托福口语种题型.ppt

,一、独立口语Task1Task2二、综合口语Task3Task4Task5Task6,托福口语概况,在口语部分，考生需要就基于个人经历、校园环境和学术性材料提出的各种话题用英语表达自己的观点。答题时间共20分钟。Task1,2:独立口语任务，写生要依据自己的观点、见解或者经历来回答问题。Task3,4:读文章讨论或者讲座节选答题Task5,6:听对话或者节选的讲座片段答题在整个口语考试中，考生可以记笔记，并在回答时作参考。,托福口语概况,口语评分标准独立口语：旨在检验学生能否阐明并连贯表达自己的观点、能否运用恰当的解释与细节描述充实并支持论点，一级语言表达时间偶清晰流畅、易于理解。综合口语：旨在检验考生能否根据1到2段材料传达相关信息，能否连贯表达观点并通过恰当的解释和细节描写充实论点，以及语言表达是否清晰流畅、易于理解。DeliveryLanguageuseTopicdevelopment,一、人物类二、地点类三、事物类1、抽象事物2、具体事物四、事件类,独立口语,一、人物类,Sampleanswer1:Describethequalitiesofagoodleader:Ithinkaleaderneedsatleasttwoimportantcharacteristics.First,aleadershouldbegoodatmanagement.Thereareusuallyagreatnumberofmembersunderthechargeofoneleader,soaleaderissupposedtoorganizeeverythingwellinordertomakeacompanyrunsmoothly.Secondly,agoodleadershouldbegoodatmakingdecisions.Agoodandcorrectdecisioncanleadtothefinalsuccess,whereasawronganddelayeddecisionmaybringaboutdisasterstothecompany.Ofcourse,thisskillrequiresalotofworkingexperience.,Sampleanswer2:Describethequalitiesofagoodcolleague:First,acolleagueissupposedtobeefficientinwork.Whengivenataskbytheboss,alltheteammembersshouldtaketheirdutiesandcooperatewellinordertofinishitquickly.Ifoneofthecolleaguesisslowandleftbehind,aprojectwillbedelayed.Secondly,Ithinkacolleagueshouldbereadytohelpothers.Whenanewemployeecomestothecompany,heknowslittleaboutthework,soitishiscolleagueswhoaresupposedtohelphim.Buttherearesomestaffmemberswhowouldntliketohelpothers,fortheyareafraidthatotherswillexcelthemafterwards.,二、地点类,Sampleanswer1:Ifyourforeignfriendsaregoingtovisityourcountry,wheredoyousuggestthemtogo?IfIhadthechance,IdliketotaketheforeignvisitorstotheForbiddenCity.First,theForbiddenCityhasahistoryofmorethan600yearsandistheplacewheretheroyalfamilyusedtoliveduringtheQingandMingdynasty.TheForbiddenCityissolargethatithasmorethan900rooms.ItsmagnificentarchitecturewhichincludesmanyChineseelementshasbecomethesymbolofChineseculture.Second,thousandsofvisitorsfromdifferentpartsoftheworldcometoseeiteveryday.Theyallsayitlooksmuchgranderthanitlooksinmovies.Whatsmore，therearealotofantiquesdisplayingintheForbiddencityattractingmanyvisitors.,Sampleanswer2:Wherewouldyouliketolive,Mountain,forest,beach,ordesert?TheplaceIdliketoliveistheforest.Ipreferitforthefollowingreasons.Firstofall,theairintheforestismuchfresherthanthatinthecity.AndIknowdoctorswillsuggestpeopletogotheretobreatheinmoreoxygen.Ihaveacousin,Jimmy,whousedtohaveproblemswithhislungsandhisdoctortoldhimtogototheforestasmuchashecould.Nowheiswellagain.Also,wecanhikeorevenhavepicnicsintheforestaslongaswedonotgetlost.Itmustbesuchaniceexperiencetofeelthebreezeandwatchthegreentreessittingonthegrasswithyourfriendswhileyoucanenjoyyourdeliciousfood.,1、抽象事物,事物类,Describethemostimportantdecisionthatyouvemadeinyourlife.AparticularlysignificantdecisionIvemadeinmylifewasthatIcametoworkandliveinBeijing.IhadjustfinishedmycontractonaverydecentjobandIsupposeIwantedanewchallenginganddemandingjob.SoIdecidedtocometoBeijing,thecapitalcityfilledwithtalentsandopportunities.Besides,IwasalwaysabitpassionateandIlikedtodothingsonthespurofthemoment.Arrivinginanewcitywasexciting.JustwalkingoutofthestationwithasuitcaseandtwobagsandwithadreamofdoingsomethingfortheOlympicGames,IfeltIhadarrivedandIfeltlifewasmineandIcouldmakeittobeexactlywhatIwanted