高三英语冠词复习.ppt

高考英语语法一轮复习冠词(article),冠词分类:冠词是虚词，本身不能单独使用，也没有词义，它用在名词的前面，帮助指明名词的含义。英语中的冠词有三种：不定冠词a(n),定冠词the,零冠词冠词的用法：,单数名词,泛指单一，每一，任一事物类指,上文提到过的人或事物说话双方默认的人或事物世界上独一无二的事物类指被限制性修饰语所限定的人或事,a(n),the,特指,复数名词不可数名词,the特指上文提到过的人或事物说话双方默认的人或事物被限制性修饰语所限定的人或事,零冠词泛指的人或事物类指,不定冠词的用法：a用于辅音音素前，而an则用于元音音素前。1)表示“一个”，意为one；或表every(重量，时间，长度等单位).Ihaveamouth,anoseandtwoeyes.Iearned10dollarsanhour.(=everyhour).ataspeedofeightymilesanhour2)代表一类人或物,侧重于类别中任何一个的特点Aknifeisatoolforcuttingwith.,3).当第一次提到某人或某物，且并非特指时，用不定冠词a或an起介绍作用Sheisworkinginafactory.,4.用于人名前，表示“一位名叫的人/人的作品”或表示与某人有类似性质的人或事物(acertain)AMr.Smithcametovisityouwhenyouwentout.Thepaintingisexpectedtobeapicasso.HewishestobecomeaNewton.,5表示乐器,世界上独一无二的事物的名词前一般用定冠词the,但前面如果出现定语修饰，也可能用不定冠词a,an。Hestartshisdaybyplayingtheviolin.Heisplayingaborrowedviolin.theworld,apeacefulworld,表示一日三餐的名词前面一般不用冠词，但前面如果有了定语修饰，也可能用不定冠词a,an。Haveyouhadsupper?Wehadawonderfulsupper.,6.放在抽象名词前，用来表示具体的一个人或一件事,asuccess/pleasure/failure/concernTherewasaheavyrainyesterday.,7.在形容词最高级前表示“非常”是需要不定冠词,UnitNineisamostdifficultunit,butitisntthemostdifficultunitinBookOne.,8.表示thesame意思Theyareofanage(=ofthesameage).,9.在序数词前表示“又一，再一”Thisisthesecondtime(表排序)Ivebeenhere.Iwanttobehereathirdtime(不表排序).,词组或成语。onceinawhile/forawhile/haveagiftfor/haveawordwith/haveaswim/keepadiary/agreatmany/manya/inashortwhile/allofasudden/atadistance/makeadifference,keepaneyeon/dosbafavor/atadistance/onceuponatime/haveaknowledgeof/haveanunderstandingof/amatterof/haveapopulationof/acollectionof,注意：weather,fun,space(宇宙uc.，场所，用地，区域c.),advice,word(news),progress,information,furniture,equipment,nature,man(人类),luggage/buggage永远不与不定冠词连用,不定冠词位置,不定冠词常位于名词或名词修饰语前。,what/such/half/quite/rather/many+a(n)+单数名词,Ihaveneverseensuchananimal.Manyamanisfitforthejob.Hewillbebackinhalfanhour.Whatagoodday!quite/ratheradifficultproblem,2.as,so,too,how,however+adj.+a(n)+单数名词ItisaspleasantadayasIhaveeverspent.Soshortatime.Toolongadistance.Howevercleverastudentis,heshouldfollowtheteachersinstructionsnow.,3.在as，though引导的让步状语从句中，当表语为单数名词时，并将其倒装时，其前不用冠词；否则用冠词：,Bravemanthough/asheis，hetremblesatthesightofsnakes.Though/Althoughsheisayounggirl,1.Fiveyearsagoherbrotherwas_universitystudentof_physics.(1990上海).a;theB.an;theC.an;/D.a;/2.Haveyouseen_pen?Ileftitherethismorning.Isit_blackone?IthinkIsawitsomewhere.(1997全国)A.a;theB.the;theC.the;aD.a;a3.Whereismyblueshirt?Itsinthewashingmachine.Youhavetowear_differentone.(2003春)A.anyB.theC.aD.other4.TheWilsonslivein_A-shapedhousenearthecoast.Itis_17thcenturycottage.(2004浙江)A.the,/B.an,theC./,theD.an,a5.Therewas_time_Ihatedtogotoschool.(2004湖北)A.a,thatB.a,whenC.the,thatD.the,when,6.In_reviewof44studies,Americanresearchersfoundthatmenandwomenwhoatesixkeyfoodsdailycuttheriskof_heartdiseaseby76%.(2006湖南)a;theB.the;aC.a;不填D.不填;a7.Iearn10dollars_houras_supermarketcashieronSaturdays.(2003上海)A.a;anB.the;aC.an;aD.an;the8.Foralongtimetheywalkedwithoutsaying_word.Jimwasthefirsttobreak_silence.(2004湖南)A.the;aB.a;theC.a;不填D.the;不填9.Mrs.Tailorhas_8-year-olddaughterwhohas_giftforpaintingshehaswontwonationalprizes.(2005浙江)A.a,aB.an,theC.an,aD.the,a10.Whenheleft_college,hegotajobas_reporterinanewspaperoffice.(2004天津)A.不填；aB.不填；theC.a;theD.the;the,定冠词的用法,某个或某些特定的人或东西。,1.