高中英语Unit1LaughterisgoodforyouSectionⅡ课件牛津译林版选修.ppt

Section Word power & Grammar and usage,一,二,一、写作词汇 预习Word power & Grammar and usage部分的词汇,完成下列小对话或语段。 1.Although he is over 70,he is very strong. Exactly.He often does some exercise to build up his (肌肉). 2.I cant live with Tom any longer. Whats up? I am tired of his (愚蠢). 3.Whats the doctors advice? The doctor said that she needed to improve her (健康).,muscles,foolishness,fitness,一,二,4.Can I get a job when I get there? Sorry,I cant give you a (保证) at the moment. 5.As a student,you should try to (对积极)your future.If some (消极的想法)control you,you will lose many good chances.So (赶走)such ideas,and try to be more active,and you will succeed sooner or later.,guarantee,be positive about,negative ideas,drive away,一,二,二、阅读词汇 预习Word power & Grammar and usage部分的词汇,写出画线部分的汉语意思。 In order to improve my fitness 1. ,I often participate 2. in some sports.I do some jogging to strengthen my muscles 3. .In addition,I am fond of yoga 4. .When we meet with some trouble,it is important to keep positive 5. .Being sorry or negative 6. will do harm to our health.,健康,参加,增强肌肉,瑜伽,积极的,消极的,1,2,3,4,5,6,语法指南,1.First of all,laughing out loud helps improve your general fitness.(P9) 首先,大声地笑出来有助于改善你的身体健康。 考点:fitness n.健壮,健康;适合 【高考典句】(2015福建高考)Group exercise is one of the most effective ways to improve physical fitness and sustain a healthy lifestyle.群体锻炼是改善身体健康、保持健康生活方式的最有效的方法之一。 【高考典句】(2015福建高考)Make fitness even more fun by trying something new or any group fitness class,with a friend.和朋友一起,通过尝试新事物或者团体健身课,使健身更有趣。,1,2,3,4,5,6,语法指南,考点延伸 阅读下列句子,指出黑体单词的词性及含义 The young man is fit for the new job. 这个年轻人很适合这个新工作。 词性 含义 Exercise can keep fit. 锻炼能保持健康。 词性 含义 This coat fits me well. 这件大衣很适合我。 词性 含义,形容词,适合的,形容词,健康的,动词,大小适合,1,2,3,4,5,6,语法指南,易混辨析 fit,suit和match fit指大小、形状的合适,引申为吻合、协调。 suit指合乎需要、口味、条件、地位,以及花色、款式等与某人的皮肤、气质、身材或身份相称。 match多指大小、色调、形状、性质等的搭配。,The cap suits her face well,but this new jacket doesnt fit her well.It is too big.In my opinion,shed better buy blue trousers to match her coat. 这个帽子很适合她的脸型,但是这件新夹克衫她穿着不合身,太大了。在我看来,她最好买蓝色的裤子来搭配她的外套。,1,2,3,4,5,6,语法指南,fit adj. 适合的;健康的;vt. 使适合 be fit for.适合于,1,2,3,4,5,6,语法指南,1,2,3,4,5,6,语法指南,1,2,3,4,5,6,语法指南,2.This is because laughter strengthens the heart and the lungs.(P9) 这是因为笑能增强心脏和肺部的功能。 考点:strengthen vt. 巩固 He has been brought in to strengthen the defence. 已经请他来加强防卫力量。 Doctors said that his injured shoulder would take time to strengthen. 医生说,他受伤的肩膀需要花时间来巩固。,1,2,3,4,5,6,语法指南,考点延伸 阅读下列句子,指出黑体单词的词性及含义 【高考典句】(2015安徽高考)Without the strength of the family,there is no business. 