.Thatsummer,Irealizedagainthatlifeneveroughttobeboring,butonthecontraryisfullofadventureandchallengeandisexciting,too.,2、具体事物,Describeabookthatyouthinkisinteresting.Explainwhythisbookisinterestingtoyou.Includedetailsandexamplesinyourexplanation.CodeofVinciisundoubtedlyaveryinterestingbookwhichattractsalistofreadersintheworld.First,personally,Ihavetosaythatwecanlearnalotaboutthewesternculturefromthisbook,suchasthereligion,theBible,themysteriouschurches,themuseumsinParis,andsomeothermysteries.Additionally，thewholestoryinthebookdevelopsinaverylogicalandamazingway,fullofmysteriesanddetectiveelementswhichkeepmyinteresttoknowwhathappensnext.Itisreallyanattractivebook.,综合口语Task3听力部分的笔记应注意以下事项：(1)对话通常为一男一女对阅读文章中的话题发表自己的看法。选择发表观点最直接最强烈的一方记录(2)看法强烈的一方对文章中的问题可能表示赞成，也可能表示反对，并给出支持自己观点的两个理由，考生要对此信息进行记录。,常用结构句式,1)阅读部分复述时，第一句话要交代阅读内容的背景，一般以下列表达为主：Theuniversityisgoingto/hasplanned/hasdecidedto.,because.(原因一)，also.(原因二)Intheannouncement/notice,theuniversityisgoingto.,thefirstreasonis.,thesecondreasonis.(2)阅读部分介绍完毕，可以直接说明学生的态度，并自然过渡到听力内容。Thewoman/mantotallyagreeswiththeuniversitysannouncement/decision/policy.Theman/womanisagainst/supporting.He/shefeelsunhappy/lesssatisfiedabout.She/hethinksthe.isunfair/inconvenient/unaffordableforthefollowingreasons.(3)听力部分，当转述对话人所给出的两个理由时，可以用以下表达：First,she/hethinks/saysAlso,she/hepointsoutthat.,真题练习,2009年2月28日,NarratorNowlistentotwostudentsastheydiscusstheopeningletter.Man:Look!Thatsgreat!Woman:Whatdoyoumean?Man:Theschoolwouldmakeagooddecisionbyfollowingthroughonthatstudentsproposal.Woman:Whatistheproposalabout?Man:Hereyougo:aletterinthenewspaperstatesthattheschoolshouldallocatefundstoorganizefieldtripsforstudents.Ibelievethisactwillhaveapositiveimpact.Woman:Okay,pleaseexplainyourideaalittlebitfurther.,Man:Well,theschoolwilldefinitelybedoingagoodthinginprovidingfundsforthis.Especiallyinspringandsummer,alotofstudentsenjoytakingnaturewalks.However,notallofthemhavetransportation,makingitdifficulttotaketrips.Studentslivinginthecenterofthecitywouldfindtripslikethatdifficulttomake.Butwiththetransportationcoveredbytheschool,morestudentswouldbeabletotakeabreakfromtheirstudiesandgoonnaturewalks.Woman:Youareright.Beingoutandaboutinnatureisreallyrefreshing,right?Man:Thatsright.Spendingallourtimeandenergyonstudyingleadstoexhaustion.Tripslikethesearegoodexperiencesforstudents,helpingthemtorechargetheirbatteriesandexperiencenature.Whentheycomeback,thestudentswillbeevenmorefocusedontheirstudies.Woman:Sure,definitely.,SampleAnswer:Aletterfromastudentsuggestedthattheschoolshouldfinanciallysupportawildernessclubforstudentsbecausestudentsneedtogetintouchwithnatureandtakeabreakfromtheirstudies.Themanlikestheproposalforthefollowingreasons.Manystudentswhowanttotakenaturewalksdonothavepropertransportation,makingittoodifficultforthemtotravelonfieldtrips.Butthefreetransportofferedbytheschoolwillenablestudentstogoonnaturewalks.Afterstudentsarerechargedfromthetrip,theywillbeabletoconcentratemoreontheirschoolwork.,综合口语task4答题思路回答这个问题的时候，考生需要试用来自听力和阅读材料的信息，并把教授在讲座中提到的例子和阅读文章中提出笼统的概念相练习。考生不需要一一列举出细节，但是提供的信息也是能够让没有听过讲座的人理解的。