句子五种基本结构.ppt

英语句子的五种基本结构,陈凯恩,一、 句子基本成分 （members of a stentence）：,主语 Subject 谓语 Predicate 宾语 Object 定语 Attribute 状语 Adverbial 表语 Predicate 补语 Complement 同位语 Appositive,英语句子有长在短，有简有繁，从现象看，似乎千变万化，难以捉摸，但从实质看，可以发现其内在联系，找出其共同规律。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 英语五种基本句型： 句型一: 主+谓 S+V 句型二：主+系+表 S+V+P 句型三：主+谓+宾 S+V+O 句型四：主+谓+间宾+直宾 S+V +IO +DO 句型五：主+谓+宾+宾补 S +V +DO +OC,基本句型 一,主谓 SV,该句型中的动词为不及物，不及物动词词义自身完整，不需要宾语补足其意义，但有些动词词义必须由一个状语（不能没有状语）进行补充。 Birds sing beautifully. He reads loudly. We go for a walk. Jim and Tom study together every day. She is studying hard at the university. They sit under the tree.,基本句型 二,主系表 SV P,此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。 除了Be系动词外，还有一些动词可以用作系动词，如： 1.表示感官的动词，处于某种状态。feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem, etc. 2.表示转变变化的动词，状态的改变. become, get, grow, turn, go, etc.,基本句型 三,主谓宾 SV O,该句型的特点： 谓语必须为及物动词或及物动词词语，宾语必须是名词或者相当于名词的成分。也就是说，谓语动词不能够表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。,注意一： 带V-ing做宾语的动词有： suggest, advise,stop, enjoy, miss ,finish , mind,keep ,perfer, be busy, be used to, give up etc. She loves window shopping. I enjoy living here. I prefer standing. May is busy doing the housework.,注意二： 带 to do 做宾语的动词有： offer, learn, intend, plan, demand, ask, promise, help，prepare，decide, determine，refuse， dare，manage，wish, hope, want, expect， fail，pretend，choose, seem, expect, hope, offer, agree, refuse, learn, help, plan, intend, etc. I want to help him. Mary decided to leave.,基本句型 四,主谓间宾直宾 SV IO DO 请观察:1. I bring him a dictionary. 2. I bring a dictionary to him.,此句型的句子有一个共同特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者(物或事)，另一个是动作的间接承受者（人）。通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接，当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时，这一介词往往被省略。 朗读： I give you help. Mary teaches us English. I will show him my passport.,I sent him a book. I brought May a present. I will tell you a story. She gave me her telephone number. = She gave her telephone number to me. My father made me a kite =My father made a kite for me.,间接宾语前需要加to 的常用动词有: bring, throw, give, hand, lend, pass, read, sell, send, show, tell, teach, wish, write, refuse, pay, promise, permit, offer, owe, leave, allow, deny, grant, etc. 间接宾语前需要加for的常用动词有： make, cook, buy, play, sing, bring, cash, choose, fetch, get, leave, order, paint, save, spare, etc.,基本句型 五,主谓宾宾补 SV DO OC,此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。 宾语补足语：位于宾语之后对宾语作出补充说明的成分，宾语与其补足语是逻辑上的主谓关系，它们一起构成复合宾语。若无宾语补足语则句意不够完整。,练习题：,1. Horses run fast. 主+谓 2. We study hard. 主+谓 3. I saw the children play in the park yesterday. 主+谓+宾+宾补 4. Please pass me the salt. 主+谓+间宾+直宾 5. the flower smells sweet. 主+系+表,6.My dream becomes true. 主+系+表 7.We found history book very interesting