工程硕士研究生英语基础教程.ppt

1,工程硕士研究生英语基础教程,2,TableofContents,1.Text2.Exercise3.PartB:Grammar4.PartC,3,TextA:TheLandoftheLock,4,YearsagoinAmerica,itwascustomaryforfamiliestoleavetheirdoorsunlocked,dayandnight.Inthisessay,Greeneregretsthatpeoplecannolongertrusteachotherandhavetoresorttoelaboratesecuritysystemstoprotectthemselvesandtheirvaluables.Althoughtheauthoriswritinghisopinion,heusesmanyexamplestoreinforcehisideasandtoprovehisthesis.,5,几年前在美国，许多美国家庭的门通常都是日夜不上锁的。在本文中，格林遗憾地指出人们已经不再彼此信任，不得不求助于各种复杂的安全设备来保护自身及其财产。作者在提出自己观点的同时，举出了大量的例子来验证和强调自己的观点。,6,1InthehousewhereIgrewup,.Idontknowifthatwasalocaltermorifitisuniversal;onthelatchmeantthedoorwasclosedbutnotlocked.Noneofuscarriedkeys;thelastoneinfortheeveningwouldcloseup,andthatwasit.,7,1在我长大成人的家里，我们的习惯是晚上把前门闩上。我不知道这是个地方词汇还是广泛的说法；“闩着门”的意思是关着门但却不上锁。我们都不带钥匙；晚上最后进来的人会把门关上，如此而已。,8,2Thosedaysareover.Inruralareasaswellasincities,doorsdonotstayunlocked,evenforpartofanevening.,9,2那样的日子已经一去不复返了。现在不管是城市还是乡村，门不再是不上锁了，甚至天一黑门就要上锁。,10,3Suburbsandcountryareasare,inmanyways,evenmorevulnerablethanwell-patrolledurbanstreets.Statisticsshowthecrimeraterisingmoredramaticallyinthoseallegedlytranquilareasthanincities.Atanyrate,theeraofleavingthefrontdooronthelatchisover.,11,3郊区及乡村地区在很多方面比巡视得很严密的城市还要容易出事。统计数字表明在那些据称是平静的地区，犯罪率的上升较之城市还要显著。不管怎么说，晚上闩着前门的日子已经结束了。,12,4Ithasbeenreplacedbylocks,securitychains,electronicalarmsystemsandtripwireshookeduptoapolicestationorprivateguardfirm.Manysuburbanfamilieshaveslidingglassdoorsontheirpatios,withsteelbarselegantlybuiltinsonoonecanprythedoorsopen.,13,4门闩已经被锁、安全链、电子报警系统以及与警察局或私人保镖公司相连的报警线所取代、许多郊区家庭在庭院里都装有滑动的玻璃门，很别致地装有暗藏的钢筋这样就没人能撬开门了。,14,5Itisnotuncommon,inthemostpleasantofhomes,toseepastedonthewindowsdecalsannouncingthatthepremisesareundersurveillancebythissecurityforceorthatguardcompany.,15,5在很多擦亮的家里，经常能见到窗户上张贴着布告显示本宅受某保安部队或某保安公司的监护。,16,6ThelockisthenewsymbolofAmerica.Indeed,arecentpublic-service,advertisementbyalargeinsurancecompanyfeaturednotactuarial,chartsbutapictureofachildsbicyclewiththenow-usualpadlockattachedtoit.,17,6锁是美国的新的象征。确实，最新的一宗保险公司的公益广告显示的不是数据表格而是一幅画，画面上一个孩子的白行车上挂着一把现在常见的挂锁。,18,7Theadpointedoutthat,yes,itistheinsurancecompaniesthatpayforstolengoods,butwhoisgoingtopayforwhatthenewatmosphereofdistrustandfearisdoingtoourwayoflife?WhoisgoingtomakethepsychicpaymentforthetransformationofAmericafromtheLandoftheFreetotheLandoftheLock?,19,7诚然，广告显示的是保险公司会为你失窃的东西负责，但是又有谁会补偿这种不信任和恐惧的气氛给我们生活方式带来的改变呢?谁来补偿美国由自由大陆转变为上锁的大陆所造成的心理损失呢？