初中动词基本用法大全.doc

初中英语动词用法13act v. 表演，演戏act as sb./ sth. 充任某角色，担任某工作I dont understand English, so you have to act as my interpreter(翻译)。其他用法：act for 代表某人，代理某人的职位 During her illness, her lawyer has been acting for her in her business. 在她生病期间，她的律师一直代理她的业务。add v. (1)加，增加，添加 add sth. to sth. 往.里添加. eg. If the tea is too strong, add some water to it. eg. He added his signature to the petition(请愿书)。 add A and B (together) 加 eg. If you add 5 and 5, you get 10. add to sth. 增加某事物 eg. The bad weather only add to our difficulties. 这种坏天气更增加了我们的困难。 (2) 补充；继续说 eg. “Ill come here later. he added. add in 包括.在内 eg. Dont forget add me in. 别忘了把我算上。 add up 合计，加起来 add up to 总计达到 add fuel to the fire 火上浇油afford v. 负担得起（.的费用，损失，后果），买得起；抽得出时间（常与can, could, be able to 连用） Afford sth. eg. Id love to go on holiday but I cant afford the time. eg. They walked because the cant afford a taxi. afford to do sth. eg. They walked because they cant afford to take a taxi. eg. I have to work hard because I cant afford to loose my job.agree v. 同意，赞同 agree with sb. 同意某人的意见 eg. I agree with you. agree on + 表示具体协议的文件、计划、行动的词 eg. We agreed on the plan. agree to do sth. 同意做某事 eg. We agreed to start early. agree that + 宾语从句 eg. She agreed that I was right.其他用法：agree with sb. (尤用于否定或疑问句) （对某人的健康或胃口）适合 I like mushrooms but unfortunately they dont agree with me. 我喜欢吃蘑菇，可惜吃了以后难受。 The humid climate in the south didnt agree with him. 他不适应南方潮湿的气候。aim v. 瞄准，对准 aim at 瞄准，针对 aim at the target 瞄准目标/ 靶子 ； aim at a success 志在成功 eg. My remarks were not aim at you. 我的话不是针对你。allow v. 允许，准许 allow doing sth. eg. We dont allow smoking in our house. 在我们家不允许抽烟。 allow sb. to do sth. eg. They allow her to go to the party. 他们允许她去参加晚会。allow sb. in/ out/ up 允许某人进来/ 出去/ 起来annoy v. 使恼怒，使生气 annoy sb. 使某人生气，使某人心烦 eg. I was annoyed by his remarks. 他的言论激怒了我。appear v. 出现；露面；（公开）演出 appear to do 好象是 It appears that + 从句 eg. It appears to me that you are all wrong. 我觉得你们全都错了。appreciate v. 感激 appreciate sth. appreciate doing sth.argue v. 争论，争吵 argue with sb. about/ over/ on sth. 与某人争论某事 eg. We argued with the waiter about the price of the meal. 其他用法：argue sb. into/ out of doing sth. 说服某人做/ 不做某事 eg. They argue his into giving up his plan.arrive v. 到达 arrive in + 大地方 eg. We arrived in Paris. arrive at + 小地方 eg. We arrived at the station/ my nation town. 其他用法：arrive at sth. 达成或得出某事物 arrived at an agreement(达成协议)/ a conclusion(得出结论) What dicision did you arrived at? 你们做出了什么决定？ask v. 询问，问 ask sth. eg. May I ask questions? ask sb. sth. eg. He asked me the way to the supermarket. He asked me their names. He asked me where he should go. ask sb. about sth. eg. He asked me about my health. ask sb.to do sth. eg. He ask me to stop smoking. He ask me not to swim here. ask for sth. (to do sth.) 请求 eg. She asked for more time (to think it over). 她请求多一点时间（仔细考虑）。 ask for sb. 找（某人） Did anyone ask for me last week?其他用法：ask the way 问路； ask for trouble 自找麻烦，自讨苦吃attempt v. 企图，试图 试图做某事 attempt to do sth. attempt doing sth.beat v. 