冠词用法新归纳.doc

冠词用法新归纳定义：冠词是虚词,本身不能单独使用,也没有词义,它用在名词的前面,帮助指明名词的含义。冠词可以说是名词的一种标志，它不能离开名词而独立存在。表示的名词数量或者特征。分类：冠词分为不定冠词a，an、定冠词the和零冠词(/)三种，零冠词指的是不用冠词的情况。不定冠词表示泛指、类指，定冠词表示特指、专指、类指，零冠词表示泛指人或事物、类指。a、an仅用在单数可数名词前来表示“一”的意义，但不强调数目概念，只表示名词为不特定者。the用在可数名词单数、复数，不可数名词前均可。(/)则表示名词化的其他词或专有名词，因此单数复数均可。不定冠词巧记：a与an两种体，不重数量相当“一”； 可数名词首次提，有时还可表“每一”。（附：不定冠词有a和an两种形式。a用在以辅音音素开头的词前，而不是辅音字母前；an用在以元音音素开头的词前，而不是元音字母前，（例如hour，第一个元音是“”，故用an。当字母单独出现时 A E I O R S F H L X 也要使用不定冠词an，其次特别要注意的是 U 这个字母单独出现发的并不是元音 同理 UNIVERSITY USUAL也都不用不定冠词an”。但UNCLE要用“an”）。确定用“a”还是“an”，有一个口诀：不见“原因（元音）”别施“恩（n）”。）巧计定冠词the用法歌诀：特指双方熟悉，上文已经提起。世上独一无二，方位名词乐器。某些专有名词，还有复数姓氏。序数词最高级，习惯用语牢记。介词短语与冠词当下列名词指其“主要目的”，即与其相关在行为时，要用零冠词。 13at (/) table 在进餐 at the table 在桌子旁边 at (/) desk 在读书 at the desk 在课桌旁 at (/) school 在上学 at the school 在学校里 in (/) class 在上课 in the class 在班级里面 in (/) bed 卧床 in the bed 在床上 in (/) prison 坐牢 in the prison （因事）在监狱 in (/) hospital 住院 in the hospital （因事）在医院 go to (/) school 去上学 go to the school （因事）去学校 go to (/) bed 上床睡觉 go to the bed (因事)在床上 go to (/) hospital 去看病 go to the hospital (因事)去医院 take (/) place 发生 take the place 代替 in (/) place of 代替 in the place of 在.的地方 in (/) case of 万一in the case of 就.来说 out of (/) question 毫无疑问（100%） out of the question 完全不可能 (0%) 通常使用不定冠词的短语 after a while 过了一会儿 all of a sudden 突然 as a rule 通常 as a result 结果，因此 as a matter of fact 事实上 as a whole 大体上 at a loss 不知所措 in a hurry 急忙 in a way 在某种程度上 in a word 总而言之 Its a pity that 令人遗憾的是 put an end to 结束 come to an end 结束 come to a conclusion 得出结论 have a good time 玩得愉快 have a rest 休息一下 have a cold 感冒 have a word with 和谈一谈 keep an eye for 对有鉴赏力 make a living 谋生 make a fire 生火 make a fool of 愚弄 take a walk 散步英语冠词用法归纳总结一、零冠词考点聚焦1.不用冠词的情况（1）专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名等名词前，一般不加冠词。China , America, SmithAir is matter.（2）可数名词前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等限制时，不加冠词。This dictionary is mine.（3）季节、月份、星期、节日、假日、一日三餐名称前一般不加冠词。March, May Day, National Day, Childrens Day, Womens DayHave you had supper?Spring is the best season of the year.（4）称呼语或指家用雇用的nurse、cook等名词前及表示头衔职务的名词作宾语、补语及同位语时，一般不加冠词。Whats this, Father? We made him our chairman.Ask nurse to put the child to bed. Professor Li.（5）学科名称、球类、棋类名称前不加冠词。Do you study physics?He likes playing football/chess.（6）复数名词表示泛指一类人或事物时前不用冠词。They are peasants/ workers.（7）在与by连用的交通工具名称前不加冠词。by car, by bus,by bike, by train, by air/ water/ land但：take a bus, come in a boat, on the train/ bus需注意。（8）某些固定词组中不用冠词。名词词组中：husband and wife, brother and sister, body and soul, day and night, knife and fork介词词组中：to(at, from) school, in (to)class, in (to,at, from)university（college）,to（in, into, from）church, to(in,into, out of)prison(hospital, bed), to(at, from, out of)work, to(in, from) town,at (from)home, to(at)sea, at night(noon, midnight), by car (bus, bicycle, plane), on foot注意：在有些词组中，有无冠词含义不同。in hospital 住院（因病）in the hospital在医院（工作、参观等）in front of在前面，指某物体之外in the front of在前部，指某物之内in charge负责，主管 out of question没问题in the charge由负责 out of the question不可能（9）as引导的让步状语从句中，作表语的名词不带冠词。Child as she is, she knows a lot of French.（10）系动词turn（作“变成”解）后作表语的单数可数名词前习惯不用冠词。The young girl has turned writer.= The young girl has become a writer.（11）在单数名词 + after + 同一单数名词（表示“一个接一个”）结构中，单数可数名词前不加冠词。She did experiment after experiment.