人教版八年级上册英语知识点总结.doc

人教版八年级上册知识点汇总Unit1 Where did you go on vacation?短语归纳go on vacation去度假 stay at home待在家里 go to the mountains去爬山go to the beach去海滩 visit museums 参观博物馆 go to summer camp去参观夏令营quite a few相当多 study for为而学习 go out出去 most of the time大部分时间taste good尝起来很好吃 have a good time玩得高兴 of course当然 in the past在过去feel like给的感觉；感受 go shopping去购物 walk around四处走走 because of因为one bowl of 一碗 the next day第二天 drink tea喝茶 find out找出；查明 go on继续 take photos照相 something important重要的事 up and down上上下下 come up出来 buy sth. for sb. / buy sb. sth.为某人买某物 taste + adj. 尝起来 look+adj. 看起来 nothingbut+动词原形 除了之外什么都没有seem+（to be）+ adj. 看起来 arrive in+大地点 / arrive at+小地点 到达某地decide to do sth.决定去做某事 try doing sth.尝试做某事 / try to do sth.尽力去做某事forget doing sth.忘记做过某事/ forget to do sth.忘记做某事 enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事 want to do sth.想去做某事 start doing sth.开始做某事 stop doing sth. 停止做某事 dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事 keep doing sth.继续做某事Why not do. sth.?为什么不做呢？ so+adj.+that+从句 如此以至于tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人（不要）做某事语法讲解1. go on vacation 度假 vacation相当于holiday，但vacation表示长的假期。4. something interesting有趣的东西1）something，anything，nothing，everything是指物的不定代词。somebody，someone，anybody，anyone，nobody，everybody，everyone是指人的不定代词。somewhere，anywhere，nowhere，everywhere是指地点的不定代词。2）当形容词修饰不定代词、不定副词时，放于其后； something special; somewhere wonderful.3）不定代词、不定副词做主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数。如：Is everybody here? 大家都到齐了吗？ 4）something，somebody，someone，somewhere用于肯定句及表示请求或建议的疑问句中anything，anybody，anyone，anywhere用于否定句、疑问句及条件状语从句中。如：Did you do anything interesting? 你做了有趣的事吗？（表疑问）Why dont you visit someone with me? 你为什么不跟我一起去拜访下某个人呢？（表建议）If anything happens, please tell me. 如果有事情发生，请告诉我。6. buy sth. for sb. 或 buy sb. sth 如： buy some books for me. = buy me some books.7.提建议的句子： 8. ride bicycles 骑自行车What/ how about +doing sth.? 如：What/ How about going shopping?Why dont you + do sth.? 如：Why dont you go shopping?Why not + do sth. ? 如：Why not go shopping?Lets + do sth. 如： Lets go shoppingShall we/ I + do sth.? 如：Shall we/ I go shopping?13. 辨析： get to/reach/arrive 都是“到达“的意思get to+地点=reach+地点= arrive at+地点（小）=arrive in+地点（大）注意：若他们后面要加地点副词here, there, home等，则不需要加介词。14.nothing.but.意为“除.之外； 只有”，如：I have nothing to do but watch TV all day long. 我整天除了看电视什么也没干。15. feel like 意为：“感受到；摸起来”，后跟宾语从句或名词。如：I felt like I was a bird. 我感觉我是一只鸟。另外，构成短语 feel like doing sth.意为“想做某事”。如：I feel like eating.我想吃东西。16. enjoy doing sth . 喜欢做;乐意做enjoy oneself 过得愉快 =have fun/have a good time.19. I wonder what life was like here in the past. 我想知道过去这里的生活是什么样的(n): 奇迹；令人惊讶的事情 如：No wonder! 难怪；不足为奇！wonder (v) 惊讶 如：wonder at sth. ; wonder to do sth.感到疑惑；想知道 如：I wonder where they are going.20. few与little 的区别：肯定否定许多可数a fewfewquite a few/not a few不可数a littlelittlequite a little/ not a little如：There is little sugar in the bottle. Can you get some?Still no one seemed to be bored. 仍然没有人感到烦闷。1）seem意为“好像；似乎；看来”，是个连系动词，构成的短语有：seem to do sth. 好像做某事 如： They seem to wait for you. 他们似乎在等你。seem（to be）+adj. 似乎. 如： He seemed ( to be) ill yesterday. 昨天他似乎病了。It seems that + 从句 似乎. 如： It seems that he was ill yesterday. 昨天他似乎病了。