特指双方都明白的人或物：,Takethemedicine.Closethewindow,please.,2.上文提到过的人或事：,Heboughtahouse.Ivebeentothehouse.,3.指世上独一物二的事物：,thesun，thesky，themoon，theearth除nature,space,man,4.单数名词连用表示一类人或事物，表示整个类别，区别与其他类别用于在发明物的单数名词前，既表示特指又表示类别,thetigerisindangerofbecomingextinct.(atiger不能用),Bellinventedthetelephonein1976.,5.与形容词或分词连用，表示一类人或物：therich；thewounded；theunexpected(are),6.用在序数词和形容词最高级，及形容词only，very，same,whole等前面：,Wheredoyoulive?Iliveonthesecondfloor.ThatstheverythingIvebeenlookingfor.,7.与复数名词或集体名词连用，指整个群体：,Theyaretheteachersofthisschool.（指全体教师)Theyareteachersofthisschool.(指部分教师)8.相当于物主代词，用在表示身体部位的名词前,动词(hit,pat,strike,catch,seize,take)+sb.+prep.+the+身体某一部位,Shecaughtmebythearm.Somebodypattedhimontheshoulder。hithimonthehead/intheface,9.用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级、党派，方位，方向等专有名词前：,thePeoplesRepublicofChina/theUnitedStates/theleft/thegreatwall/thesummerpalace/theWTO/the2008Olympicgames不含普通名词的纯专有名词不用冠词，如Beijing,NewYork.,10.用在表示西洋乐器的名词之前，表课程不用the,Sheplaysthepiano.Herjobisteachingpiano.,中国乐器不用冠词playErhu,playmusic,11.用在姓氏的复数名词之前，表示一家人：,theGreens格林一家人(或格林夫妇)theChens姓陈一家,12.用在年代，朝代及逢十的复数名词前，表示“世纪的某个年代”,HebegantolearnRussianinthe1950s/1950s.inones50stheTangDynasytheSpringandAutumnPeriod,13.用于江河，湖海，山川，海峡，运河，海湾，群岛,建筑物等的名词前,theChangjiangRivertheRochyMountaintheTaiwanStraitsthePhilippinesTheWestLake,14.用于比较级的句型中,Themorewethinkofourlife,thehappierwefeel.越就越Whichisthelargercountry,CanadaorAmerica?Lilyisthetallerofthetwogirls.两者中比较,16.在有些关于国家和民族的形容词（以-sh,-ch,-ese结尾）前加上定冠词，泛指这个国家和民族的全体人员,theChinesearehard-workingwhiletheFrenchareromantic,17.表示计量单位的名词前用the,如果表示单位的名词为不可数名词，不用冠词(byweight/height)Irentedthehousebythemonth.Youcanhirethecarbythehour.Eggsaretoldbythedozen.,用在惯用语中：inthedark,inthedistance,onthewhole,bytheway,theotherday,forthetimebeing暂时intheway挡道makethemostof;notintheleast(notatall);Ontheotherhand;bytheway;onthespot;Gotothedoctors;onthephone/radio,定冠词位置定冠词通常位于名词或名词修饰语前，但放在all，both，such,double，what,quite,half，twice，threetimes，exactly,just,等词之后，名词之前。,exactlythesamecoatjusttherightbookhalfthenovelallthepeopledoubletheamount,1._on-goingdivisionbetweenEnglish-speakingCanadiansandFrench-speakingCanadiansis_majorconcernofthecountry.(2004北京)A.The;不填B.The;aC.An;theD.An;不填,2.On_newstoday,therewere_reportsofheavysnowinthatarea.(2004春)A.the;theB.the；不填C.不填；不填D.不填；the,3.Ifyougrowupin_largefamily,youaremorelikelytodevelop_abilitytogetonwellwith_others.(2005江西)A./;an;theB.a;the;/C.the;an;theD.a;the;the,4.Ifthemanagerhadtochoosebetweenthetwo,hewouldsayJohnwas_.(1995上海)A.goodB.thebestC.betterD.thebetter,5.Summerin_southofFranceisfor_mostpartdryandsunny.(2000京春)A./,aB.the,/C./,/D.the,the,6.Westoodatthetopofthemountain_eastofthecity,watching_burningsunrising.A.不填；aB.the;aC.the;theD.不填；the,7.Aliceisfondofplaying_pianowhileHenryisinterestedinlisteningto_music.(1989全国)A.(不填);theB.(不填);(不填)C.the;(不填)D.the;the,8.Itisnotrarein_thatpeoplein_fiftiesaregoingtouniversityforfurthereducation.(1999上海)A.90s;theB.the90s;/C.90s;theirD.the90s;their,9.Asarule,theworkersarepaid_.(2004上海春)A.bythehourB.byhourC.byanhourD.byhours,10.Abullethitthesoldierandhewaswoundedin_leg.(2001上海)A.aB.oneC.theD.his,11.Itisbelievedthat_youwork,_resultyoullget.