没有家族的力量,就没有生意。 词性 含义 【高考典句】(2015天津高考)They are potential powers we possess:energy,skill,sound judgment,creative ideas even physical strength greater than most of us realize. 它们是我们拥有的潜在的力量:精力、技能、明智的判断、创造性的想法甚至身体的力气都比我们大多数人认识到的要大。 词性 含义,名词,力量,名词,力量,1,2,3,4,5,6,语法指南,易混辨析 energy,power,force和strength energy,power,strength和force均可表示“力”。 energy意为“能量”,尤指人在做某事并为完成该事所表现出的生机勃勃的力,多用作不可数名词。 power意为“能力”,词义丰富,可指内在的或外加的力、潜在的或活动的力、具体的或抽象的力、身体的或精神的力等。 force意为“力”,常指促使物体运动的力,也可指势力、武力或暴力,可用作可数名词或不可数名词。 strength意为“体力”,常指人体或物体内存在的力,如气力、耐力、抵抗力,有时也可指进行某种活动的推动力。,1,2,3,4,5,6,语法指南,1.strengthen是由strength加上en构成的;有些词(尤其是形容词)后面加上后缀-en,可构成及物动词,意为“使”;类似的有: blacken使变黑 broaden使变宽 deepen使加深 thicken使变厚 2.strength n.力气;力量 build up ones strength增强某人的体质,1,2,3,4,5,6,语法指南,1,2,3,4,5,6,语法指南,1,2,3,4,5,6,语法指南,3.As you laugh,the muscles participating in the laugh become active.(P9) 当你笑的时候,那些参与笑的肌肉变得活跃起来。 考点:participate vi. 参加,参与 【高考典句】(2015福建高考)As children,we thought very little about these educational wonders.Our family,however,was growing together,sharing experiences and participating in one anothers education. 作为孩子,我们对这些教育奇迹考虑很少。但是,我们的家庭,一起成长,分享着经历、参与彼此的教育。 Everyone in this class is expected to participate in the discussion. 班里的每个人都被期望参加讨论。,1,2,3,4,5,6,语法指南,考点延伸 (1)阅读下列句子,指出黑体单词的相关词组及含义 I dont want to participate in the coming English party. 我不想参加即将到来的英语派对。 词组 含义 (2)阅读下列句子,指出黑体单词的词性及含义 One thousand participants competed in the events. 一千名参与者在这些项目中比赛。 词性 含义,participate in参加 participant n.参与者,participate in,参加,名词,参与者,1,2,3,4,5,6,语法指南,易错提示 participate是不及物动词,若后面接宾语,则需在participate后加上介词in。 Some students from that school participated that ceremony.() Some students from that school participated in that ceremony.(),1,2,3,4,5,6,语法指南,易混辨析 attend,join,join in,take part in和participate in 这些动词或词组均含“参加,加入”之意。 attend侧重参加或出席会议或学术活动等。 join普通用词,指加入党派、团体或游戏活动等。 participate in正式用词,特指参加团体活动,暗示以一个积极的角色参加。 take part in侧重参加某项群众性、集体性的事业、工作或活动,突出参加者在其中发挥一定的作用。 join in加入到某人的行列中做某事。,1,2,3,4,5,6,语法指南,1,2,3,4,5,6,语法指南,1,2,3,4,5,6,语法指南,4.Experts say that the positive feelings produced by laughter not only make us happy but also help us reduce pain.(P9) 专家说,通过笑产生的积极的情绪不但会使我们开心,而且帮助我们减少痛苦。 考点:positive adj. 积极的;正面的;肯定的 【高考典句】(2015福建高考)First,decide to do it for yourself and work towards staying positive.Then make sure the people you surround yourself with are supportive.首先,决定为你自己做这件事,工作时保持积极的态度。然后确保你周围的人是支持你的。 His family have a very positive influence on him. 他的家人对他有着十分积极的影响。,1,2,3,4,5,6,语法指南,考点延伸 (1)阅读下列句子,指出黑体单词的相关词组及含义 You have every reason to be positive about the future. 