常用it作形式主语的句型结构.doc

_常用it作形式主语的句型结构 It + be +形容词+ that-从句可用于此句型的形容词有: wonderful,true，good，right，wrong，（un）important，useless，surprising，clear，unusual，lucky，certain, necessary等。如： Itisquitecertainthat hewillbeatthemeeting. It is surprising that he came late to school this morning. Itisimportantthatwe(should)studyhard注意: 该句型中的形容词是（un）important, necessary等时，从句应为 (should )+动词原形。 It + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句 适用该句型的过去分词主要有: said,reported,announced,hoped,thought，told，believed，expected，decided，suggested,known等。如： Itishopedthatonedaytheywillhaveenoughanimalstosetthemfree It is well known that the earth goes around the sun. It is suggested that the sports meeting (should ) be put off until next week.注意: 该句型的过去分词是suggested时，从句应为 (should )+动词原形。 It + be +名词+ that-从句 适用该句型的名词（词组）有: apity，anhonor，agoodthing，afact，asurprise，goodnews, ones duty等。 如： Itisapity(that)youmissedthesportsmeetinglastweek. ItisafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage. Itseemappearhappen的适当形式that从句。该句型常可以转换成含不定式的简单句。如： Itseemsthatthereisabigwastepipecomingdownfromthetown.Thereseemstobeabigwastepipecomingdownfromthetown. Heappearedto becalm,butinsidehisheartwasbeatingwildlywithfear.Itappearedthathewascalm,butinsidehisheartwasbeatingwildlywithfear. Itdoesntmatter ( Its no wonder; It doesnt make much difference等)when/where/which/whether等从句。如： Doesit matterifhecantfinishthejobontime? Theyareallclassmates. It isnowonder theyshouldhelpeachotherwiththeirstudies. It+be+adj./n.(forsb./ofsb.)+todosth. 该句型中的形容词通常是表示事物的特点或特征的如difficult，hard，easy，impossible，necessary，important等，此时用for；或表示人的性格特征或特点的如nice，good，bad，kind，silly，foolish，wise，clever，careless，rude，brave，cruel，careful，grateful等，这时要用of。如： It is foolish of you to give up such a good chance. It is necessary for college students to master at least a foreign language It作形式主语常见句型动词不定式，动名词或主语从句作主语时，通常把它们放在谓语动词前，而用it作形式主语，放到句首，常见句型有：1. It + be + 形容词+主语从句，如：It is uncertain whether he can come to Jennys birthday party or not.2. It + be + 名词词组 + 主语从句，这类名词有：a fact, a pity, a shame, an honour，a question等，如：Its a pity that you missed the exciting football match.It remains a question whether he will come or not.3. It + be + 过去分词 + 主语从句，这类过去分词有：announced, believed, expected, hoped, decided, reported, said, shown等， 如：It is reported that 16 people were killed in the earthquake.It is not decided who will give the operation to the patient.4. It + 不及物动词(seem, appear, happen等) + 主语从句, 这类不及物动词有：appear, happen, seem等， 如：It seemed that he didnt tell the truth.It happened that I was out when he called.5. It + be + 形容词 + for sb.）+ 动词不定式这类句型常用形容词easy, difficult, hard, important, possible，wise等作表语，有时候为了强调不定式动作的执行者，常在不定式前加for sb，如：Its necessary for the young to master two foreign language.It is unwise to give the children whatever they want.这类形容词有：easy, difficult, hard, important, possible，wise6. It + be + 形容词 + of sb. + 动词不定式，这类形容词常是表示心理品质,性格特征的形容词，如：kind, nice stupid, clever, foolish, polite, impolite, silly, selfish, considerate等。某人和这些形容词可以构成主系表结构。如：Its very kind of you to help me with the work.=You are kind to help me.It seemed selfish of him not to share his dictionary with others.=He seemed selfish not to share his dictionary with others.7. It + be +名词词组 + 动词不定式，如：It is not a good habit to stay up too late.8. It + be + 名词或形容词 + 动名词，这类名词和形容词常常是：good, no good, no use, a waste of, useless, senseless等，如：Its a waste of time talking to her any more.It is no use arguing about the matter with him.9. It + take ( sb. )+ 时间（金钱）+ 动词不定式，如：It took the workers almost three years to finish building the dam.It will take a whole day to get to the top of the mountain on foot.