打败，战胜 beat sb. (at sth.) 在某方面打败/ 胜过某人 He beats me at chess. 他在下棋方面胜我一筹。 beat sb. 打某人become v. 成为，变成 become + 名词 He became a doctor at last. become interesting in 变得对.感兴趣 其他用法：What becomes/ will become of sb./ sth.? 某人某事的情况如何 eg. What will become if I die? 假如我死了我的孩子会怎么样呢？begin v. 开始 begin to do sth. = begin doing sth. 开始做某事 begin with 由.开始 eg. We will begin with you. 从你开始。 eg. The concert(音乐会) began with a piano solo(钢琴独奏).behave v. 举止，表现 behave well/ badly 表现好/ 不好，举止良好/ 不好believe v. 相信，认为 believe sb. 相信某人说的话 eg. I believe him. 我相信他的话。 believe in sb. 相信/ 信任某人 eg. I believe in him. 我相信他。 believe sb. + adj. eg. I believe him honest. 我相信他是诚实的。 believe + 从句 eg. I believe that he can do the job well.belong v. 属于 belong toborrow v. 借，借入，借进borrow sth.( from sb.) 从某地/ 某人处借. borrow a book (from library)bow v. 鞠躬 bow to 服从 bow to sbs oppinion 屈从某人的意见 make a bow 鞠躬 take a bow 鞠躬答谢break v. 打破，违背 break into 闯进 break away (from ) (从)逃脱 break into/ to pieces 碎成片 break up with sb. 与某人绝交 break sth. off 突然中断、终止某事物 break down 汽车抛锚 break out 突然发生 eg. Fire broke out last night. 夜间突然失火了。 break through sth. 克服 eg. break through the difficulties 克服困难bring v. 拿来，取来，带来 bring sth. to sb. = bring sb. sth. 把某物带来给某人bring sb./ sth. (with one) 带着某物或某人来 eg. He always brings a bottle of wine (with him) when he comes to dinner.bring sth./ sb. back 送回某人/ 某物 eg. He brought me back in his car last night. 他昨天晚上开车送我回来的。 Please bring back the book to me tomorrow. 请明天把书带来还我。bring sb. up 培养，养育 eg. He was brought up by his aunt. 他是被他阿姨养大的。 She brought up five children all together. 她总共抚养了5个儿女。其他用法：bring sth. up 呕吐 bring about 带来，造成 bring about great changes 带来巨大变化 bring in 收获（庄稼等） bring in a good harvest 好收成build v. 建造，建筑 build sth. build a factory 建厂房 build sth. for sb. = build sb. sth. eg. His father built a model aeroplane for him. = His father built him a model aeroplane. build sth. of/ from/ out of sth. 用.(材料)建造. eg. Birds build their nests out of twigs. 鸟儿用细树枝筑巢。 build sth. up 逐渐建立、增加、增强或发展某事物 build up a big library 逐渐建立一座大的图书馆 其他用法：Rome was not built in a day. 罗马不是一天建成的。burn v. 燃烧，点燃 burn out 烧坏，烧完，烧尽 burn down 烧毁 burn away 烧坏，烧掉；（逐渐）消灭，消失 eg. The sunlight has burnt away the haze. 日光使雾消散了。buy v. 购买，买 buy sth. for sb. = buy sb. sth.call v. 打电话；称作，取名；呼唤，叫喊；要求，命令 call sb. 给某人打电话 call + 电话号码 打某个电话号码 call sb. at + 电话号码 打某个电话号码找某人 call sb. sth. 把某人称为. call him a walking-dictionary把他称为活字典call on sb. 拜访某人 call at s.p. 拜访某地 call by 顺便拜访 call for要求，需要 eg. Success calls for hard work. 成功需要努力。 call sth. off 取消或放弃某事 call up 回想起 This book calls up happy memories of his childhood. 这本书唤起了他对童年幸福的回忆。care v. 对.在意，对.在意 take care of sb. 照顾 take care of sth. 处理，负责 take care to do sth. 小心，当心 take care that 小心 care about 关心 He doesnt care about anything we say.care to do sth. 愿意做某事(多用于否定句和疑问句) eg. Would you care to go for a walk? 你愿意去散步吗？carry v. 搬运，携带carry sth. with sb. 