八年级英语直接引语与间接引语.docx

八年级英语直接引语与间接引语直接引语与间接引语一、学习目标?掌握直接引语与间接引语的意义、功能及用法；?2进一步熟练过去时态（一般过去时、过去进行时）。二、学习重点难点?直接引语（DiretSpeeh）是指原封不动的引用原话，把它放在引号内，例如：?thertlde,“ushuldfinishurherfirst,thenuangutandplaithurfriends”?Thesaid,“eantthavearest”?间接引语（ReprtedSpeeh，又叫IndiretSpeeh）即用自己的话加以转述，被转述的话不放在引号内。上面两个例句变成间接引语应该是：?thertldethatIshuldfinishherfirstandthenIuldgutandplaithfriends?Thesaidtheantedthavearest?2当我们把直接引语变成间接引语时，由于引述动词（said，tld等）一般都是过去时形式，因此间接引语中的动词时态、人称代词、限定词、时间状语、地点状语等一般都要做相应的变化。有下面几种情况：?）现在时间推移到过去时间?所谓现在时间推移到过去时间指一般现在时变为一般过去时，现在进行时变成过去进行时，现在完成时变成过去完成时。例如：?Shesaid,“Iahungr”?>Shesaidsheashungr?Hesaid,“Thefailarefightingangtheselves”?>Hesaidthefailerefightingangtheselves?Tsaid,“Ihavefundhatsrngiththeputer”?>Tsaidhehadfundhatasrngiththeputer?在下列场合，尽管陈述动词为过去时形式，间接引语中的动词时态却不必改变，即：?a）当引述的是客观事实、科学真理、现在习惯工作以及格言等内容时：?Hesaid,“Therdlaserisanarn（首字母缩略词）”?>Hesaidtherdlaserisanarn?b）当动词所表示的状态或动作在引述时仍在继续时：?“Ifrt,”hesaid?>Hesaidheisfrt?）当谓语动词包含无过去时形式的情态助动词时：?Hesaid,“ItustbeprettlateIreallustg”?>Hesaiditustbeprettlate,andhereallustg?Hesaid,“uustntseinther”?>HesaidIustntseinther?2）过去时间推移到过去的过去?这里需要注意以下几点：?a）当强调动作或状态先于引述动词时，一般过去时要变成过去完成体。例如：?Hesaid,“Ididntnu”?>Hesaidhehadntnne?当“过去的过去”已经不言自明，或者通过其他词汇手段予以体现，或者侧重于强调所转述的事实本身时，一般过去时形式可以不变。例如：?Annsaid,“Sheasbrnin1981”?>Annsaidsheasbrnin1981?b）过去进行时可以变成过去完成进行时，也可以不变。例如：?Rbertsaid,“Iasingithar”?>Rbertsaidhehadbeeningithar?Rbertsaidheasingithar?）过去完成时仍为过去完成时，不需改变。例如：?Hesaid,“ehadntreturnedtthestrehensheae”?>Hesaidthehadntreturnedtthestrehensheae?d）时间状语分句中的一般过去式或者过去进行时可以不变。例如：?hnsaid,“henIlivedinLndnIftensaane”?>hnsaidhenhelivedinLndnhehadftenseenane?hnsaidhenhelivedinLndnheftensaane?3）将来时间推移到过去将来时间?最常见的是把表示将来时间的助动词由现在时形式变为过去时形式。例如：?Hesaid,“erespendingnexteeendathe”?>Hesaidtheerespendingthenexteeendathe?Shesaid,“Theilillgff（变质）ifudntdrinittda”?>ShesaidtheiluldgffifIdidntdrinitthatda?Thesaid,“eregingtHaaiithissuervaatin”?>ThesaidtheeregingtHaaiithatsuervaatin?但是，在引述时，如果原话中的动作或者状态属于尚未到来的将来时间，那么，可以不推移到过去将来时间。例如：?Hesaid,“Illbeaitingfrutrr”?>Hesaidheillbeaitingfretrr?4）人称代词、限定词、时间状语、地点状语的变化?由上面的例子可以看出，当直接引语变成间接引语时，除动词时态变化外，人称代词、限定词、时间状语、地点状语等通常也作相应的变化。?a）人称代词，除引述本人原话外，通常第一、二人称变为第三人称，或者第二人称变为第一人称；限定词也作相应的变化。例如：?Hesaid,“elveuruntr”?>Hesaidthelvetheirunt?b）指示代词this，these分别变成that/it，thse/the或the；指示限定词this，thse通常变为that，thse或the。例如：?“Thishuseisverexpensive,”shesaid?>Shesaidthathuseasverexpensive?Thehildrenaebaithtalletsandsaid,“epiedtheseupnthepaveent”?>Thehildrenaebaithtalletsandsaidthehadpiedtheupnthepaveent?）时间状语在间接引语中的变化有三种情况：?i）时间状语和动词时态两者都变。例如：?Hesaid,“Itaspletesaearag”?>Hesaidithadbeenpletedaearbefre?ii）时间状语不变，动词时态可变可不变。例如：?Shesaid,“eleftParisat8a”?>ShesaidthehadleftParisat8a?ShesaidtheleftParisat8a?iii）时间状语变与不变需视具体情况而定，如果引述时间和说话时间（如同一年、同一月、同一天等），时间状语可不变。例如：?rBlasaid,“estartedlearninghineselastnth”?>rBlasaidthehadstartedlearninghineselastnth（同一月引述）?>rBlasaidthehadstartedlearninghinesethepreviusnth（可在同一月引述，也可不在同一月引述）?直接引语间接引语?tdathatda?thisrning/afternn,etthatrning/afternn,et?esterdathedabefre,thepreviusda?dabefreesterdatdasbefre?trrthenextda,thefllingda?daaftertrrtdasafter,intdastie?nextee/nth,etthenextee/nth,et?lastee/nththeee/nthbefre?nthen?d）地点状语here通常变为there；但若说话人所在地也就是引述人所在地，可仍用here，也可用具体地点代替here。例如：?Shesaid,“Ifirsteturbrtherhere”?>Shesaidshefirstetbrtherthere?