句子成分和五种基本句型ppt课件.ppt

练习:翻译下面的句子并判断是哪种句型太阳升起来了。(rise)她喜欢看书。他的脸红了。(turnred)4.我给他看我的照片。5.他们把门漆成绿色。(paint),1,练习:翻译下面的句子并判断是哪种句型太阳从东方升起来了。(rise)她喜欢看书。他的脸红了。(turnred)4.我给他看我的照片。5.他们把门漆成绿色。(paint),Thesunhasrisenintheeast.Sheenjoysreading.Hisfaceturnedred.Ishowedhimmypictures.Theypaintedthedoorgreen.,2,句子成分,3,组成句子的各个组成部分叫句子成分：,1.主语:是一个句子的主干部分之一,主语表明是“什么人”，“什么事”.通常由名词,代词,动词不定式,动名词来充当.,1.Lucylikeshernewbike.2.Weworkhard.3.Tolearnaforeignlanguageisnoteasy.4.Playingfootballafterschoolisgreatfun.,主,谓,宾,定,状,补,表,4,2.谓语:说明主语做什么或怎么样。通常由动词充当.,1.theyworkveryhard.2.Tomfeelsmuchbetternow.(系动词:表示状态,后面往往接形容词is,am,areseem,get,turn,sound,smell,look,tase,become),情态动词和助动词不能单独充当谓语,必须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语.,TheycanspeakEnglishwell.Theyareplayingoverthere.,动词常分为实义动词,连系动词,情态动词和助动词.,5,3.表语：跟在连系动词后面的词语或从句,用来说明主语的身份,特征,状态.,Mysisterisanurse.Thetreesturngreen.Theflowerisbeautiful.Toseeistobelieve.Thereasonwhyherabsenceisthatheisill,6,3.宾语：动作行为的对象，说明主语做什么。一般放在及物动词或介词后面.由名词,代词,数词,动词不定式,动名词和宾语从句构成.,1.WestudyEnglish.2.Isawhimyesterday.3.Hewantedtohaveapen.4.Shelikesplayingbasketball.5.Ourteachersaidthathewouldgothere.,双宾语：指人的是间接宾语，指物的是直接宾语。Hegavemetwobooks.,7,4.定语:用来修饰名词或代词的词.形容词,形容词性物主代词,名词,不定式,介词短语,不定代词,从句等.1、Thisisaredcar.2、Thebuildingistheirteachingbuilding.3、Thewomandoctorismywife.4、Ihavesomethingtotellyou.5、ThemaninfrontofthegateisMr.Li.6、EverystudenthasanEnglishbook.7、Iknowtheboywhoisplayingbasketballontheplayground.,8,5.状语:说明动作或状态特征修饰用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或整个句子.副词,介词短语,动词不定式,以及after,when,assoonas,until,if,before等引起的从句.,Youarequiteright.Theyoftendrawinthepark.WecamehereinordertolearnEnglish.Ifitrainstomorrow,wewillstayathome.,9,6.宾补：补充说明宾语。(宾语和宾补之间有逻辑上的主谓关系）,宾语+宾补叫复合宾语，复合宾语有以下几种类型：1名词（代词）+不定式2名词（代词）+分词3名词（代词）+名词4名词（代词）+形容词,10,1名词（代词）+不定式Johnaskedmetohelphim.Lethimgohome.Isawhercomeoutoftheroom.,11,名词（代词）+分词（现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动）,Ifoundhimstandingatthegate.Shecouldfeelherheartbeatingviolently.Hespokeslowlyinordertomakehimselfunderstood.Hespokeloudlyinordertomakehimselfheard.,12,名词（代词）+名词（作宾补的表示独一无二的职位前不加the.),TheyappointedherheadoftheEnglishDepartment.Theymadehimcaptainoftheship.,13,名词（代词）+形容词Wemustkeeptheroomclean.Wefoundherbusy.Ifoundthestoryinteresting.,14,英语句子的种类,简单句(simplesentence),并列句(compoundsentence),复合句(complexsentence),15,简单句(simplesentence),只包含一个主谓结构Maryopenedthedoor.两个主语和一个谓语Steveandhisfriendarecomingtodinner.一个主语和两个谓语Maryopenedthedoorandgreetedtheguests.,16,简单句的五种基本句型,1主语+谓语（不及物动词）（S+Vi型）,Hecame.Shedances.,17,翻译练习：1.你应当努力学习。2.她昨天回家很晚。3.那天早上我们谈了很多。4.会议将持续两个小时。5.在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。,18,6.每天八时开始上课。7.这个盒子重五公斤。8.五年前我住在北京。9.爱丽丝很会游泳。10.他祖父昨晚去世了。11.秋天有些鸟飞到南方去。12.我的奶奶早晨起得很早。13.每天下午有许多学生到图书馆来借书。,19,1.Youshouldstudyhard.2.Shewenthomeverylateyesterdayevening/lastnight.3.Thatmorningwetalkedagreatdeal/alot.4.Themeetingwilllasttwohours.5.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometowninthepasttenyears.,20,6.Classesbeginateighteveryday.7.Thisboxweighsfivekilos.8.IlivedinBeijingfiveyearsago.(IhavelivedinBeijingforfiveyears)9.Aliceswimsverywell.10.Hisgrandpadiedlastweek.,21,11.Inautumn,somebirdsflytothesouth.12.Mygrandmothergetsupearlyinthemorning.13.Everyafternoonalotofstudentscometothelibrarytoborrowbooks.,22,2主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语(S+Vt+O),Isawher.TheylikewatchingTV.,23,1,昨晚我写了一封信。