状语从句(教师版).doc

_2018高考总复习之状语从句、教学目标1.学习状语从句的基本用法2.学会在具体情境中对连接词的运用3.掌握状语从句与其他从句的区别二、教学重点：状语从句连接词的选用三、教学难点：学会在做题中总结如何使用正确的连接词预习案 （学生思考）概念及分类：在复合句中修饰主句或主句中的某一成分的从句叫状语从句。状语从句通常由从属连词或起连词作用的词组引导，有时甚至不需要连词直接和主句连接起来。状语从句根据它表达的意思不同，可分为时间 、地点 、原因 、目的 、结果 、条件 、方式 、比较 、让步 等九类。 时间状语从句（一）一 when, while和as1,when Task 1 察下面例句，总结其用法：1)When I lived there, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays. 2)When the film ended, the people went back. 总结：when表示点时间时，从句中用短暂性动词;表示段时间时，从句中用用持续性动词。Task 2 完成下列句子中：3）We were having a meeting when someone broke in.4）We were about to set off on our way when it suddenly began to rain5）She was on the point of going to shop when the telephone rang .（ring）6）Hardly had I arrived when the train left.7）He had just finished（finish）his home work when someone asked him to play basketball.总结：be doingwhen _ _: _be about to do when_ _be on the point of doingwhen ； had just done when_在以上结构中，when 的含义是：正当.时候 (= at that moment)，做为并列连词。when只能跟在前一分句之后。Task 3观察下列句子中when 的含义：8）It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could easily walk there in five minutes.9）Why do you want a new job when you have got such a good one? 10）He walks when he might take a taxi.11）How can you hope for mercy yourself when you show none总结:在以上句子中when表示条件，意思接近“在.情况下”如句 8. 9 或表示虽然，尽管的含义，相当于although或since如句 10 .11 Task 4 拓展：注意wheneve在句中含义：whenever是when的强势语,描述是经常发生的习惯性动作.12）I go to the theater whenever I get the chance.( 每当，每次 )13）Come and see me whenever you want to.（ 在任何时候 ）2, while Task 1 观察例句并总结用法，并把while的含义写在后面括号内：14）We were listening to the radio while he was reading newspaper.（在.时候 ）15）I like tea while he like coffee.（ 然而 ）16）Please dont talk so loud while others are working.( 在.期间 )17）Strike the iron while it is hot. ( 在.时候 )18）While they are my neighbors, I dont know them well. （ 虽然 ） 19）I am fond of English while he likes maths.（ 然而 ）总结： while引导时间状语从句时谓语动词须为_持续性动词作谓语 , 常用_进行_时态, 译为_ 在.时候如句 14， 16， 作为并列连词,表示_转折 ，译成_然而_；语气比but _弱_ 。如句 15, 19 while有时可引导让步状语从句，意思是虽然。如句 18 【提示】虽然during 与 while 意思很相近，但是during是 介词 ，不能引导从句。例如，20）During the summer holidays， we went swumming every day. 21） While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking.时间状语从句（二） 、学习目标1.学习状语从句的基本用法2.学会在具体情境中对连接词的运用二、学习重点：状语从句连接词的选用三、学习难点：学会在做题中总结如何使用正确的连接词 预习案 3. asTask 1引导时间状语从句：观察例句并总结用法：1）As time goes on, its getting warmer and warmer. 2）The thief was caught as he was stealing in the supermarket. 3）They talked as they walked.总结：as表示 随着 as引导时间状语，译为 当时候 。相当于when ，两者经常可以通用。as表示 一边.一边. ，强调从句和主句中两个动作交替进行或同步进行。 二“一就”的表达方式：Task 1 常用连词： as soon as, once , no soonerthan, hardly(scarecely,barely)when -ly 结尾的副词作连词： immediately, directly, instantly, the+ n. 的结构：the moment, the minute, the instant, the second Task 2 观察例句并总结用法：4）The moment I heard the voice, I knew father was coming.5）No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left.6）The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother. 7）Once you see him， you will never forget him.8）The second the bell rang， the students rushed out of the classroom.总结：以上连词引导的从句动作一发生，主句的动作随即发生，常译为_刚一就_注意：在no soonerthan ; hardly/scarcely/barelywhen 结构中，主句用_过去完成时_，从句使用一般过去时 （时态）。此外，当把no sooner或hardly等提到句首时，应用_ 部分倒装 （语序）。9）I had hardly got home when it began to rain.= Hardly had Igot home when it began to rain . 10) Tom had no sooner come here than I called you.= No sooner _had Tom come here than I called you._三特殊连词 Task 1观察例句并总结用法：10） He left me a good impression the first time I met him.11）The year my brother joined the army I graduated from the high school.12）Every time I see her, she is always busy. 13）I had waited for 3 hours by the time the train arrived. 14）I shall have finished my work by the time you return.总结：表示时间的名词或名词短语也可以引起时间状语从句，如：_ the first/second/last time，next time， every/each time the day/week/year ,all the time .