初三英语第九单元语法被动语态讲解.doc

初三英语被动语态讲解u 一、什么是被动语态？ 英语中时态很多，但语态不多，只有两种，即：主动语态和被动语态。所谓“被动语态”，相当于中文中常说的“被”、“由”的句式，如：“他的自行车被偷了。”，“这座楼房是由他们建造的。”u 二、被动语态的结构 那么，英语中被动语态是怎么样构成的呢？请看下面的例句（注意划线部分）： His bicycle was stolen. The building has been built in 2000. 通过上面的例句，可以看出，“被动语态”的构成是： be + 过去分词 + (by+动作执行者)u 三、被动语态的运用 什么情况下要用被动语态呢？一般地说，有下面几种情况： （1） 不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要。例如： Paper is made from wood. （纸是由木材生产出来的。） The house is quite old. It was built in 1950. （这座房子太旧了。它是1950年建成的。） Printing was introduced into Europe from China. （2） 需要强调动作的对象时。例如： Calculator cant be used in the maths exam. （计算器不能用于数学考试。） Books and newspapers in the reading room mustnt be taken away. （阅览室的书籍和报纸不准带走。） He was awarded first prize in that contest. （他在比赛中获得了第一。u 四、各种时态的被动语态举例 一般地讲，被动语态可用于英语的各种时态。为了能准确地运用被动语态，重点是要掌握be动词的各种时态变化。各种时态的被动语态举例如下： 1、 一般现在时的被动语态. am / is / are + 动词的过去分词 Our classroom is cleaned every day. This car is made in China. 2、一般过去式的被动语态: was / were + 动词的过去分词 His desk was cleaned just now. The station was built in 1928. 3、现在进行时的被动语态: am / is / are + being + 动词的过去分词 A new factory is being built in our city now. Some trees are being cut down in the park. 4、过去进行时的被动语态: was / were + being + 动词的过去分词 A new factory was being built in our city at that time. Some babies were being looked after by Miss Chen last year. 5、一般将来时的被动语态: (A) will / shall + be + 动词的过去分词 (B) am / is / are + going to be +动词的过去分词. Some new factories will be built in our city this year. Your watch is going to be mended in an hour. 6、过去将来时的被动语态: (1).would / should + be + 动词的过去分词 (2).was / were +going to be + 动词的过去分词. She said that some new factories would be built soon in our city. He thought that your watch was going to be mended after an hour. 7、现在完成时的被动语态:have / has + been + 动词的过去分词 Some new factories have been built in the city since last year. Your watch has been mended already. 8、过去完成时的被动语态:had + been + 动词的过去分词 He said that some new factories had been built in the city. I didnt know that my watch had been mended . 9、含情态动词的被动式：can/may/must + be + done 例如：He can not be found. / I must be paid for this. u 五、如何将主动语态变成被动语态 1、从句子意义上说，就是重新找出“什么事物”是“被完成”的。 例：主动语态：人们说英语。People speak English in many countries. 被动语态：英语被说。English is spoken in many countries. 2、从语法的角度说，把原句的宾语改成主语。例： 主动语态：小王邀请你(宾语) Xiao Liu has invited you to a lunch party. 被动语态：你(宾语)被邀请。 You has been invited to a lunch party by Xiao Wang. 3. 按句子结构a) 主语+谓语+宾语，变被动语态时，先将主动结构中的宾语变为被动结构中的主语，（若宾语为人称代词，必须将宾语变成主格），然后将主动结构中的谓语动词变成被动语态，要注意的是被动语态的时态要与主动语态保持一致，最后在谓语动词被动语态之后+by，再将主动结构中的主语置于介词by之后(如为人称代词，须将主格变宾格。Eg. Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876.亚历山大格雷厄姆贝尔于1876年发明了电话。首先分析一下这个句子的句子成分。宾语the telephone是主语是Alexander Graham Bell谓语是invented。套用上面的模式，我们先将句子的宾语the telephone转换成被动句中的主语，谓语变成被动语态was invented，注意时态也要保持与原句的一致用过去时。主动结构中的主语Alexander Graham Bell则作为被动句中的宾语。The telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876.电话是亚历山大格雷厄姆贝尔与1876年发明的。b) 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语（间接宾语、直接宾语）变为被动语态时，只将主动结构中的一个宾语变为被动结构中的的主语，另一宾语不变叫做保留宾语（retained object）Eg. He told her a long story. 他给她讲了一个长故事。在这个句子中有两个宾语，分别是间接宾语her和直接宾语story。也就是说该句变为被动语态有两种变法。（1）.如果间接宾语her作为被动句中的主语，则a long story 保留不变。将人称代词变为主格，就是her变成she变法是：She was told a long story.她听了一个长故事。（2）若将主动结构中的直接宾语a long story作为被动句中的主语间接宾语钱则应加介词for或to。即为： A long story was told to her.有人给他讲了一个长故事。c) 主语+谓语+复合宾语（宾语+宾补）变为被动结构时，只将主动结构中的宾语变为被动结构中的主语，宾补不变。Eg. They choose Tom captain.他们选汤姆为队长。先看句子结构，本句中，句子主语是they