2,今天下午我想同你谈谈。3，这本书他读过多次了。4，他们成功地完成了计划。5，你们必须在两周内看完这些书。6，那位先生能流利地说三种语言。,24,7,我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。8,Jim还不会自己穿衣服。9,我们大家都相信Jack是一个诚实男孩。10,他不知道说什麽好。11,他每天早晨洗冷水澡。12,我开窗户你在意吗？,25,参考答案：1.Iwrotealetterlastnight.2.Iwanttotalkwithyouthisafternoon.3.Hehasreadthisbookmanytimes.4.Theyhavecarriedouttheplansuccessfully.5.Youmustfinishreadingthesebooksintwoweeks.,26,6.Thatgentlemancanspeakthreelanguagesfluently.7.IreceivedaletterfrommypenfriendinAustralia.8.Jimcannotdresshimself.9.AllofusbelievethatJackisanhonestboy.10.Hedidnotknowwhattosay.11.Hetakesacoldbatheverymorning.12.Doyoumindmyopeningthewindow?,27,3主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+Vt+IO+DO)(IOindirect),Igaveherabook.Sheshowedherfriendsallthepictures.,28,汉译英练习双宾语结构说明：由主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（事物）组成。如，Hebringsmecookieseveryday.Shemademeabeautifuldress.但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词to或for,如，,29,Hebringscookiestomeeveryday.Shemadeabeautifuldressforme.用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。用for侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。,30,常跟双宾语的动词有：（需借助to的）bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,pay,promise,return,send,show,teach,tell,write,ask,等。（需借助for的）buy,call,cook,choose,draw,find,get,make,order,sing,save,spare,等。,31,4主语+连系动词+表语(S+V+P),Iamastudent.Shelooksveryyoung.,32,翻译练习：1Johnson先生去年教我们德语。2.奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。3.Mary把钱包交给校长了。4.请把那本字典递给我好吗？5.他把车票给列车员看。,MrJohnsontaughtusGermanlastyear.Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.Maryhandedthewallettotheschoolmaster.Wouldyoupleasepassmethedictionary?Heshowedthetickettotheconductor.,33,6.这个学期我已经给父母写过三封信了。7.我父亲已经给我买了一辆新自行车。8.RobinsonCrusoe给自己做了一只小船。9.请你给我弄一本新的，好吗？10.我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？11.新式机器将会为你节省许多劳动。,ThistermIhavewrittenthreeletterstomyparents.Myfatherhasboughtmeanewbike.RobinsonCrusoemadehimselfaboat.Willyoupleasegetmeanewcopy?ShallIcallyouataxi?Thenewmachinewillsaveyoualotoflabour,34,5主语+谓语+宾语+宾补(S+Vt+O+OC),IaskedMarytohelpme.Wecallourheadmasterawiseman.,35,请说出下列句子类型。,1.Summeriscoming.2.Theyaredrinkingwater.3.HeshowedmeanewTVset.4.Shetoldmewhattodo.5.Theweatherisverycold.,S+V,S+V+C,S+V+IO+DO,S+V+O+C,S+V+P,36,主谓结构,1.你应当努力学习。2.她昨天回家很晚。3.爱丽丝很会游泳。4.约翰的父亲昨晚去世了,Youshouldstudyhard.Shewenthomeverylateyesterdayevening.Aliceswimsverywell.Johnsfatherdiedlastnight.,37,主系表结构,1.冬季白天短，夜晚长。2.布朗夫人看起来很健康。3.十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。4.树叶已经变黄了。5.这个报告听起来很有意思。,Inwinter,thedaysareshortandthenightsarelong.MrsBrownlooksveryhealthy.Attheageoffifteenhebecameafamouspianist.Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.Thereportsoundsinteresting.,38,主谓宾结构,昨晚我写了一封信。今天下午我想同你谈谈。这本书他读过多次了。他们成功地完成了计划。你们必须在两周内看完这些书。,1.Iwrotealetterlastnight.2.Iwanttotalkwithyouthisafternoon.3.Hehasreadthisbookmanytimes.4.Theyhavecarriedouttheplansuccessfully.5.Youmustfinishreadingthesebooksintwoweeks.,39,双宾语结构,1.Johnson先生去年教我们德语。2.奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。3.Mary把钱包交给校长了。4.请把那本字典递给我好吗？5.他把车票给列车员看。,1.MrJohnsontaughtusGermanlastyear.2.Grandmatoldme