随身携带 carry away 运走，拿走carry back 运回，拿回，使回想起 carry into effect 实现，实行carry on 继续进行 eg. Well carry on our discussion tomorrow. 明天继续我们的讨论。carry sth. too far 做的太过分了catch v. 赶上（车船等），捕获 catch up with sb. in sth. 在某方面追赶上某人 eg. If you dont work hard, he will catch up with you in study. 区别：keep up with 跟上，不落后于 keep up with him 跟上他 catch sb. doing sth. 逮住某人正在做什么 eg. I caught him stealing. 我发现他正在偷东西。 catch up sbs attention/ eyes 引起某人的注意 I was caught in the rain. 我被雨淋了。 catch (a) cold 伤风； catch fire 着火cause v. 造成，使发生 cause sth. eg. The cat caused this terrible accident. cause sb. sth. eg. The new car caused me a lot of troubles. cause sth. to sb. eg. The new car carsed a lot of troubles to me. cause sb. to do sth. eg. The illness caused him to miss the game. 其他用法：Take care! 当心！chat v. 聊天，闲谈 chat with sb. 和某人聊天check v. 核对，检查 check out 检查，核对，核查chop v. 剁，砍，劈 chop in 插嘴，多嘴clean v. 打扫，清除 clean sth. up 把.收拾干净 check in 登记combine v. 结合，组合 combine with 和.组合come v. 来；来到 come after sb. 追赶或追逐某人 come back 回来 come from = be from 从.哪里来，来自. come by 从.旁边走过 come down (雨、雪等)落下；(价格)下降 eg. The price of petrol is coming down. 汽油价格正在下跌。 come on 加油 come for 为.而来 eg. I am coming for my books which were lent to you last year. 我为了去年借你的那些书而来。(我想要回去年借给你的书) come out 出来；发芽 come through 经历（困难等） come to an end 结束 come up with sb. 赶上，追上communicate v. 交流，沟通 communicate with sb. 与某人交流compare v. 比较 compare A and B = compare A with/ to B 加以比较，两者相比较 eg. If you compare her work with his, you will find hers is much better. compare A to B 把A比作B eg. Poets have compared sleep to death. 诗人把睡眠比作死亡。 compare notes (with sb.) 交换意见、观点、看法等complain v. 抱怨 complain to sb. about / at sth. 投诉，抱怨，发牢骚 eg. She often complain to me about her partner.concentrate v. 集中，聚集 concentrate on/ upon 集中精力consider v. 考虑，思考，认为 consider sth. 考虑. consider doing sth. 考虑. eg. I am considering changing my job.我正考虑换个工作。consider sb./ sth. as 把.当.来对待 eg. We consider him as our friend. consider sb./ sth. to be 把.当作. eg. We consider him to be our best friend.continue v. 使继续，坚持下去 continue to do sth. = continue doing sth, 继续做某事 To be continued. 未完，待续。copy v. 复制，抄袭 copy sth. from sb. 抄袭某人的. copy sth. down/ out in/ into sth. 把.抄写在.上 eg. The students copied the sums (算术题) down in theirn notebooks. 学生把算术题抄在他们的笔记本上。cover v. 覆盖 be covered with sth. 被覆盖 under the cover of 在的掩护下，以为幌子 cover up 掩盖，掩饰，隐藏 take cover 隐蔽，躲避criticize v. 批评，批判 criticize sth. eg. He criticized my taking risk. 他批评了我的冒险行为。 criticize sb. for sth. eg. He criticized me for my rudeness. 他因为我的卤莽而批评了我cross v. 穿过，横过，越过 cross over sth. 穿过，穿越 注：(1)与across的区别 (2)与through的区别crowd v. 挤满，充满 be crowded with 充满 eg. The room is crowded with people. 屋里挤满了人。cost v. 价值，花费（时间、金钱等） sth. cost sb. some money. 某物花费某人多少钱 eg. This fur coat he bought for his girlfriend last year cost him $4000. cost sb. sth. eg. Careless driving cost him his life. 开车时粗心大意要了他的命。cut v. 切，割 cut sth. for sb. = cut sb. sth. 切.给某人eg. Please cut a piece of cake for me. = Please cut me a piece of cake.cut sth. from sth. cut off 切断 cut off the power 切断电源cut down 砍倒；删减 cut down a tree 砍树eg. Your article is too long, please cut it down to 1000 words.