人教版八年级英语上册第一单元重点知识总结.doc

八年级英语上册Unit 11. Words(四会单词“ 听说读写”)anyone anywhere wonderful few most something nothing everyone myself yourself hen pig seem bored someone diary enjoyable activity decide try bird bicycle building trader wonder difference top wait umbrella wet below enough hungry as hill ck dislike 重点讲解：wonder：V想知道Eg: I wonder if I pass the exam.我想知道我有没有通过考试。Wonder：N 奇观Eg: the seven wonders of the world世界七大奇观Wonderful: adj 形容词：令人高兴的，极好的，使人愉快的Eg: We have a wonderful trip in Beijing.我们在北京玩的很开心。bored adj 厌烦的/无趣的/讨厌的Eg:The long speech bored us .长篇的讲话令我们厌烦。Boring adj 令人烦的Eg:I am very bored.我很无聊。 Its a boring story.真是个无聊的故事。Bored 主语是人Boring 主语是物enjoyable adj 有趣的，令人愉快的 Eg: Its an enjoyable party.这是个有趣的聚会。Enjoy V 享受,欣赏，拥有Eg:I enjoyed every minute in cinema.在电影院的每分钟我都很享受。feel like 感到像是Eg: I feel like hell.我感到像在地狱。difference n 不同，差异，差别 difference between .and .Eg:This is the difference between you and me .这就是你我的差别。Different .adj 不同的Eg：They are different.他们是不同的。make a difference 有影响，有关系enough adv/adj 副词/形容词 充分的（地），足够的（地）Eg: You can go to school when you old enough.当你够年龄了你就可以上学了。形容词修饰enough时，要前置，放在enough的前面。Eg: big enough 够大as adv 像一样Eg:They want peace as much as we do .他们像我们一样希望和平。dislike v/n 不喜爱，厌恶Eg:Why do you dislike her so much ?你为什么那么讨厌她？I dislike selfish people。我讨厌自私的人。n, 不喜欢的事物Eg: likes and dislikes 好恶 2. Phrases1) stay at 暂住，呆在 stay at home 呆在家里 stay away 外出 stay away from 远离Eg:I stayed at home last weekend.上周末我呆在家里。Why did you stay away from study?你为什么缺课？They told him to stay away from these people .他们让他远离这些人。stay in 呆着，呆在家里Eg:Are you staying in today ?你今天在家吧？（系动词+V-ing）2) go to 去，到Eg:She goes to school everyday.她每天都去上学。（第三人称单数）go with 和，伴随，陪同Eg:I go with my sister. 我和我姐一起去。与相配Eg:That shirt goes with your jeans.那个衬衫和你的裤子很配。 3) Long time no see!好久不见。4) on vacation 在度假中holiday vacationHoliday 一般指可长可短的假期；英式表达Vacation 表较长的假期；美式表达 5) quite a few 不少，相当多many(后加可数名词)Eg:We bought quite a few books .我们买了很多书。Quite a little 许多much （后加不可数名词）Eg:Do you have money? 你有钱吗？-Quite a little.很多。6) most of 大多数Eg:Most of tje people here know each other.这里大多数人都互相认识。most ; most of若所修饰的名词前无限定词用most。相反，有限定词用most of。Eg:Most people agree with me.多数人同意我的意见。Most of her money was stolen.她的大部分钱被偷走了。most 修饰名词时表示泛指。most of 修饰名词时表示特指，of”的”表所属关系，固定了范围，所以是特指。 7) Have a good time 过得愉快have a great time =have fun =enjoy yourself=have a nice day=have a wonderful time 8) Seem to 看上去，似乎，好像Eg:I seem to have caught a cold.我好像是感冒了。Seem to be 看起来，看上去Eg:He seems to be very happy.他看起来非常开心。根据时态变化。9) Arrive in 到达Eg:We finally arrived in New York in America.我们终于到达了美国纽约。 arrive in ;arrive atArrive in +(大地方) 城市 arrive at +(小地方)街道，学校，公园10) Decide .v 决定Eg:I decided to go to Rome.我决定去罗马。decision . n 决定11) try v 尝试Eg:Have a try. 试一下。Try to do 努力去做某事Eg:You must try to solve this problem.你一定要努力解决这个问题。Try doing sth Eg:I try gardening but didnt succeed,我是这种花但是失败了。try my best 尽全力；尽我最大的努力。12) Start v 开始Start to do sth 开始Eg:The ice started to melt.冰开始融化了。Start doing sth 开始做 Eg:The baby start crying.宝宝开始哭了。13) Because of 因为，由于Eg:I feel sad because of your words.因为你的话让我感到很伤心。because;because of Because+句子Because of+短语或词汇Eg:I feel sad because i lost my key.我感动很沮丧因为我丢了钥匙。I feel happy because of your hug.因为你的拥抱我感到很开心。14) Wait for 等待Eg:I am waiting for the last bus.我正在等最后一趟公共汽车。3. Grammar1） 不定代词定义：不指明代替任何指定名词和形容词作用是代替名词和形容词在句子中做主语，宾语，定语等。常用不定代词见书P112总结特点：some(thing,one,body,where)Any(thing,one,body,where)Not(hing,one,body,where)短语：Both of 两者都 None of 三者或三者以上都不Either 两者中任何一个 all 三者或三者以上都Neither 两者都不重点：Some 肯定句（可用于疑问句，党表示请求、建议希望得到肯定回答时）eg:Would you like some water?Any 否定句、疑问句不定代词+形容词 eg:something important形容词要后置于不定代词，就是把形容词放在不定代词后面肯定否定可数A fewfew不可数A little little注：a 就说明”有点“不定代词含义数量关系Both两者都=2all三者或三者以上3either两者中任何一个=2neither两者都不=2none三者或三者以上都不3each每一个2（each other 彼此，互相）every每一个3any三者或三者以上任何一个3noneNo one含义没有什么人或物没有人，只指人回答How many /how much whoEg:How many books/people are there in the classroom ?-None.Who is in the room ?-No one.either;neither;both ofeitherneitherBoth of两者中任何一个两者都不两者都加复数名词V（单数）V（单数）V（复数）2） 一般过去时(中考的重点知识)表示过去的动作和状态基本结构：肯定句：主语+动词过去式+其他Eg:I bought a car yesterday.昨天我买了一辆汽车。否定句：was/were +not;wasnt/werentEg:I wasn/t an english teacher one year ago.一年前我不是一名英语教师。在行为动词前加didnt, 还原行为动词原形。Eg:I didnt buy a car yesterday.我昨天没买汽车。疑问句：was /were 提前到句首。Eg:Were you an english teacher one year ago ?一年前你是一名英语教师吗？-Yes,I was.-No,I wasnt.Did +主语+V（原形）+其他？Eg:Did you buy a car yesterday?-Yes,I did.-No,I didnt.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词（What,when,where,who,how）+一般疑问句？Eg:What were you one year ago ?一年前你是做什么的？When did you buy a car?你什么时候买的车？基本用法：1.表示在过去某个时间所发生的动作或所处的状态。（与现在无关）常与过去具体时间状语连用。Eg:yesterday,last week,in 1991,just now(刚才)，a year ago(一年前)Eg:What did you do yesterday?昨天你干什么了？He was here just now.他刚才还在这里。I watched TV yesterday.我昨天看电视了。2. 在过去一段时间内的经常性或习惯性动作。（与一般现在时的用法相似）Eg:We often played together when we were young.我们小的时候经常一起玩。We often play together now.我们现在经常一起玩。例句末的时