类似的还有：shop after shop, mistake after mistake（12）形容词的最高级前、序数词前也有不用定冠词的情况。“most + 形容词原级”作“十分、非常、极”解时，前面不用定冠词。Oh, its most beautiful.当两个形容词最高级并列修饰同一个名词时，第二个形容词前通常不用定冠词。She is the tallest and fattest girl in our school.当形容词最高级作表语，不表示与其他人或物相比时，其前不用定冠词。The market in the country is busiest in winter.形容词最高级前有名词所有格或物主代词时，不能用定冠词。A wolf in a sheeps skin is our most dangerous enemy.序数词前面一般加定冠词表示“第”之意，但在second、third等词前加不定冠词表示“又一，再一”之意。why you took a second arrow注意：下句中“a first”表示“第一名、冠军”。He is a top student in our class, he often gets a first in maths.（13）no与such连用时应放在such之前，such后面的名词不用冠词。No such thing has ever happened in this village.（14）never、ever置于作主语的名词前，这些名词前不用冠词。Never did student study so hard.这个学生从未学得这么认真。（15）有时为了节省空间、时间、金钱和精力，或为了引起注意力，省去a(n)或the,这主要用于新闻标题、工商业文件、广告、电报、公告、提纲、书名等。Conference opens.会议召开了。2.不用冠词的情况快速回顾：1) 国名，人名前通常不用定冠词：England，Mary；2）泛指的复数名词，表示一类人或事物时，可不用定冠词；They are teachers. 他们是教师。3）抽象名词表示一般概念时，通常不加冠词；Failure is the mother of success.失败乃成功之母。4）物质名词表示一般概念时，通常不加冠词，当表示特定的意思时，需要加定冠词；Man cannot live without water.人离开水就无法生存。5）在季节、月份、节日、 假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前，不加冠词； We go to school from Monday to Friday. 我们从星期一到星期五都上课。6）在称呼或表示官衔，职位的名词前不加冠词； The guards took the American to General Lee. 士兵们把这个美国人送到李将军那里。7）在三餐、球类运动和娱乐运动的名称前，不加冠词 如：have breakfast，play chess8）当两个或两个以上名词并用时，常省去冠词；I cant write without pen or pencil.没有钢笔和铅笔，我就写不了字。9）当by 与火车等交通工具连用，表示一种方式时，中间无冠词；by bus，by train；10）有些个体名词不用冠词；如： school，college，prison，market，hospital，bed，table，class，town，church，court 等个体名词，直接置于介词后，表示该名词的深层含义； go to hospital去医院看病 go to the hospital 去医院 (并不是去看病，而是有其他目的)11)不用冠词的序数词；a. 序数词前有物主代词b. 序数词作副词 He came first in the race.c. 在固定词组中 at (the) first,first of all,from first to last二、定冠词考点聚焦1）定冠词的使用情况（1）使用定冠词的一般情况。特指或第二次提到。序数词前、最高级前、独一无二的东西前。用于表示发明物的单数名词前或某些专有名词前。（2）定冠词使用特殊的场合。 He hit him in the face.beat sb. on the nose, take sb. by the arm, pat sb. on the head the rich, the poor, the wounded 富人，穷人，伤员 the elder of the two, he more beautiful of the two两者中较年长的一位，较漂亮的一个 The sooner, the better.越快越好。 He got paid by the hour.他是按小时付工钱的。by the yard/the dozen/the month/the year但：by weight按重量 in the 50s /in the 1870s（表示年代） the Smiths/the Whites（表示一家人或夫妇俩） in the water/field/light/shade/distance/middle/country/rain tell the truth/on the other hand/on the way home 当抽象名词表示某一特定内容，特别是当它有一限定性修饰语时，它与定冠词连用：She is fond of music.He is playing the music written by Beethoven.Good advice is beyond price.Im sorry not to have taken the advice he gave.2）定冠词使用范围快速回顾：定冠词the与指示代词this，that同源，有那（这）个的意思，但较弱，可以和一个名词连用，来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。1）特指双方都明白的人或物： Take the medicine.把药吃了。2）上文提到过的人或事： He bought a house.Ive been to the house. 他买了幢房子。我去过那幢房子。3）指世上独一物二的事物： the sun， the sky， the moon， the earth4）单数名词连用表示一类事物，如：the dollar 美元;the fox 狐狸；或与形容词或分词连用，表示一类人：the rich 富人; the living 生者。5）用在序数词和形容词最高级，及形容词only， very， same等前面： Where do you live?I live on the second floor.你住在哪？我住在二层。 Thats the very thing Ive been looking for. 那正是我要找的东西。6）与复数名词连用，指整个群体： They are the teachers of this school.指全体教师) They are teachers of this school. (指部分教师)7）表示所有，相当于物主代词，用在表示身体部位的名词前：She caught me by the arm.她抓住了我的手臂。8）用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级、等专有名词前： the Peoples Republic of China 中华人民共和国 the United States 美国9）用在表示乐器的名词之前： She plays the piano.