你完全有理由对未来感到乐观。 词组 含义 (2)阅读下列句子,指出黑体单词的词性及含义 We need to approach this problem positively. 我们需要积极地处理这个问题。 词性 含义 He gave me a negative answer. 他给了我一个否定的答案：。 词性 含义,be positive about,对乐观,副词,积极地,形容词,否定的,1,2,3,4,5,6,语法指南,be positive about.对乐观 positively adv. 积极地 negative adj. 否定的,1,2,3,4,5,6,语法指南,1,2,3,4,5,6,语法指南,5some jokes will drive away your negative feelings and make you feel much better.(P9) 一些笑话会赶走你的负面情绪,从而使你感觉好多了。 考点:drive away 驱赶;赶走;驱车离开;把(汽车)开走;开车送走 Lets be merry and drive cares away. 让我们尽情欢乐,驱散心里的烦恼吧。 The police drove people away from the spot. 警察把人群赶离现场。 The young man drove his guests away. 这个年轻人开车送走了他的客人。,1,2,3,4,5,6,语法指南,考点延伸 阅读下列句子,指出黑体单词的相关词组及含义 The fierce competition among restaurants has driven down prices. 餐馆之间激烈的竞争已经使价格压低了不少。 词组 含义 Government forces have driven the rebels out of the eastern area. 政府军已经把叛军驱逐出东部地区。 词组 含义 The governments policies are driving up interest rates. 政府的政策正促使利率升高。 词组 含义,drive down,压低,drive out,驱逐,drive up,提高(价格),1,2,3,4,5,6,语法指南,drive down压低 drive out驱逐 drive up提高(价格),1,2,3,4,5,6,语法指南,1,2,3,4,5,6,语法指南,5,6,1,2,3,4,语法指南,6.Practise is the only way to guarantee a successful performance.(P9) 练习是保证成功表演的唯一途径。 考点:guarantee vt. 担保 【高考典句】 (2015北京高考)If youre not satisfied,return it.Money-back guarantee! 如果你不满意,退回来。保证退钱! We guarantee you delivery within one day. 我们担保你在一日内收到。 I guarantee that you will enjoy yourself. 我保证你会玩得快乐。,5,6,1,2,3,4,语法指南,考点延伸 阅读下列句子,指出黑体单词的相关词组及含义 Freedom of speech is guaranteed by our laws. 言论自由受我们的法律保护。 词组 含义 Our tutors can guarantee to get you through the exams. 我们的导师能保证你通过考试。 词组 含义 My watch is still under guarantee,so theyll repair it for free. 我的表还在保修期内,所以他们会免费给我修表的。 词组 含义,be guaranteed by,被保护,guarantee to do sth.,保证做某事,under guarantee,在保修期内,5,6,1,2,3,4,语法指南,guarantee sb.sth.向某人保证某事 guarantee that 保证 be guaranteed by被保护 guarantee to do sth.保证做某事 under guarantee在保修期内,5,6,1,2,3,4,语法指南,5,6,1,2,3,4,语法指南,6,5,1,2,3,4,语法指南,语法指南 非谓语动词作主语、宾语、表语、定语和补足语 (一)不定式和动名词作主语 .不定式作主语时,可以用it作形式主语 It is important for Tom to get that job. 得到那份工作对汤姆来说很重要。 It is kind of you to help me with my English. 你能帮我学英语实在是太好了。 总结:在It is+adj.+for/of sb.to do sth.的结构中,若此形容词说明的是不定式的性质时,则用for;若说明的是人(sb.)的特性,则用of。,6,5,1,2,3,4,语法指南,.动名词作主语还有以下两个习惯表达法 1.It is no use (good)+动名词sth. 做某事没用(不好)。 2.There is no+doing(动名词)sth. 不可能做某事 Its no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。 Its no good spitting in public. 在公共场合随地吐痰不好。 There is no knowing what may happen. 可能发生什么无法知道。,6,5,1,2,3,4,语法指南,.动名词和不定式作主语的区别 Walking is a good way of exercise. 