实战演练：1. It is generally considered unwise to give a child he or she wants. (NMET 1997)A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever2. In fact is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match. (2001 上海)A. this B. that C. there D. it3. is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. (NMET1995)A. There B. This C. That D. It4. Is necessary to take off our shoes when we enter the lab? (MET88)A. everyone B. this C. her D. it5. _ will take you a lot of time to find him in the crowd.A. It B. I C. We D. They6. It is no use his _ there, the situation is hopeless now.A. to go B. to be going C. going D. having gone7. It is never too late to learn, _? A. is it B. isnt it C. does it D. doesnt it8. _ is known to all that Shenzhou VI Launched Successfully. A. As B. What C. It D. That9. _ is reported in the newspaper, the Earthquake in east Chinas Jiangxi Province killed 13 people A. It B. As C. That D. What10. _ certain that his invention will make peoples life convenient. A. Thats B. This is C. Its D. Whats11. _ that there is another football match on the air this evening. A. It says B. It was said C. It is said D. What was said12. _ that their daughter got an opportunity to study abroad. A. Its a exciting news B. This is an exciting news C. This is exiting news D. Its exciting news参考答案：15 BDDDA 610CACAC 1112CD一、主语从句的概念与类型主语从句在复合句中作主句的主语,引导主语从句的词有从属连词that, whether以及连接代词who, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever和连接副词when, where, why, how等.例如:That she was chosen made us very happy.她当选了使我们很高兴.What caused the accident is a complete mystery.是什么导致了这次事故还完全是一个谜.Whether she will come or not is still a question.她是否来还是一个问题.Which team will win the match is still unknown.哪个队会赢得这场比赛还不知道.Whoever comes to the party will receive a present.参加聚会的每一个人都将收到一份礼物.When they will start has not been decided yet.他们何时出发还没决定.注意:上述例句中的主语从句都是放在句首,但有时为了使句子结构平衡,避免头重脚轻,常用it作形式主语,而把从句放在后面.例如:It is a pity that she has made such a mistake.她犯了这样一个错误,真是遗憾.It depends on the climate whether they are going shopping today.他们是否今天去购物还得看天气情况.这样就构成了下面一些常用句型:1)It is + adj. / n. +从句It is a pity/shame that.遗憾的是It is possible that.很可能It is unlikely that.不可能2)It +不及物动词+从句It seems/appears that.似乎It happened that.碰巧3)It + be +过去分词+从句It is said that.据说It is known to all that.众所周知It is reported that.据报道It is believed that.据信;人们相信It is suggested that.有人建议It must be pointed out that.必须指出It has been proved that.已证明.例如:It is believed that at least a score of buildings were damaged or destroyed.据信,至少有二十座楼房遭到破坏或彻底毁掉.It is suggested that the meeting should be put off.有人建议会议延期召开.Its reported that three people were killed in the accident and five were hurt badly.据报道,事故中三人丧生,五人重伤.It is known to all that Taiwan is an inseparable part of China.众所周知,台湾是中国不可分割的一部分.巩固练习1. Does _ matter if he cant finish the job on time? A. this B. that C. he D. it2. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey. A. which B. that C. if D. for3. _ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.A. There B. This C. That D. It二、学习主语从句应该注意的几个问题1)引导词that与whatwhat既有引导主语从句的作用,同时又在从句中作句子成分(主语、宾语、表语等).这时what相当于all that/everything that.,常译成所的(东西、事情、话等.);而that只起连接作用,本身无实际意义,在从句中也不担当任何句子成分.但that引导的主语从句放在句首时,不能省略that.例如:What is done cant be undone. (谚语)已成定局,无可挽回.What we cant get seems better than what we have.我们得不到的东西似乎比已得到的要好.That we should work out a plan to deal with the present serious situation is important.我们应该制定一项计划来应付目前严峻的形势,这一点非常重要.That a new teacher will come to teach us geography is true.一位新老师将来教我们地理,这是真的.巩固练习4. _ what they told me really true?A. Has B. Is C. Does D. Have5. It matters little _ a man dies, but _ matters much is _ he lives.A. how; what; how B. how; it; how C. why; it; why D. that; what; that6. _ she couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. A. What; why B. That; what C. What; because D. Why; that7. It is pretty well understood _ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today. A. that B. when C. what D. how8. _ fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect. A. What B. That C. This D. Which9. -What made her parents so angry?- _ she had failed in the examination.A. As B. Because C. Since D. That2)引导词if和whetherif和whether引导动词后的宾语从句时一般可通用,但介词后的宾语从句、主语从句(放在句首时)、表语从句常由whether引导.