她会弹钢琴。10) 用在姓氏的复数名词之前，表示一家人： the Greens 格林一家人 (或格林夫妇)11) 用在惯用语中：in the day, in the morning (afternoon，evening),the day after tomorrowthe day before yesterday,the next morning,in the sky (water，field，country)in the dark,in the rain,in the distance,in the middle (of),in the end,on the whole,by the way,go to the theatre三、不定冠词考点聚焦3.不定冠词用法归纳总结：1）不定冠词用法总纲：（1）表示“一”相当于“one”。Ill return in a day or two.（2）表示“每”相当于“per”。We have three meals a day.（3）表示“同一性”相当于“the same”。The children are of an age.（4）表示类指，表示“某类”。He wants to he a doctor.（5）表示泛指，相当于“any”。A horse is a useful animal.（6）表示某一个，相当于“a certain”。A Mr. Smith is asking to see you.（7）与抽象名词连用，可以表示“一场、一次、一件”，如：a pleasure一件乐事，a surprise一件令人惊讶的事，a joy一件高兴的事，a pity一件遗憾的事，an honour一个（件）经以为荣的人(事)。（8）与物质名词连用，表示“一种，一阵、一份”。What a heavy rain!What a good supper!Please give me a black coffee!2）不定冠词用法快速回顾：冠词是虚词，本身不能单独使用，也没有词义，它用在名词的前面，帮助指明名词的含义。英语中的冠词有三种，一种是定冠词（the Definite Article），另一种是不定冠词（the Indefinite Article），还有一种是零冠词（Zero Article）。不定冠词a (an)与数词one 同源，是一个的意思。a用于辅音音素前，一般读作e，而an则用于元音音素前，一般读做en。1) 表示一个，意为one；指某人或某物，意为a certain。 A Mr. Ling is waiting for you.2) 代表一类人或物。 A knife is a tool for cutting with. Mr. Smith is an engineer.3) 词组或成语。 a little / a few / a lot / a type of / a pile / a great many / many a / as a rule / in a hurry / in a minute / in a word / in a short while / after a while / have a cold / have a try / keep an eye on / all of a sudden4.冠词表类别的常见方式（1）定冠词 + 单数可数名词，表示一个，代表一类。The computer was invented in 1945.The TV set was invented by Joan Baird.The horse is a useful animal.（2）不定冠词 + 单数可数名词（表示任意一个，某一个）。A pen is a tool for writing.A square has four sides.A horse is a useful animal.注意：man, woman表示泛指时，不用冠词，且常用单数。如：Man is fighting a battle against pollution.Man tries to be the protector of woman.（3）可数名词或不可数名词，指类别（考虑到同类中的各个情况）。Horses are useful animals.Rice is a kind of food.5.冠词位置问题（1）不定冠词 + 副词 + 形容词 + 名词。This is a very interesting story.（2）such、what、both、all、quite、rather +不定冠词+形容词+名词。Ive never seen such a film!Half a pound of pork,please!What a good idea it is!（3）as、so、too、how、however、enough+形容词+不定冠词+名词。It is as pleasant a day as I have ever spent.I cant finish the task in so short a time.This seems not too long a distance.We wonder how difficult a problem he worked out.However low te price you paid,you waste your money.He is brave enough a hunter to kill the bear.（4）定冠词位置。half、twice、three times + the + 名词He paid twice the price for it.Their house is three times the size of yours.all、both、double + the + 名词Both the blind men were mistaken.All the students in our class are eager to know the secret.I offered him double the amount, but he still refused.二、精典名题导解1.The warmth of _sweater will of course be determined by the sort of _wool used.（NMET 2001）AThe ; the Bthe ; / C/; the D/; /2.Most animals have little connection with _animals of _different kind unless they kill them for food.（NMET 2000）Athe a B/ a Cthe the D/ the3.Paper money was in_ use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in _thirteenth century.（NMET1999）Athe / Bthe the C/ the D/ /4. Tom owns _ larger collection of _ books than any other student in our class. A. the; 不填 B. a; 不填C. a; the D. 