(1993上海)A.theharder;thebetterB.themorehard;themostbetterC.theharder;abetterD.morehard;morebetter,零冠词的用法,1不含普通名词的专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词，人名，地名等名词钱前通常不用定冠词：England，Mary，TiananmenSquare,2泛指的复数名词，表示一类人或事物时，可不用定冠词；侧重类别中的许多个体,Farmersarebusyinautumn.,3不可数名词（抽象名词,物质名词）表示一般概念时，通常不加冠词；,Failureisthemotherofsuccess.,Mancannotlivewithoutwater.askforadvicePapermoneyisinuseinChina.,4在季节、月份、节日、假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前，不加冠词；,WegotoschoolfromMondaytoFriday.,5职务或头衔的名词（表语，同位语，宾补）,TheguardstooktheAmericantoGeneralLee.Heispresidentofourcollege.Peopleelectedhimpresident.Tom,presidentofourcollege,isvisitingourclass.Thepresidentisvisitingoutclass.,6在三餐、球类,棋类，学科前，不加冠词如：havebreakfast，playchess,playmusic,teachmathstheEnglishlanguage;inthespringoftheyear2010,7当by与火车等交通工具连用，表示一种方式时，中间无冠词；bybus，bytrain；byair,bysea但如果名词的前面出现了修饰语，前面需加冠词a/aninablackcar.,8.turn用作系动词时，后面作表语的单数名词前不用冠词。,Heturnedwritermanyyearslater.(=Hebecameawritermanyyearslater.),9不用冠词的序数词；a.序数词前有物主代词hissecondbrotherb.序数词作副词Hecamefirstintherace.c.在固定词组中atfirst,firstofall,fromfirsttolast,10.可数名词前有物主代词，指示代词，名词所有格等限制时，不加冠词。称呼前不加冠词。Einsteinstheory;nosuchthingWhatshallIdonext,Mother?,10.两个形容词都有冠词，表示两个不同东西。Heraisesablackandawhitecat.他养了一只黑猫和一只白猫。Theblackandthewhitecatsarehers.这只黑猫和白猫都是他的。,如后一个形容词无冠词，则指一物。Heraisesablackandwhitecat.他养了一只花猫。,11.在独立主格结构的某一形式中“单数名词+介词短语”中，名词前不用冠词。Theteachercamein,bookinhand.Thelittlegirlisveryhappy,floweronhead.Theoldmansatonthechair,pipeinmouth.,attable/atthetablebysea/bytheseainhospital/inthehospitalonearth/ontheearthgotoschool/churchgototheschool/thechurchinfrontof/inthefrontofoutofquestion/outofthequestiontwoofus/thetwoofusgotosea/gototheseainfuture/inthefuture,进餐在桌子旁乘船在海边住院在医院里究竟在地球上上学；做礼拜到学校，教堂去在（外部的）前面在（内部的）前面毫无疑问，一定不可能我们当中的两人我们共二人当水手去海边从今以后未来,固定短语：onsecondthought(s)重新考虑后;underrepaircometopower;onboardinuse/danger/peace/debtinplaceof;aheadoftimeatwaronboardhandinhandeveryfewdaysoutoforder/date/reach/work/breathcome/rankfirstatnoon/midnight/nightcatchfire/sightoffromdoortodoorfatherandson;husbandandwife;knifeandfork;sunandmoon,1.Mr.Smith,theresamanat_frontdoorwhosayshehas_newsforyouofgreatimportance.(2001京春)A.the,不填B.the,theC.不填,不填D.不填,the,2.Idontliketalkingon_telephone;Ipreferwriting_letters.(2002春)A.a;theB.the;不填C.the;theD.a;不填,3.Itisoftensaidthat_teachershave_veryeasylife.(2005北京)A.不填；不填B不填；aC.the;不填D.the;a,4._,hetalksalotabouthisfavoritesingersafterclass.(2005重庆)A.AquietstudentashemaybeB.QuietstudentashemaybeC.BeaquietstudentashemayD.Quietashemaybeastudent,5.Whilehewasinvestigatingwaystoimprovethetelescope,Newtonmade_discoverywhichcompletelychanged_mansunderstandingofcolor.(2004广东)A.a不填B.atheC.不填theD.thea,6.Sheis_newcomerto_chemistrybutshehasalreadymadesomeimportantdiscoveries.(1994全国)A.the;theB.the;不填C.a;不填D.a;the,7.Thecakesaredelicious.Hedliketohave_thirdonebecause_secondoneisrathertoosmall.(2002上海春)A.a;aB.the;theC.a;theD.the;a,8.WhereisJack?Ithinkheisstillin_bed,buthemightjustbein_bathroom.(1992全国)A.不填；不填B.the；theC.the;不填D.不填；the,9.Whenyoucomehereforyourholidaynexttime,dontgoto_hotel;Icanfindyou_bedinmyflat.(2004全国)A.the;aB.the;不填C.a;theD.a;不填,10.Themostimportantthingaboutcottoninhistoryis_partthatitplayedin_IndustrialRevolution.(2004重庆)A.不填；不填B.the；不填C.the;th