,20,8Forthatiswhathashappened.WehavebecomesousedtodefendingourselvesagainstthenewatmosphereofAmericanlife,sousedtoputtingupbarriers,thatwehavenothadtimetothinkaboutwhatitmaymean.,21,8情况就是这样。我们已经非常习惯于保护自己不受美国生活新气氛的影响，习惯于围起屏障，却没有时间去考虑这一切意味着什么。,22,9Forsomereasonwearesatisfiedwhenwethinkwearewell-protected;itdoesnotoccurtoustoaskourselves:Whyhasthishappened?Whyarewehavingtobarricadeourselvesagainstneighborsandfellowcitizens,andwhen,exactly,didthisstarttotakeoverourlives?,23,9出于某种原因，我们都满足于受到良好的保护；却从没想过问问自己为什么会这样?为什么一定要在我们自己与邻居和同胞之间设立屏障呢?而且，究竟是什么时候这一现象开始主宰我们的生活呢?,24,10Andithastakenover.Ifyouworkforamediumtolarge-sizecompany,chancesarethatyoudontjustwanderinandoutofwork.Youprobablycarrysomekindofaccesscard,electronicorotherwise,thatallowsyouinandoutofyourplaceofwork.Maybethesecurityguardatthefrontdeskknowsyourfaceandwillwaveyouinmostdays,butthefactremainsthatthebusinessyouworkforfeelsthreatenedenoughtokeepoutsidersawayviathesekeys,25,10我们的生活已经受到控制了。如果你在一家大中型公司工作，你很合可能不能随使出入公司。你可能要携带某种电子或非电子的出入卡，才能进出工作单位。也许前合的保安认识你，平时挥挥手就让你进去了，但是事实仍然是你所供职的单位觉得受到了威胁，要通过这样一些“钥匙”挡住外来者。,26,11Itwasntalwayslikethis.Evenadecadeago,mostprivatebusinesseshadapolicyoffreeaccess.Itsimplydidntoccurtomanagersthattheproperthingtodowastodistrustpeople.,27,11情况不总是这样的。就在10年前，大多数私人企业都是允许自由出入的。经理们从没想过不相信别人是正常的。,28,12Lookattheairports.Parentsusedtotakechildrenouttodeparturegatestowatchplaneslandandtakeoff.Thatsallgone.Airportsarenolongeraplaceofeducationandfun;theyarethemostsophisticatedofsecurityencampments.,29,12看看机场吧。过去父母经常带着孩子们到出站口去看飞机降落和起飞。这样的日子已经一去不复返了。机场不再是教育和娱乐的地方，而是高精尖的安全营地。,30,13WithelectronicX-rayequipment,weseemfinallytohavefiguredoutawaytoholdtheterrorists,realandimagined,atbay;itwassucharelieftosolvethisproblemthatwedidnotthinkmuchaboutwhatsuchastateofaffairssaysaboutthequalityofourlives.Wenowpassthroughtheseelectronicfriskerswithoutsomuchasasidewaysglance;themachines,andwhattheystandfor,havewon.,31,13通过x光设备，我们似乎最终找到了遏制真正的和想份中的恐怖分子的办法；解决这样的问题使我们松了一口气，以至于我们不去考虑这种情况对我们的生活质量意味着什么。我们现在目不斜视地通过电子检测仪；机器以及他们所代表的东西取得了胜利。,32,14Businessmen,inincreasingnumbersarepurchasingnewmachinesthathookuptothetelephoneandanalyzeacallersvoice.Themachinesaresupposedtotellthebusinessman,withasmallmarginoferror,whetherhisfriendorclientistellinglies.Allthisisbeingdoneinthenameofsecurity;thatiswhatwetellourselves.Wearefearful,andso,wedevisewaystolockthefearout,andthat,wedecide,iswhatsecuritymeans.,33,14越来越多的商人都在购买一种新型机器，与电话机连在一起就能分析出打电话音的声音。