其他表示状态的系动词有：feel(觉得）; keep（保持）;stay（保持）;look（看来像.）;smell（闻起来）sound（听起来）taste（尝起来）2） bored (adj)，意为“感到厌倦的、无聊的”,其主语是某人；boring(adj)，意为“令人厌倦的、无聊的”其主语是某物。 如：I got bored with the boring work. 我对这无聊的工作感到厌倦。相类似的词语还有 interested/ tired/ excited/ amazed/surprisedinteresting/ tiring/ exciting/ amazing/surprising22. decide（v）决定 decide to (not) do sth. = make a decision (not) to do sth.decision(n) decide on doing sth. 决定做某事如：Li Lei has decided to go to Beijing . 李雷已经决定去北京。23. Because of the bad weather, we couldnt see anything below.1） because of + 名词/代词/名短 I had to move because of my job. 因为工作的原因because +从句 如：I do it because I like it. 我做这件事是因为我喜欢。2）below意为“在.下面;低于”，其反义词为 above，意为“在.上面；高于”24. 形容词/副词enough 如：wet/quietly enough足够漂亮enough enough 名词如：enough umbrellas 足够的雨伞足够 (形/副)enough+ (名) to do sth. 足够去做如：I have enough money to go to Beijing. 我有足够的钱去北京。She is not old enough to go to school. 她年龄不够，不能去上学。同义句： She is too young to go to school. (too to :太 而不能)She is so young that she cant go to school.如此以致于（结果）25. so+形/副+that 从句：She is so popular that everyone likes her.such such+名短+ that 从句：She is such a popular girl that. so that 从句：结果（为了） 如：He gets up early so that he can catch the early bus.26. 反身代词：myself/yourself/itself/herself/himself/ourselves/yourselves/themselves如：The child (herself) usually wears the clothes (herself).27What a difference a day makes! 一天的差异多大啊！make a difference in：对有影响感叹句的结构1. What a/an + adj.+ n(单)+主+谓！或 What + adj. +n（复不）+主+谓！2. How+ adj. +主+谓（联系动词）！或 How + adv+主+谓（实义动词）！28. I just stayed at homemost of the time to read and relax.Unit2 How often do you exercise?短语归纳help with housework帮助做家务 on weekends在周末 how often多久一次 hardly ever几乎从不 once a week每周一次 twice a month每月两次 every day每天 be free有空 go to the movies去看电影 use the Internet用互联网 swing dance摇摆舞 play tennis打网球 stay up late熬夜；睡得很晚 at least至少 have dance and piano lessons上舞蹈课和钢琴课 go to bed early早点睡觉 play sports进行体育活动 be good for对有好处 go camping去野营notat all一点儿也不 in ones free time在某人的业余时间 the most popular最受欢迎的such as比如；诸如 old habits die hard积习难改 go to the dentist去看牙医morn than多于；超过 less than少于 help sb. with sth.帮助某人做某事 How about? .怎么样？/ 好不好？ want sb. to do sth.想让某人做某事 How many+可数名词复数+一般疑问句？ 有多少?主语+find+that从句. 发现 spend time with sb.和某人一起度过时光Its+ adj.+ to do sth. 做某事的的。 ask sb. about sth.向某人询问某事by doing sth. 通过做某事 Whats your favorite?你最喜爱的是什么？the best way to do sth.做某事的最好方式语法讲解1. exercise （v/n）的用法1）（动）:锻炼. 如： He exercises every day.2) (可数名词)：“.操;练习”. 如：do morning/ eye exercises; do math exercises(不可数名词):“锻炼;运动”讲：如： We often do / take exercise on weekends.2. -How often do you usually go shopping? Sometimes/Twice a week. 有时候/一周两次.1) go shopping 意为“去购物”。Go+ v- ing : 表示进行某项活动。如：Go swimming/ shopping/skating/skiing/fishing/climbing/hiking2)频率副词：always=all the time, usually, often, sometimes=at times , hardly ever, never(1).sometimes: 有时候；sometime：某时；some times：许多次/倍; some time: 一段时间hard(2). hardly(adv): 几乎不 硬的；困难的；严厉的；勤奋的 a hard writer努力地； 猛烈地 study/rain hard3）how often表示“多久一次”，是对动作的频率进行提问。其回答通常有：频率副词： always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever, neverhow often 次数时间段: 如：once or twice a weekevery 时间段: every day (每天) 区别：everyday（每天的；日常的）注意：表示“一次或两次”时，一般用once和twice表示。如：once a month(一个月一次)而表示“三次或以上”时，则用“数词times”结构。