你的文章太长了，请把它删件到1000字。deal v. 处理，应付 deal with 处理decide v. 决定，下决心 decide to do sth. 决定做. = make up ones mind to do sth. decide on sth./ sb. 决定某事/ 某人 decision n. 决定 make a decision 做决定 come to a decision = arrive at a decision 决定下来depend v. 依赖，依靠 depend on/ upon sth./ sb. 视某物而定，取决于某物 eg. Wheather we will have the sport-meeting tomorrow depends on the weather. 明天我们是否举行运动会取决于天气情况。describe v. 描述，形容 describe sth. as sth. 把.描述成.；称作，称为 eg. He describes himself as a doctor. 他把自己称为医生。discuss v. 讨论，议论 discuss sth. with sb. 和某人讨论某事 eg. He was still discussing the game when I got there. discuss doing sth. 讨论做某事 eg. They discussed selling the house. 他们在讨论卖房子的事情。dislike v. 不喜欢，讨厌 dislike sth. 讨厌某事 dislike to do sth. 讨厌做某事 dislike doing sth. 讨厌做某事 注：与unlike的区别 unlike adj. 与.不同的，不相象的 divide v. 分开，划分 divide sth. into 把.分成do v. 做，干，行动 do ones best 做出最大努力 do business 做生意 do sb. a favour 帮某人的忙 do wrong 做错 do with 处理 eg. What can I do with it? 我怎么处理它？ have something/ nothing to do with 与.有关/无关 eg. It has nothing to do with you. 这和你没有关系。dream v. 做梦，梦到 dream of/ about 做梦，梦见 with a dream of 怀着.的梦想drop v. 落下，掉下，使落下 drop sb. off 让某人下车 drop back = drop behind (sb.) 落后 drop out (of sth.) 从.退出 enjoy v. 享受.的乐趣，欣赏 enjoy doing sth. 享受做某事enter v. 进入，参加 enter +表地点的名词 进入. enter the room 进入房间(注：不能说enter into the room)exchange v. 交换 exchange student 交换生 exchange sth. with sb. 和某人交换 exchange the seat with sb. 和某人换位置； exchange experience 交流经验 exchange A for B 用A来交换B eg. He exchanged his health for money.excuse v. 原谅，宽恕 excuse sb. 原谅某人excuse sb. (for sth./ doing sth.) 宽恕某人做某事 eg. Excuse me for coming late. 原谅我来晚了。expect v. 预期，预料 expect sth. expect to do sth. expect sb. to do sth.experiment v. 实验，试验 experiment on/ upon 在.上做实验explain v. 解释，说明 explain sth. 解释某事 explain a difficult problem 解释一个难题 explain sth. to sb. 向某人解释/说明某事情 explain oneself 把自己的意思解释清楚escape v. 逃跑，逃走 escape from 从.逃跑Ffail v. 失败 fail to do sth. 没能做成功某事 eg. She failed to pass the English test. 她没能通过英语考试。fall v. 下降，落下 fall back 后退 fall behind (sb.) 落后 fall down 失败，崩溃 fall off 数量或质量下降fall over 摔倒fear v. 害怕，担心 fear sth. 害怕. fear death/ illness 害怕死亡/ 疾病 fear to do sth. 害怕做某事 eg. He feared to speak in public. 他害怕当众讲话。fear for sb./ sth. 对某事物/ 某人感到担忧或关心 eg. I fear for her safety in this weather. 在这种天气里我很担心她的安全。feed v. 喂养，饲养 eg. She has a large family to feed. 她要养活一大家子人。feed sb./ sth. (on sth.) 用.喂养. eg. I feed my dog on fresh meat. 我用鲜肉喂我的狗。 feed sth. to sb./ sth. 给某人/某物喂. eg. I feed fresh meat to my dog.feel v. 感到，觉得 feel sth. doing 感觉到某物. feel the heart beating 感觉到心脏在跳动 feel + adj. (feel是感官系动词，后面可以直接接形容词做表语。类似的词还有：sound, look, smell, taste)fight v. 打架，争吵 fight for + 抽象名词(如：事业，真理，自由等） 为.而斗争，为.而战斗 fight with 与.并肩战斗 fight a good fight 打一场漂亮仗 fight an enemy 打敌人fill v. 装满，添满 fill in 填充find v. 发现，找到 find sb. to do sth. 发现某人做某事（强调发现某人做某事的全过程） find sb. doing sth. 发现某人做某事（强调发现某人正在做某事