例如:Whether she will go home or not is unknown.她是否回家还不得而知. Whether we shall raise ducks or geese remains to be decided.我们是养鸭还是养鹅仍没决定.=It remains to be decided whether/if we shall raise ducks or geese.但我们不能说If we shall raise ducks or geese remains to be decided.巩固练习10. _ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where 3)其它引导词连接代词who, which, whom, whose有各自的意义,起连接作用,并在从句中充当语、宾语、表语、定语等;连接副词when,where, why, how等有各自的意义,起连接作用,并在从句中充当状语.巩固练习11. -Do you remember _ he came? -Yes, I do. He came by car.A. how B. when C. that D. if12. It was a matter of _ would take the position. A. who B. whose C. whom D. whomever13. -I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.-Is that _ you had a few days off?A. why B. when C. what D. where14. I read about it in some book or other, does it matter _ it was? A. where B. what C. how D. which三、语气在It is necessary / natural / important / strange.+ that-clause这类句型里,that所引导的主语从句中谓语动词用should +原形,表虚似语气.例如:It is necessary that the problem should be settled at once.这个问题必须马上解决.Its strange that he should have gone away without telling us.他竟然没向我们说一声就走了,真是奇怪.巩固练习15. It is necessary that a college student _ at least a foreign language. A. masters B. should master C. mastered D. will master四、以it作形式主语的主语从句与强调句型的区别It be + adj./n. + that-clause与强调句型均有It be.that.之类的语言标志,但不同的是:前者中的that从句是主语从句.若删掉其中的It be和that,则剩余部分不论结构还是语意都不能成为一个句子;但若将后者中的It be和that去掉,则剩余部分的结构和语意仍能构成一个完整的句子.强调句型译为汉语时可加上正是或就是之类的字眼,而主语从句则不可以.请比较下面两个句子:It is surprising that Mary should have won first place.令人惊奇的是玛莉竟然获得了第一名.It is Mary that has won first place.正是玛莉得了第一名.第一句话中的It是形式主语,that引导的是主语从句.句中的It is和that无法删除,一旦删除句子就不成立.第二句是强调句型,其中的It is和that可以去掉,因为没有It is和that句子仍然很通顺.Key: 1-5 DBDBA 6-10 ACBDB 11-15 AAADB 表语从句1 The traditional view is _ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so. (2007上海) A. when B. why C. whether D. that 答案 D 解析 下划线处之后是包含一个原因状语从句的表语从句，如果看不出它是充当整个句子结构的表语从句将难以把握整个句子的意思。因此， 应选择可引导名词性从句且不充当任何成分的that。 考题2You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is _ I disagree. (2004) A. why B. where C. what D. how 答案 B 解析 下划线处的引导词引导系动词is后的表语从句并在该表语从句中充当地点状语(“disagree”属于不及物动词， “I disagree”本身是完整的主谓结构)， 下划线应填入引导词where， 表语从句“where I disagree”的意思是“我不同意之处、 我不同意的地方”。 考题3 I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. Is that _ you had a few days off? (1999) A. why B. when C. what D. where 答案 A 解析 下划线处的引导词引导与系动词is连用的表语从句并在该表语从句中充当原因状语， 下划线应填入表示“因此”(指因某种原因所造成的结果)的引导词why。 考题4_ she couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. (2000上海) A. What; why B. That; what C. What; because D. Why; that 答案 A 解析 第一个下划线处的引导词引导主语从句并在该主语从句中充当宾语，特指她所不理解的事情， 应填入关系代词型的引导词what； 第二个下划线处表示“因此”(指因某种原因所造成的后果， 由why引导对应的名词性从句)而不是“为什么”(指原因、 理由， 由because引导对应的名词性从句)， 应填入引导词why。 考题5_ made the school proud was _ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities. (2003上海春) A. What; because B. What; that C. That; what D. That; because 答案 B 解析 第一个下划线处的引导词引导主语从句并在该主语从句中充当主语，特指令校方骄傲的事情， 应选用关系代词型的引导词what； 第二个下划线处引导表语从句表示原因、 理由， 应由that引导对应的名词性从句。 考题6 Are you still thinking about yesterdays game? Oh, thats _. (2003北京春) A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited about C. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited 答案 A 解析 A选项的意思是“令我感觉激动的事物”； B选项的意思是“我觉得激动的任何事物”； C选项的意思是“我对它感觉的方式”； D选项的意思是“令我感觉激动的时间”。四个选项中A最适合跟代表“game”的主语that对应，充当表语从句。高中宾语从句详细用法和高考宾语从句专项练习 2011-10-25 06:51 提问者：聪明宝宝77 | 浏览次数：615次宾语从句2011-10-25 09:49 最佳答案 你好。