如：five times a year (一年五次)4）由how构成的疑问词组的用法“多少”howmany+ 可数名词复数 如：how many programshowmuch+不可数名词 如：how much coffee但how much=whats the price of.? 还有“多少钱”的意思 如：Howmucharethosepants?how many times: “多少次”. 其答语表示次数。如：once ,twice，three times等How old.? 询问年龄 如：How old are you? I am five.“how long?”(4) 多久(时间) 常用 for two days，for three hours等回答。 多长（某物的长度） 如：-How long is the river? - 10 kms.(5)how soon 用来询问过多久，多久以后，其答语是in two hours，in three days等。如：How soon wil he come back？ In an hour。3. “空闲的”：Are you free tonight? 4. at least 至少 at most 最多be free “自由的”： a free country freedom(n) 5. stay up 熬夜“免费的”： work for free. 6. junk food 垃圾食品full5. “满的；饱的” be full of : The bottle is full of water. 瓶子里装满了水。“忙的”=busy He had a full life6She says its good for my health. 她说那对我的健康有益。(1）be good for：“对有好处”。 如：Doing exercise is good for our health.（2）be good at：“擅长于” 如：He is good at playing football.(3) be good to sb./sth: “对好” 如：The old woman is good to us.(4) be good to do sth.: “适合；宜于” 如：The water is good to drink. (5) be good with: “与相处好” 如： The teacher is good with his students.7go online = use the Internet ：上网 8. Teenager magazine 青少年杂志9. more than two hours=over two hours:超过 10. go to the dentist: 去看牙医11. keep healthy = stay healthy = keep in good health: 保持健康12. ask sb. to do : 叫做某事 Teacher asked me to clean the classroom. Ask sb. not to do sth.: 叫不要做某事 Teacher asked me not to clean the classroom. ask sb. about sth. : 问某人某事 We asked our students about their free time activities.ask sb. for sth. : 向某人要求 如：ask teacher for help13. help sb. with sth. 如：They help me with this problem. 他们帮助你解决这个问题。 help sb.（to）do. 如：They help you (to) solve this problem. 他们帮助你解决这个问题。14. (n) 惊讶: to ones surprise 令某人惊讶的是 in surprise 惊讶地surprise be surprised at sth. 对 感到意外v) 使惊奇、意外： be surprised to do sth. 惊讶做某事be surprised that + 从句如：I was surprised at the news = I was surprised to hear the news.15. fifteen percent of the students 百分之十五的学生 16. swing dance 摇摆舞17. although(conj):“尽管；虽然”，表示转折关系，同义词有though, 不能与but同时使用。如： Although theyre neighbors, they dont play together.= Theyre neighbors, but they dont play together. 尽管他们是邻居，但是他们不在一起玩。18. maybe (adv): 也许，大概 (Maybe) he (maybe) knows it.May + v(原)：也许，大概 He may know it.如：Maybe he is at home.= He maybe is at home.= He may be at home.19. Its good to relax by using the Internet or watching game shows.by: He learns English by singing English songs.通过 方式 He went home by bus.= He went home on the bus= He took the bus home. through 通过 方式+ 名词： The best way to relax is through exercise （从里面）穿过： Climb through the window. 注意： 横过（从一边到另一边） walk across the street.例如20. such as =like + 名短： 如： such as winning the game.for example + 句子： 如：Its healthy for the mind and the body.21. Old habits die hard. 恶习难改. die(v):死亡；消失 death(n): 死亡；dead(adj): 死的； dying(adj): 垂死的；临终的；（植）枯萎的 dying wish-遗言21. You can spend time with your friends and family as you play together.spend 度过（时间） 如：spend the weekend with family 花费（时间、钱） 如：He spent 20 yuan (in) buying the magazine.