不填; the5. _ on-going division between English-speaking Canadians and French-speaking Canadians is _ major concern of the country.A. The; 不填 B. The; aC. An; the D. An; 不填6. The Wilsons live in _ A-shaped house near the coast. It is _ 17th century cottage.A. the , / B. an, theC. /, the D. an, a7. When you come here for your holiday next time, dont go to _ hotel; I can find you _ bed in my flat.A. the; a B. the; 不填C. a; the D. a; 不填8. When you finish reading this book, you will have _ better understanding of _ life.A. a, the B. the, aC. /, the D. a, /9. It is _ world of wonders _ world where anything can happen.A. a, the B. a, aC. the, a D. 不填, 不填10. The most important thing about cotton in history is _ part that it played in _ Industrial Revolution.A. 不填；不填 B. the；不填C. the; the D. a; the11. While he was investigating ways to improve the telescope, Newton made _ discover which completely changed _ mans understanding of color.A. a不填 B. atheC. 不填the D. thea12. Id like _ information about the management of your hotel, please.Well, you could have _ word with the manager. He might be helpful.A. some, a B. an, someC. some, some D. an, a13. Many people agree that _ knowledge of English is a must in _ international trade today.A. a; / B. the; anC. the; the D. /；the14. Have you seen _ pen? I left it here this morning.Is it _ black one? I think I saw it somewhere.A. a; the B. the; theC. the; a D. a; a15. Paper money was in _ use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in _ thirteenth century.A. the; 不填 B. the; theC. 不填; the D. 不填; 不填16. Most animals have little connection with _ animals of _ different kind unless they kill them for food.A. the; a B. 不填; aC. the; the D. 不填; the17. Jumping out of _ airplane at ten thousand feet is quite _ exciting experience.A. 不填, the B. 不填, anC. an, an D. the, the18. The sign reads “In case of _ fire, break the glass and press _ red button. ”A. / ; a B. / ; theC. the; the D. a; a19. On _ news today, there were _ reports of heavy snow in that area.A. the; the B. the; 不填C. 不填；不填 D. 不填；the20. For a long time they walked without saying _ word. Jim was the first to break _ silence.A. the; a B. a; theC. a; 不填 D. the; 不填21. When he left _ college, he got a job as _ reporter in a newspaper office.A. 不填；a B. 不填；theC. a ; the D. the ; the22. If you buy more than ten, they knock 20 pence off _ .A. a price B. priceC. the price D. prices【答案解析】1、解析：答案为B。第一空格为特指，交待the warmth的内容，第二空格为泛指，the sort of wool used所用羊毛的种类。此题有三点需注意：正确理解sweater 这一句词在句中的类别。掌握determine在句中作“决定”、“取决于”这个意思。掌握定冠词表特指的基本用法。2、解析：答案为B。名词复数表类别，其前不用冠词，故第一个空格不填冠词，表不定概念的“一种”，“某种”要用不定冠词a。要准确掌握冠词表类别的三种表达方式和不定冠词常用的几种情况，见前面要点考点聚焦内容。3、解析：答案为C。题中in use是固定搭配，意为“在使用”，use为抽象名词，其前不用冠词。后者是序数词前用定冠词the。要牢记一些固定搭配如in use、under construction（在建设中）、in debt（欠债）、come to power（执政）、on fire（着火）、at table（用餐）、out of work（失业）等。4. B. 因为collection (收藏品，收集物) 是可数名词，此处为单数，又不是特指，所以用不定冠词；books是名词复数表示种类，而非特指，所以不用冠词。又如：a fine collection of paintings精美的绘画收藏品。5. B. 因为division后有介词短语betweenand的限制，这是特指的，所以要用the。又因为concern作“所关切的事”解是可数名词，所以前面要用冠词。6. D. 因为house和cottage都是可数名词，且都不是特指，所以都用不定冠词。句意是“威尔逊一家住在大海附近的一栋A形房子里，那是一座17世纪建的别墅”。7. A. 从next time可知，对方这次住了旅馆，第一空的hotel就是特指这个旅馆，所以用the；第二空的单数可数名词bed不是特指的，所以用不定冠词。句意是：你下次来这里度假，就不要到这旅馆来住了，我在我的公寓里帮你弄张床。8. D. 虽然understanding是不可数名词，但作“了解、理解”解时，却常常要加不定冠词(尤其是当其前有形容词修饰时)，排除B和C。又因为life作“生活、人生”解，是不可数名词，不是特指，不用冠词。have a better understanding of life指“对生活有更深刻的理解”。9. B. 虽然通常说the world，但w