“Arethehildrenhere?”Fatherased?>Fatherasedhetherthehildrenerehere?本单元重点：直接引语和间接引语，需要注意的是：直接引语变间接引语时，人称和时态要发生变化，时态得和主句的时态保持一致。?Sentenesfrthepassage?Iasedherhsheantedtdthat,andshesaidthatshehadfrgttentdhers?我问她为什么要那么做，她说她忘记做作业了。?frgettdsth忘记做某事?frgetdingsth忘记做过某事?eghenuleavethelassr,dntfrgettturnffthelights?离开教室时，别忘记关灯。?Ifrgteetinghibefre我不记得以前见过他了。?类似的还有：?reebertdsth记得做某事?reeberdingsth记得做过某事?eg?“Reebertfinishurherntie,Liing”,histhersaid?李明妈妈说，“记得按时完成作业。”?Ireebertellingthisstrfrseveralties?我记得这个故事给你讲过好几次了。?IsaidIdidntthinitasagdideafrhertpher?我说，抄我的作业并不是什么好事。?注意的thin用法：如果thin引导的宾语从句，其从句表示否定意思时，不是否定从句，而是否定主句。?eg翻译下列句子：?我认为给你父亲说这事的时机还不成熟。?Idntthinitistherighttiefruttellurfatherabutthat?我认为他不是一个好演员。Idntthinheisagdatr?我认为你说的并不正确。Idntthinuareright?esterdashetldesheassrrshedgttenad?昨天她告诉我，她为自己当时生气而抱歉。?Nadas,anstudentspreferusingEnglishnaesinalanguagelassr?如今，许多学生喜欢在上语言的时候用英文名字。?prefer的用法：preferv更喜欢；宁愿?prefersthtsth喜欢胜过?preferdingsthtdingsth喜欢而不喜欢?prefertdratherthand宁愿而不愿?eg?Dupreferffeertea?你喜欢咖啡还是茶？?Hepreferstalingtding他喜欢说，却不喜欢做。?Theprefertdieratherthansurrender他们宁死不屈。?Andfrungpeple,havinganEnglishnaeislfrthehenthetalttheirfreignpenpals?而且对年轻人来说，有了英文名字，和笔友交谈时也很酷。?havinganEnglishnae中having是动词ing形式,用来做主语。?eg?Gettingupearleverdaishisgdhabit每天早起是他的习惯。?Siingisherfavritesprt游泳是她最喜欢的运动。?LearningEnglishandhavingEnglishnaesarebthppularinhinaThearealsiprtantfrhinasntatiththerld?学习英语，而且有英文名字在中国很流行。这些对中国和世界的接触也很重要。?ntat的用法：?ntatn?egbeinntatith和接触，有联系?Thehavebeeninntatitheahtherfrfiveears?他们互相保持联系已经有五年了。?Sheesintntatithanpeple她和许多人有联系。?ntatv?egShentatedeassnasshearrived她一到就和我联系了。?nthetherhand,sepeplehethinahsehinesenaes?另一方面，一些人来到中国，也起了中文名字。?nthenehand一方面?nthetherhand另一方面?eg?nnehand,heisaleverb;nthetherhand,healasaeshistherangr?一方面，他是个聪明的孩子；可另一方面，他老惹母亲生气。一、将直接引语变成间接引语?Theplubersaid,“IantfixthebathtubtdabeauseIsi”?Theplubersaidheuldntfixthebathtubthatdabeauseheassi?2Grandasaid,“Grandpaisfeelinguhbettertda”?GrandasaidGrandpaasfeelinguhbetterthatda?3randrsDavissaid,“entbeabletetdinnerthisSaturdanight”?randrsDavissaidtheuldntbeabletetdinnerthatSaturdanight?4Thelandlrdsaid,“Ihaventreeivedthisnthsrentet”?Thelandlrdsaidhehadntreeivedthatnthsrentet?usinSuesaid,“IsrrIdidnthavetieteverandvisitlastSaturda”?usinSuesaidsheassrrshehadnthadtieteverandvisitthepreviusSaturda?6UnleHarrsaid,“Illallbalater”?UnleHarrsaidheuldallbalater?7Theneighbrsarssthestreetsaid,“eererbbedlastnight!”?Theneighbrarssthestreetsaidthehadbeenrbbedthenightbefre?8Sallsaid,“Iatfriendulietshusen”?Sallsaidsheasatherfriendulietshusethen?9thersaid,“ursisterandbrther-in-laaregingthaveabab”?thersaidsisterandbrther-in-laeregingthaveabab?0Auntsaid,“Thereasabigfireatthehighshl”?Auntsaidtherehadbeenabigfireatthehighshl二、用第三人称转述下面电子邮Subet:thersDaInItaleelebratethethersdanthe2ndSundafa,thatshstudentsdntgtshlandadultsarentatrSnsanddaughtersusuallgivetheirtheralittlepresentlieflers,hlatesrapieefstueeelrElisabettafrItal?ElisabethfrItalsaidinItaltheelebratedthethersDanthe2ndSundafa,andthatashstudentsdidntgtshlandadultserentatrShesaidsnsanddaughtersusuallgavetheirtheralittlepresentlieflers,hlatesrapieefstueeelr2Subet:FathersDaIbelieveFathersDaursnthethirdSundafuneeuseittgiveurfathersahanetrestandrelax,anddthingstheen,suhasfishing,glf,etTheneedabrea!UsuallfailillbuDa