人们认为这种设备能在很小的误差范围内，判断出他的朋友或客户是否在撒谎。所有这一切都是在“安全”的名义下完成的；我们对自己也是这么说的。我们恐惧，因此我们想出办法把恐惧档在外面，而我们认为，这就是安全。,34,15Butno,withallthissecurity,weareperhapsthemostinsecurenationinthehistoryofcivilizedman.Whatbetterwordtodescribethewayinwhichwehavebeenforcedtolive?Whatbetterindictmentofallthatbecomeinthisnewandpuzzlingtime?,35,15恰恰相反。尽管有了所有这种“安全”，我们也许是人类文明史上最不安全的国度，有什么更好的词来形容我们被迫所采取的生活方式呢?有什么好办法对我们在这新潮而又令人迷悯的时代中的遭遇进行控诉呢?,36,16Wetrustnoone.Wehavebecomesosmartaboutself-protectionthat,intheend,wealloutsmartedourselves.Wemayhavelockedtheevilsout,butinsodoingwehavelockedourselvesin.,37,16我们不相信任何人。我们已经如此精于自我保护，以至于最终聪明反被聪明误。我们也许把邪恶锁在了外面，但与此同时，我们也把自己锁在了里面。,38,17Thatmaybethelegacywerememberbestwhenwelookbackonthisage:Indealingwiththeunseenhorrorsamongus,webecameprisonersofourselves.Allofusprisoners,inthistimeofourtroubles.,39,17也许当我们回首这个年代时，我们所能记得最清楚的印象就是；在对付这种存在于我们之间的无形的恐怖时，我们成了自己的囚徒。我们所有的人，都成了这个多事之秋的囚徒。,40,1.resortvi.1.诉诸,凭借,求助(+to)Itwasafterthefailureofthisattemptthatheresortedtoforce.是这次尝试失败之后他才诉诸武力的。2.经常去(+to)Thebeggarresortedtotherestaurantforsomesoup.这个乞丐常去该饭店要汤喝。n.1.常去的休闲度假之处;名胜CTherearemanysummerresortsinthemountains.在山里有许多避暑胜地。,LanguageStudy,41,2.tripn.C1.跌倒,失足;失误Heapologizedforthetripofthetongue.他为失言道了歉。vi.1.绊,绊倒(+over)2.轻快地走(或跑);轻快地跳舞QThekidscametrippingdownthestairs.孩子们脚步轻捷地走下楼。vt.1.绊,绊倒Hetrippedthepickpocketupbytheheels.他用脚后跟把扒手绊倒。2.使失误,使犯错误(+up)Afewconfusingquestionstrippedupthesuspect.几个棘手的问题使嫌疑犯泄漏了真情。,LanguageStudy,42,3.elaboratea.1.精心制作的;精巧的;详尽的Theymadeelaboratecostumesfortheplay.他们为这出戏精心制作戏装。2.复杂的3.煞费苦心的,辛勤的Shemadeelaboratepreparationsfortheparty,butnooneshowedup.她为了聚会费心准备,但是一个人也没来。ShemadeanelaboratestudyofShakespearesworks.她刻苦研究莎士比亚的著作。,LanguageStudy,43,4.reinforcevt.1.增援,加强Thegeneralreinforcedthefortwithmoretroops.将军派更多的军队增援要塞。2.增加,补充,加固3.强化,加深;使更具说服力Newspaperslikethistendtoreinforcepeoplesprejudices.像这样的报纸往往加深人们的偏见。,LanguageStudy,44,5.pryvt.1.(用杠杆等)撬,撬起,撬动OO8Hepriedtheboxopenwithascrewdriver.他用螺丝起子将箱子撬开。n.1.撬杠,杠杆Cvi.1.窥探;窥视(+into/about)Stoppryingaboutthehouse.别在屋子里到处窥探了。2.刺探,打听(+into)Shelikestopryintotheprivatelifeofherfriends.她喜欢打听友人的私生活。,LanguageStudy,45,6.chancesare(that)1.可能Chancesareshesalreadyheardthenews.可能她已经知道这消息了。,LanguageStudy,46,7.barricaden.C1.路障,街垒Variousbarricadesblockedoffallthemainstreetsofthecity.各种路障封锁住了城里所有的主要道路。2.栅栏,挡墙,障碍物Everyoneshouldbeguardedbylegalbarricades.人人都应受法律保障。vt.1.在.设置路障;筑栅防御Theybarricadedthemainroadwithfallentrees.他们用倒下的树堵住了主要道路。2.