注意： by the time引导时间状语从句，意为到.时为止，当从句为一般过去时，主句要用 过去完成时 当从句为一般现在时，主句要用 将来完成时 四 till、 until 和not until Task 1观察例句并总结用法：15）You may stay here until the rain stops.16）He wont go to bed until she returns.17）Until you told me I have no idea of it.18）People do not know the value of their health till they lose it.19）It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it.20）Not until you told me did I have any idea of it. 总结: 肯定句主句谓语动词必须是_延续性动词,意为某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止。 否定句：主句谓语动词必须是_非延续性动词,意为某动作直到某时间才开始。_until _可以用于句首，而_till _不可以。在强调句型中not until 两词在一起不分开；Not until 位于句首时，主句要用 部分倒装。时间状语从句（三）、学习目标1.学习状语从句的基本用法2.学会在具体情境中对连接词的运用3.掌握状语从句与其他从句的区别二、学习重点：状语从句连接词的选用三、学习难点：学会在做题中总结如何使用正确的连接词预习案五 before 和since1.beforeTask 1观察例句并总结用法：1）Look before you leap. 2）You must first learn to walk before you try to run. 3）He ran off before I could stop him. 4）Take it down before you forget it.总结：before表示在一段时间之前。如句 1,2， before 从句往往带有否定的含义。如句 3,4 Task 2 before 构成的固定句型，观察例句并总结用法：5）It will be a year before you leave school.6）It was a long time before I got to sleep again.7）It was not long before I realized I was wrong.8）It wont be long before he goes abroad.总结：It will be +_一段时间_ before (谓语动词用 一般现在时 ) 意为：多久之后才It wont be +_一段时间_ before (谓语动词用 一般现在时 ) 意为：不久就会 It was +_一段时间_before(谓语动词用_一般过去时_)_意为：多久之后才2.sinceTask 1观察例句子并翻译成汉语。最后总结用法：8）I have written home four times since I came here. 9）She has been working in this factory since he left school. 10）It is three years since the war broke out 11）It has three years since I smoked a cigar. 总结：It is/has + 一段时间+ since 从句（ 一般过去时 （时态）， since 引导的从句动词若是非延续性动，译为：自从已经多久了 since 引导的从句动词若是延续性动，译为：不已经多久了状语从句（四）之地点状语从句、学习目标1.学习状语从句的基本用法2.学会在具体情境中对连接词的运用二、学习重点：状语从句连接词的选用三、学习难点：学会在做题中总结如何使用正确的连接词 预习案Task 1观察例句并总结用法：1）Where there is a will, there is a way. 2）Wherever you go，you should do your work well. 3）Everywhere they went，they were kindly received.4）I found my books where I had left them.总结： wherever在任何.地方，无论哪里 Everywhere 每个地方where 在.地方，去.地方Task 2 请判断下列各句中where 引导的状语从句还是定语从句：5）Go back to the place where you come from. ( 定语从句 )6）This is the shop where I bought my bike. ( 定语从句 )7）Go back where you come from. ( 状语从句 )8）Make a mark where you have any questions. ( 状语从句 )总结：你是根据什么作出判断的？_状语从句（五）之方式状语从句、学习目标1.学习状语从句的基本用法2.学会在具体情境中对连接词的运用3.掌握状语从句与其他从句的区别二、学习重点：状语从句连接词的选用三、学习难点：学会在做题中总结如何使用正确的连接词 预习案常用引导词：as, as if/though, 特殊引导词：the way 注意：as if 或 as though 引导的从句有时需要用 虚拟 语气，从句中可以采用省略形式：Task 1 完成下列句子：1）When in Rome, do as the Roman do.2）She behaved as if she were the boss.3）Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us.4）Do as you are told to, or you will be fired.5）The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son.6）I feel as if I have a fever.7）She stood at the gate, as if she was waiting for someone.= She stood at the gate, as if waiting for someone. （省略形式）状语从句（六）之目的状语从句目的状语从句的引导词有so that， so.that，in order that ，for fear that, in case, lest Task 1完成下列句并总结用法1)They hurried so that they might not miss the train.2)We will seat so near the front that we can hear more clearly. 3)In order that everyone present might hear her clearly，she raised her voice4)Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.5)The boy hid himself behind the tree _ for fear that his father ( should ) see him.总结：so that， so.that，in order that 引导目的状语从句，从句中常用一些情态动词。for fear that, in case, lest 几个短语引导目的状语从句都表示 万一，惟恐，含有否定的意义。谓语动词可以使用 should +动词原形 。状语从句（七）之.原因状语从句 、学习目标1.学习状语从句的基本用法2.学会在具体情境中对连接词的运用二、学习重点：状语从句连接词的选用三、学习难点：学会在做题中总结如何使用正确的连接词预习案Task 1 请用because, as, since, now（ that）, Seeing （that），Considering that完成下列句子并总结用法：1）-Why were you absent from the meeting?