同义句：He spent 20 yuan on the magazine.He paid 20 yuan for the magazine.It took him 20 yuan to buy the magazine.The magazine cost him 20 yuan.Unit3 Im more outgoing than my sister短语归纳more outgoing更外向 asas与一样 the singing competition唱歌比赛be similar to与相像的/类似的 the same as和相同；与一致 be different from与不同 care about关心；介意 be like a mirror像一面镜子 the most important最重要的 as long as只要；既然 bring out使显现；使表现出 get better grades取得更好的成绩 reach for伸手取 in fact事实上；实际上 make friends交朋友 the other其他的 touch ones heart感动某人 be talented in music有音乐天赋 be good at擅长 be good with善于与相处have fun doing sth.享受做某事的乐趣 be good at doing sth擅长做某事 make sb. do sth.让某人做某事 want to do sth.想要做某事 as+adj./adv.的原级+as 与一样 Its+ adj.+for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说，做某事的。语法讲解15. 形容词和副词的比较级一、含义1. 大多数形容词和副词有三个等级： 原级、比较级、最高级: good better - best2. 比较级：表示两者(人或物)之间的比较。3. 加more/most 的情况：.部分双音节和多音节词；.-ed/ing结尾的词；adj+lyadv.4. 双写的词：一个大热天，一个胖子和一个瘦子穿着红衣服，汗湿了，很伤心。big hot fat thin red wet sad二比较级基本句型：连系动词+ adj.（比） 如： Lucy is slower than Lily.1主语+谓语动词+adj./adv（比）+ than+ 对比成分实义动词+ adv./ （比） 如：Lucy runs more slowly than Lily.2. 主语必须与对比成分保持一致：Her hair is longer than yours.(your hair)同级比较 3 as+adj./adv.(原级)+as : “如同一样” 否定： not as/so+adj./adv.(原级)+as : “不如一样”4比较级and比较级：越来越 e.g. They talked more and more loudly.5. The比较级,the比较级：越就越 The more exercise you do, the stronger youll be.6. “Which / Who is + 比较级， A or B？” e.g. Which T-shirt is nicer, this one or that one?7. the+比较级+of the（ two ） : 两者中较的一个Of the twins, she was the more hard-working .8. 常用the one代单数可数名词,the ones /those 代替复数名词,that 代替不可数名词.e.g. The book here is newer than the one on the deskThe apples on the tree are fresher than those/the ones in the box.The weather in Wuhan is hotter than that in Beijing.9. 比较级前可用“数词+名词” 表示确定的度量。e.g. I am (5 years) older than himThe room is (3 times) as large as that one.注意： 1. 原级常与very, as，so, too, quite，pretty, really等连用。2. 比较级常与much, even, far, than, a little, a bit, a lot 等连用.3. Than 后的比较状语结构: e.g. He runs faster than me/ I (do).16. You can tell that Lisa really wanted to win, though. 然而，你能看得出丽莎真的想赢。讲述： tell a story/lie/joke.1). tell 告诉 ： tell sb. sth.(不能为it/them)= tell sth. to sb. ; tell sb. (not) to do sth.辨别；识别：Can you tell the differences between the twins?2).though意为“然而；但是”，表示转折关系， 常放于句尾，用逗号隔开，而however可位于句首、句中或句末，常用逗号隔开。 However，You can tell that Lisa really wanted to win17. I think friends are like books- you dont need a lot of them as long as theyre good.我认为朋友就像书-你不需要很多，只要好 就行。look like : 看起来像（外貌） She is pretty tall.be like: 像（性格，外貌） He is outgoing/ serious.18. My best friend helps to brings out the best in me. 我最好的朋友帮我激发出我最好的品质.使显现；使表现出： The dress brings out the color of her skin.bring out 生产；出版： The factory brings out a new kind of car.bring out the best/worst in sb. 激发出某人最好/最差的品质.19. I know she cares about me because shes always there to listen (to me).我知道她关心我，因为她随时都能够听我倾诉。(n) 小心；谨慎 Take care! 当心/保重 Cross the road with care.1). care :介意；在乎（=mind） I dont care what happens. (v) care about: 关心；在意 如：He doesnt care about anything people say.care for 关心；照顾 = take care of或look after喜欢；想要（否或疑） 如：Would you care for a cup of coffee?be there 2). for sb. 随叫随到；不离左右 如：Parents are always there for children. to do sth. 随时准备帮助 如：She is there to work out the problem.20. I dont really care if my friends are the same as me or different. if: 是否； 如果我真的不介意是否我的朋友与我一样还是不同。21They both like sports. 他们俩都喜欢运动。