定语从句专项练习题及详解50题 1.The place _interested me most was the Childrens Palace. A. Which B. where C. what D. in which 2.Do you know the man _? A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke 3.This is the hotel _last month. A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed C. where they stayed at D. where they stayed 4.Do you know the year _the Chinese Communist Party was founded? A. which B. that C. when D. on which 5.That is the day _Ill never forget. A. which B. on which C. in which D. when 6.The factory _well visit next week is not far from here. A. where B. to which C. which D. in which 7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _we are working. A. where B. that C. which D. there 8.This is one of the best films _. A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked 9.Can you lend me the book _the other day? A. about which you talked B. which you talked C. about that you talked D. that you talked 10.The pen _he is writing is mine. A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which 11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of _sat a small boy. A. whom B. who C. which D. that 12.The engineer _my father works is about 50 years old. A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom 13.It there anyone in your class _family is in the country? A. who B. whos C. which D. whose 14.Im interested in _you have said. A. all that B. all what C. that D. which 15.I want to use the same dictionary _was used yesterday. A. which B. who C. what D. as 16.He isnt such a man _he used to be. A. who B. whom C. that D. as 17.He is good at English, _we all know. A. that B. as C. whom D. what 18.Li Ming, _to the concert enjoyed it very much. A. I went with B. with whom I went C. with who I went D.I went with him 19.I dont like _ as you read. A. the novels B. the such novels C. such novels D. same novels 20.He talked a lot about things and persons _they remembered in the school. A. which B. that C. whom D. what 21.The letter is from my sister, _is working in Beijing. A. which B. that C. whom D. who 22.In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of _are women. A. them B. which C. whom D. who 23.Youre the only person _Ive ever met _could do it. A. who;/ B./; whom C. whom;/ D./; who 24.I lost a book, _I cant remember now. A. whose title B. its title C. the title of it D. the title of that 25.Last summer we visited the West Lake, _Hangzhou is famous in the world. A. for which B. for that C. in which D. what 26.I have bought such a watch _ was advertised on TV. A. that B. which C. as D. it 27.I can never forget the day _ we worked together and the day _ we spent together. A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when 28.The way _he looks at problems is wrong. A. which B. whose C. what D./ 29.This is the reason _he didnt come to the meeting. A. in which B. with which C. that D. for which 30.This machine, _for many years, is still working perfectly. A. after which I have looked B. which I have looked after C. that I have looked after D. I have looked after 31.The reason _he didnt come was _he was ill. A. why; that B.that;why C. for that;that D.for which;what 32.He is working hard, _will make him pass the final exam. A.that B.which C.for which D.who 33.That is not the way _I do it. A./ B.which C.for which D.with which 34.I have two grammars, _are of great use. A. all of which B. either of which C. both of that D. both of which 35.I want to use the same tools _used in your factory a few days ago. A. as was B. which was C. as were D. which 36.My neigh bours used to give me a hand in time of trouble, _ was very kind of them. A. who B. which C. that D. it 37.This is the magazine _ I copied the paragraph. A. that B. which C. from that D. from which 38.He is not such a man _ would leave his work half done. A. that B. which C. who D. as 39. You can depend on whatever promise _ he makes. A. / B. why C. when D. whose 40. Smoking, _ is a bad habit, is, however, popular. A. that B. which C. it D. though 41. - Did you ask the guard _ happened? - Yes, he told me all _ he knew. A. what; that B. what; what C. which; which D. that; that 42. I shall never forget those years _ I lived on the farm with the farmers, _ has a great effect on my life. A. when; who B. that; which C. which; that D. when; which 43. The number of the people who _ cars _ increasing. A. owns; are B. owns; is C. own; is D. own; are 44. During the days _, he worked as a servant at the Browns. A. followe