-Because I was ill.2）As it is raining, we shall not go to the park.3）Now that/Since everybody is here, lets begin our class.4）Since you are busy, you dont have to go.5) Seeing that hes ill,he is unlikely to come.6)Considering that they are just beginners， they are doing quite a good job.总结：because表示_必然的因果关系 ，译为：因为_, 用来回答_why_提出的问题；as表示_较为明显的原因， 译为： 由于_, as引导的从句可以在主句前或者后， since/now that 表示 已知的原因 翻译成 既然 _; since/now that 引导的从句只能在主句_之前 _.Seeing that，Considering that都有 鉴于.事实，考虑到. 的意思。 Task 2 请用because,for完成下列句子7)It must have rained last night, for it is wet all over. 8)The day breaks，for the birds are singing.(不可用because，因为鸟叫不是天亮的原因9) He went to bed early, because he was tired. (直接的理由) 总结： for,为并列连词，也可表示原因，起补充说明的作用。because表示直接原因。Task 3 在强调结构It Is / was.that和关联词not.but 引导的原因状语从句中，宜用 because。 10)Its because he helped you that Im prepared to help him. 11)He decided to give up the chance of going abroad, not because he did not want to but because his wife was ill.状语从句（八）之条件状语、学习目标1.学习状语从句的基本用法2.学会在具体情境中对连接词的运用二、学习重点：状语从句连接词的选用三、学习难点：学会在做题中总结如何使用正确的连接词预习案常用引导词：if, unless once 特殊引导词：as/so long as, providing/provided that, suppose that, in case that, on condition thatTask 1 完成下列句子1) Well start our project if the president agrees.2)You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying.3)Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here.4)You will fail the exam unless you study hard.5)You will fail the exam _if_ you _dont_ study hard.6)_As long as _you dont lose heart, you will succeed.Task 2 当if从句的条件不是真实的或难以实现的条件时，要用_.7）If I _knew_(know) his address, I _would tell_( tell) you.8）If you _had come_(come) here yesterday, you _would have seen_ (see) her.9）If it _should rain _(rain) tomorrow, I _would stay _(stay) at home. Task 3 条件状语从句中也可以省略例如：10）Come tomorrow if it is possible. = Come tomorrow if possible.11）He has no money. If there is any, he will give you some.= He has no money. If any, he will give you some.12）We all know that, if it is not carefully dealt with, the situation will get worse.= We all know that, if not carefully dealt with, the situation will get worse.Task 4 在条件状语从句中时态问题： 主将从现 原则。13)You will find a way if you use （use）your head.14)Dont leave the room unless the teacher tells (tell )you to.15)I will go (go)there provided it doesnt rain.16)Once you understand the rules, you will have (have) no trouble.状语从句（九）之让步状语从句、学习目标1.学习状语从句的基本用法2.学会在具体情境中对连接词的运用3.掌握状语从句与其他从句的区别二、学习重点：状语从句连接词的选用三、学习难点：学会在做题中总结如何使用正确的连接词预习案常用引导词：even if, even though 意为 即使 though, although,（不与but 连用，可与 yet ,或 still 连用though引导的从句可以倒装，也可以不倒装;特殊引导词：while (多用在正式文体位于句首 )，in spite of the fact that, as 引导让步状语从句，从句中的 表语，状语， 形置于句首，需用倒装语序。no matter -what/who/where/whenever/how/ which意为 无论 引导状语或名词性从句。whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever意为 无论.只引导状语从句。注意：no matter how/however +adj./adv.Task 1 完成下列句子。1）Much as I respect him, I cant agree to his proposal.2）The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough.3）No matter how hard he tried, she could not change her mind.4）He wont listen whatever you may say.5）He is unhappy, _though_he has a lot of money.6）Although _ it was raining hard, yet they went on playing football.7）Busy _As_ I were, I would goTask 2汉译英(as)：8）.尽管他是孩子，她却懂得很多。_Kid as she is ,_she knows a lot ._9）.虽然我很喜欢它，但我不会买的，因为它太贵了。_Although I like it very much, _I wont buy it, for its too expensive.10）.不管他怎样努力，还是找不到工作。_No matter how hard he tries_, he couldnt find a job.11) Whatever you say (=No matter what _), he wont believe you.12)Wherever (=_No matter where_) you go, I will go.13)Whoever (=_No matter who_) you are , you must obey the rules.状语从句（十）之结果状语从句预习案Task 1观察例句，概括结构：1）Mike is such an honest worker that we all believe him.2）Mike is so honest a worker that we all believe him.3）It is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park.4）He earned so little money that he couldnt support his family.总结：so+adj./adv.+that ；su