（both：两个都；用在实动之前，其它动词之后）You are both too young. They both speak English.Both of .+名词复数 如： Both of the flowers are beautiful. 两朵花都很漂亮。bothand 两者都 反义词组：neithernor两者都不注意：all：都（三者或三者以上）; either:两者中任一个；every：每个（三者或三者以上）22.A true friend reaches for your hand and touches your heart.一个真正的朋友（在你需要帮助的时候）向你伸出手，触动你的心弦。reach 到达： reach /arrive at /get to the school伸手去拿： reach ( out ones hand) for sth.与取得联系：How can I reach you?延伸：The forest reaches as far as the river. 森林延伸到河边。(v) 接触；触摸：Dont touch the paint! 请勿触油漆!touch 触动；感动 I was touched/moved by his words. 我被他的话打动了。(n)接触；联系: keep in /losetouch with sb. 与.保持失去联系get in touch with sb. 与.取得联系23. She made me laugh and feel better. ( laugh at sb. 笑话；取笑某人)make/let /have sb. do sth.= get sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事make+宾语+形容词: 使某人/某事怎样 如： His words make us happy. 2).24. Its not easy for me to make friends. (make friends with sb. 与.交朋友)Its+adj.+ for sb.+ to do sth.: 某人做某事怎么样. (It是形式主语，to do sth.是真正主语)25. The most important thing is to learn something new and have fun.最重要的事情是学习新的东西和过的开心。26. Thats why I like reading books and I study harder in class.那是我喜欢读书和在班上更努力学习的原因。Unit 4 Whats the best movie theater?短语归纳movie theater电影院 close to离近 clothes store服装店 in town在镇上so far到目前为止 10 minutes by bus坐公共汽车10分钟的路程 talent show才艺表演 in common共同；共有 around the world世界各地；全世界 more and more越来越and so on等等 all kinds of各种各样的 be up to是的职责；由决定make up编造（故事、谎言等） play a role in在方面发挥作用/有影响for example例如 takeseriously认真对待 give sb. sth.给某人某物 come true（梦想、希望）实现；达到 watch sb. do sth.观看某人做某事play a role in doing sth.发挥做某事是作用/在做某事方面扮演重要的角色one of+可数名词的复数 之一语法讲解形容词和副词的最高级一、含义1. 大多数形容词和副词有三个等级： 原级、比较级、最高级: badly worse - worst2. 最高级：表示三者或三者以上(人或物)之间的比较。二最高级基本句型结构 系动词+ the+adj.(最) of + 同类 ( of all/us.)1. 主语 + 谓语动词 + the + adj./adv.(最) + 实义动词+ (the)+ adv.(最） in + 范围 (in China.)如：Tara is the youngest of all. Linda draws (the) most carefully in her class.注：1. 副词的最高级前可省略 “the”： 如：sit (the) most comfortably 坐得最舒适2. 最高级前有其它的限定词时，不加“the”： my best friend2. Which / Who +the + 最高级, A, B or C ?e.g. Which do you like (the) best, apples, pears or oranges?3. one of +the +最高级（形）+名（复）： “最之一”。e.g. Jack Chen is one of the most famous actors in the world.4. the + 序数词+最高级（形）+名（单）：e.g. Hainan is the second largest island in China.5. This is the +最高级（形）+名（单）+ that 从句：e.g. This is the worst movie that I have ever seen. 这是我曾经看过的最糟糕的电影。6. a+最高级（形）+名（单） : 表示“非常”。 e.g. Spring is a best season.三原级、比较级、最高级的相互转换1、原级与比较级的转换：比较级+than not.as/so.as.e.g. He speaks more loudly than me. I dont speak as/so loudly as he/him.2、比较级与最高级的转换： the other +名（复）（在范围之内） the+最高级 比较级+than+ any other+名（单）e.g. Jim is the tallest student in our class.Jim is taller than any other student in our class.Jim is taller than the other students in our class.Jim is taller than anyone else in our class.但：Jim is taller than any student/ the students in your class.21. Thats up to you to decide. 那由你决定。 be up to sb.( to decide.) 由某人决定be up to (doing) sth. 胜任；适合 如：He isnt up to watching the flowers.Whatup?= What wrong?= Whats the matter? 怎么哪？whats more: 另外；还有 whats worse: 更糟糕的是22How do you like the neighbor hood so far? so far: 迄今为止；到现在为止同义句：1. How is the neighborhood? 2. What do you think of the neighborhood?3. How