Keeping,-ing形式作主语。9.transporting改为totransport,考查beallowedtodosth.表示“被允许做某事”。10.from改为in,resultin表示“导致，产生结果”而resultfrom表示，“由于?”。 能力提升： 单项填空(共20小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1.Simonthoughthisputerwasbroken_hislittlebrotherpointedoutthathehadforgottentoturniton.A.untilB.unlessC.afterD.because 2.LittleJohnnyfeltthebag,curioustoknowwhatit_.(08全国卷II)A.collectedB.containedC.loadedD.saved 3.Look!Whathaveyoudonetothefish?Imsorry.Ididntmean_thebowl.A.toruinB.ruiningC.toberuinedD.beingruining 4.Theseoldbuildingspossibly_theMingperiod.A.aredatedbacktoC.aredatedfromB.datefromD.datedbackto 5.Ifapersonhasnothadenoughsleep,hisactionswillgivehim_duringtheday.(xx江西卷)A.awayB.upC.inD.back 6.Jackislateagain.Itis_ofhimtokeepotherswaiting.(xx江西卷)A.normalB.ordinaryC.monD.typical 7.Notuntilthemotorbikelookedalmostnew_repairingandcleaningit.(xx陕西卷.)A.hestoppedB.didhestopC.stoppedheD.hedidstop 8.Youdbetternotinvitehimtothepartybecausehisparentswontallowhim_outlate.A.stayB.tostayC.stayingD.stayed 9.Idliketotakethis_tothankeveryonefortheirhardworkontheproject.A.timeB.conditionC.useD.opportunity 10.Whichdoyou_mostwealth,healthorfame?A.regardB.suitC.valueD.choose 11.Theyhave_us$150,000forthehouse.Shallwetakeit?A.providedB.suppliedC.showedD.offered 12.Itiscertainthathewill_hisbusinesstohissonwhenhegetsold.A.takeoverB.thinkoverC.handoverD.getover 13.Thecaptain_anapologytothepassengersforthedelaycausedbybadweather.A.madeB.saidC.putD.passed 14.Ideally_fo