阻塞,挡住Theboybarricadedthedoortokeepthestrangerout.男孩挡住门不让那个陌生人进去。,LanguageStudy,47,8.accessn.1.接近,进入;接近的机会,进入的权利;使用U(+to)Onlyafewpeoplehaveaccesstothefullfactsofthecase.只有少数几个人能看到有关该案全部事实的材料。2.通道,入口,门路CU(+to)Theonlyaccesstotheirhouseisalongthatnarrowroad.只有沿着那条狭窄的路走才能到达他们的房子。,LanguageStudy,48,9.sophisticateda.1.老于世故的Sheisasophisticatedwoman.她是一个老于世故的女人。2.富有经验的;精通的3.不落俗套的,精致的4.复杂的,精密的,高度发展的sophisticatedweapons尖端武器,LanguageStudy,49,10.indictmentn.1.控告,告发;起诉CUbeunderindictmentforfraud被控犯有诈骗罪presentanindictmentagainstsomeone控告某人2.起诉书C,LanguageStudy,50,11.legacyn.C1.遗产;遗赠Hisunclelefthimalegacyof$50,000.他叔父给他留下五万元遗产。2.留给后人的东西Booksarethelegaciesthatagreatgeniusleavestomankind.书是伟大的天才留给人类的精神财富。,LanguageStudy,51,12.inthenameof1.以.的名义Stopdoingthat,inthenameofGod!看在上帝的分上,别干了!,LanguageStudy,52,13.atanyrate1.无论如何;至少Atanyrate,themedicalsupplieswillreachyouwithinaweek.无论如何,医疗用品将于一星期内运到你那里。,LanguageStudy,53,14.attachto1.属于Allblamemustattachtomyself.一切责任应由我本人承担。,LanguageStudy,54,15.standfor1.代表;象征TheAmericanflagstandsforfreedomandjustice.美国国旗代表自由及公平。WhatdothelettersUNstandfor?字母UN代表什么?2.主张;支持,拥护Westandforself-reliance.我们主张自力更生。,LanguageStudy,55,16.keep/holdatbay1.不使.迫近Hekeptmeatbaywithalongknife.他用一把长刀阻止我接近。,LanguageStudy,56,17.featuren.1.特征,特色(+of)Thisisakeyfeatureofoursociety.这是我们社会的一个主要特点。2.面貌,相貌PHecouldrecallherfeaturesverydistinctly.他能够清晰地回想起她的容貌。3.(报纸等的)特写,特别报导,专栏Thelocalnewspaperranafeatureonchildlabor.地方报纸登载一篇有关童工劳动的特写。5.(电影的)正片,故事片Thefeaturebeginsathalfpastten.电影正片七点半开始。vt.1.以.为特色;是.的特色2.(电影)由.主演Thenewmoviefeaturestwoofmyfavoriteactors.这部新片由我最喜爱的两位演员主演。3.特载,以.作为号召Themuseumsexhibitfeaturespaintingsofcolonialtimes.博物馆的展品突出介绍殖民时代的绘画。vi.1.起重要作用;作为主要角色(+in)EconomicissuesfeaturedverylargelyinthePrimeMinistersspeech.首相的讲话中很大一部分涉及经济问题,LanguageStudy,57,EXERCISES,I.ReadingComprehensionII.GettingInformationIII.VocabularyAndStructureABCIV.TranslationABCGrammarEx.1Ex.2,58,READINGCOMPREHENSION,1-5:BDADC,59,GETTINGINFORMATION,OMITTED,60,VOCABULARYANDSTRUCTURE:A,Transformationaccessbarriersviadeviseallegedlegacysophisticatedindictmentvulnerable,61,VOCABULARYANDSTRUCTURE:B,buy:purchaseaccusation:indictmentcomplex:complicatedsafe:securesocialenvironment:atmospherewatch:surveillancechange:transformationbarrier:barricade,62,VOCABULARYANDSTRUCTURE:C,toonunderinattoupforoverat,63,Translation:A,Ifyougetinvolvedinotherpeoplesproblems,thechancesarethatyouwillendupinanunpleasantposition.Hethinksitadutytodefendhiscountryagainsten