散步是锻炼的一种好方法。 Its my work this afternoon to teach the children. 教这些孩子是我今天下午的工作。 总结:不定式和动名词作主语的区别 1.不定式作主语时常表示某一次具体的动作,具有偶然性; 2.doing(动名词)表示习惯性的动作,往往表示抽象概念。 注意:该规则同样适用于作宾语、表语,如like to do/like doing。,6,5,1,2,3,4,语法指南,(二)非谓语动词作宾语 .仅用不定式作宾语的动词有:agree,refuse,offer,promise,decide,determine,intend,manage,fail,hope,expect,long,wish,tend,desire,plan,pretend等。 .动词 know,show 等常跟疑问词加不定式作宾语。 .在某些复合宾语中,用it作形式宾语,而把不定式放到后面去。 consider/feel/think/find/make it+n./adj.+to do sth. I found it impossible to finish the work on time. 我发现不可能准时完成这项工作。 .仅用动名词作宾语的动词有:admit,advocate(提倡),appreciate,avoid,delay,enjoy,escape,excuse,prevent,finish,imagine,mind,miss,practice,resist,risk,suggest,stand,forgive,keep等。,6,5,1,2,3,4,语法指南,.allow,permit,forbid,advise后接动名词作宾语,但如果在它们后提到有关的人,就只能用不定式作宾语补足语,如:allow sb.to do sth.。 .在动词need,require,deserve 等后加动名词作宾语时表示被动意义,相当于 to be done。如:need doing=need to be done。,6,5,1,2,3,4,语法指南,(三)非谓语动词作表语 .注意两个问题 一是并行结构问题 二是时间问题:一般来说,不定式作表语都表示该动作发生在将来,故在表示“目的、愿望、梦想、需求”等的名词作主语时,其表语应该用不定式。动名词作表语一般用来表示“身份、职业”等。 My dream of life is to become a scientist. 我的人生梦想是成为科学家。 My job is teaching. 我的职业是教书。,6,5,1,2,3,4,语法指南,.现在分词和过去分词作表语的区别: 现在分词说明主语所具有的特征;过去分词多表示主语所处的状态。 The speech was inspiring. 这个演讲令人鼓舞。 The students were greatly inspired. 学生受到极大鼓舞。,6,5,1,2,3,4,语法指南,.由 all,what 引导的主语从句或者主语被only,first,one,least 或形容词最高级修饰时,而且从句中含do或do的形式does/did时,其表语如果是动词不定式,则往往省去to。 All I did was empty the bottle. 我所做的是倒空这个瓶子。 What I wanted to do was drive all night. 我想做的是彻夜开车。 The only thing I could do was do it myself. 我唯一能做的是我自己解决。,6,5,1,2,3,4,语法指南,(四)非谓语动词作定语 .位置:单个分词作定语可放在名词前,其余均放在名词后。 Do you know the student seated/sitting at the back of the classroom? 你认识坐在教室后面的那个学生吗? Have you read the news referring to house prices? 你看过关于房价的那则新闻吗? the concerned parents 忧心的家长 the parents concerned 相关的家长,6,5,1,2,3,4,语法指南,.非谓语动词作定语时要注意以下区别: A)分词作定语时与其所修饰的名词有逻辑上的主谓关系; a sleeping child=a child who is sleeping 睡觉的孩子 B)动名词作定语时只表示用途、场所等意义; a sleeping bag=a bag for sleeping 睡袋 C)不定式作定语时要注意以下一些固定结构 若作定语的动词不定式是不及物动词,后面必须要有介词; to do 表示事情由句子主语自己做;to be done 表示事情由别人做; 在 ability,attempt,chance,courage,decision,effort,power,right,time 等名词后;,6,5,1,2,3,4,语法指南,由序数词only,last,next 或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式作定语; She has no pencil to write with. 她没有铅笔写字。 I dont think he is the best man to do the job. 我认为他不是做这项工作的最佳人选。 I have no time to do my homework. 我没有时间做作业。 He is always the first/the last one to leave the office. 他总是第一个/最后一个离开办公室。,6,5,1,2,3,4,语法指南,D)表示被动意义的非谓语动词作定语时的用法 done表示已经完成的动作;to be done表示尚未开始的动作;being done表示正在进行之中的动作