,常用句式结构Inthissetofmaterials,thereadingpassagedescribesandthelisteningmaterialisonthesametopic.Accordingtothelecture,theprofessordiscussesthepointthatTheprofessortalksaboutthetheorythat.He/shegivesone/twoexamplestoexplainsuchapointThereadingpassagegivesthedefinitionofInthelecture,theprofessorgoesontodemonstrateitbyintroducingsomeexamples.ThefirstisThesecondisFromthereadingmaterial，weknowthatTodemonstrateit，thespeakerprovidestwoexamples/reasons/researches.OneexampleisthatAnotherexampleisthat.,真题练习,2009年10月18日OpportunitycostOpportunitycostisaneconomicphenomenondescribingthenext-bestchoiceavailabletosomeonewhohaspickedbetweenseveralmutuallyexclusivechoices.Thenotionofopportunitycostplaysacrucialpartinensuringthatscarceresourcesareusedefficiently.Forexample,therearemanyoptionsinascenario.Whenpeoplewithafixedamountofmoneychooseoneofthemandbenefitfromit,theymustgiveupthebenefitsassociatedwithotheroptions.Narrator:M:welcometomyclass.YoureinMacroeconomics.Today,weregoingtolearnaboutanimportanteconomicconceptknownasopportunitycost.Opportunitycostistheprocessofchoosingoneproductorserviceoveranother.Theitemthatyoudontpickistheopportunitycost.Itisassessedinnotonlymonetary,butalsomaterialterms.,Eventhoughpeoplemightnotrealizeit,theyuseopportunitycosteverysingleday.Hereisanexample.Manyyearsago,theschoolhadtwooptionsindevelopingschoolinfrastructure.Onechoicewastobuildanewswimmingpool,becausetheschoollackedoneandstudentshadtogoallthewaytothepublicpooldowntown.Thesecondoptionwasconstructionofanewlibrary,becausetheexistingonewastoosmall.Intheend,theschooldecidedtobuildaswimmingpool.Whilemakingthisdecision,theschoolconsideredboththecostandtheopportunitycostofbuildingtheswimmingpool.Theopportunitycostinthiscasewasthebenefitstheschoolwouldhavereceivedfrombuildinganewlibrary.Forinstance,manystudentsmaynotpreferaswimmingpoolandwouldhavewantedagoodenvironmentforlearningordoingresearch.Theschoolwouldhavetoforegotheirinterestsifitwantedtobuildaswimmingpool.,Question:theprofessortakesoneexampletoillustratethephenomenonof“opportunitycost”.Explainhowthisexampleisrelatedtothereadingpassage.Preparationtime:30secondsResponsetime:60secondsSampleanswer:Thelecturetalksaboutopportunitycost,whichisaneconomicphenomenon.Itmeanstheprocessandcostofchoosingonethingoveranother.Peopleuseopportunitycostintheireverydaylives,butmostofthemmightnotbeawareofit.Forexample,aschooloncehadtwooptionsoverwhethertobuildanewswimmingpooloranewlibrary.Afterhavingconsideredtheopportunitycostbetweenthetwooptions,theschooldecidedtobuildaswimmingpool.Thecostinthiscasewasthestudentsbenefitingfromhavingmorebooksandagoodenvironmentforlearningorconductingresearchfromanewlibrary.,2009年2月28日CompetenceInpsychology,competenceisastandardizedrequirementforanindividualtoproperlyperformaspecificjob.Itencompassesacombinationofknowledge,skillsandbehaviorutilizedtoimproveperformance.Moregenerally,competenceistheabilitytoperformaspecifictask,actionorfunctionsuccessfully.Competencehastwostages:theconsciousandunconscious.Nowlistentoalectureonthistopicinaneducationpsychologyclass.W:Bothconsciouscompetenceandunconsciouscompetencearenamesforthetwostagesofcompetenceorlearning,whichisanexplanationofhowpeoplelearnsomething.Itprogressesfromdevelopingaskillinanareabuthavingtoconcentrateonit,tothesecondstage,inwhichpeoplearesogoodattheskillthatitjustcomesnaturally.Illexplainthetermsfurthertohelpyouunderstandalittlebetter.,understandalittlebetter.Consciouscompetencereferstoanindividualsunderstandingorknowledgeofdoingsomething.However,demonstratingtheskillorknowledgerequiresagreatdealofconsciousconcentration.Heresanexample:whenyoufirststarttolearntypingonacomputerkeyboard,youhavetoworkhardathittingtherightkeyswithoutbeingbotheredbyotherthingsinordertogeteverythingcorrect.Sometimes,youneedtostoptotalkwithothers.Asaresult,typinganarticlewilltakealongtime,butyoumakefewmistakes.However,whenitcomestothestageofunconsciouscompetence,anindividualhasmasteredtheskillsothatitbecomessecondnatureandcanbeperformedeasily,oftenwithoutconcentratingtoodeeply.Letsgobacktothesameexample.Youaretypinganarticle,butthistimeyoudonthavetothinkaboutwherethekeysare一youjusttypethemautomatically.Yourtypingspeedisgettingfasterandfaster,andyoureabletotalktoyourfriendswithoutconcentratingonthekeyboard.Ofcourse,typingerrorsmaymorefrequentlyoccur.,Theprofessortakesoneexampletoillustratethedifferencebetweentheconsciousandunconsciouscompetence.explainhowthisexampleisrelatedtothereadingpassage.Competenceistheabilitytoperformaspecificjobwell.Ithastwostages:theconsciousandunconscious.Consciouscompetenceisthefirststageoflearningwhichrequiresgreatconcentrationwhendemonstratingaskill.Forexample,whenyoustarttolearntyping,youhavetoconcentrateoneachkeyyouhit.Youdontwantotherstobotheryouandsometimesyouhavetostopwhenyoutalktoothers.Asaresultthough,yourtypinghasfewmistakes.However,whenitcomestothesecondstageoflearning,peoplehavealreadymasteredtheskillandnolongerconcentrateasdeeply.Forrexample,youdonthavetolookatthekeyboardwhenyouaretypinganarticlebecausetheskillhasbecomesecondnature.Soyoucantypefasterthanbeforeandtalktoyourfriendsatthesametime.However,sometimeserrorsaremorelikelytooccur.,思路分析在听力时应该留意听的有三点：（1）男生或者女生遇到了什么样的问题，记下最简洁的关键词（2）另外一个人提出的第一个意见和详细内容（3）提出的第二个意见和详细内容,综合口语Task5,在准备时间里应该着重于选择倾向的一个建议，然后列出两个理由,常用结构句式首先概括听力里的内容，即遇到了什么样的问题及两个建议Theman/womanhasencounteredaproblemthat.Theproblemoftheman/womanisthat.Thefirstadvicegivenis.whilethesecondis.Theman/womanposed2advices,thefirstoneis.,thesecondoneis.Thereare2possiblewaystosolvetheproblem.之后再提出个人的观点和理由Ipreferthefirst/secondadviceforthefollowingreasonsthat.Thefirst/secondoneismorereasonablethat.Thefirst/secondoneisbetterthantheother,because.Althoughthefirst/secondadvicesoundsreasonable,Ibelievethattheotheroneismoresuitable.,2009年10月18日ManHi,Mary.Summeriscoming.Doyouhaveanyplans?WomanWell,Imabouttoapplyforasummerjobatanewspaperoffice.IwishIcouldworkforanewspaperaftergraduation.ManWow,itsoundslikeyouhaveagoodplanforyourfuture.WomanButtheproblemisIhavetosubmitmyapplicationbeforethedeadline,whichisnoontomorrow.Buttheofficeiswaytoofarfromschool,andIdontknowifIcangetthereontime.ManOh,Iunderstand.Youprobablywanttodrivethereanddeliveryourapplication.Iamsureyoucansubmityourfilebeforethedeadline.,WomanHa,nodoubt!ButIjustrealizedIhaveareviewsessiontomorrowmorningoncampus.HowcouldImakebothatthesametime?ManYeah,yourscheduleistricky.Perhapstheresanotherway一youcansendyourapplicationbyexpressmail.Theexpressservicealwayshasawaytodeliveryourapplicationontime.So,feelfreetoattendyourclasstomorrowmorning.Youwontreallymissanythingimportant.WomanYeah,youknow,Ivedreamedaboutthisopportunity.Aftergraduation,whenImlookingforwork,anyemployerwilldefinitelyvaluemypart-timenewspaperexpe