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专业好文档 1 二次根式复习二次根式复习 1.1.二次根式:二次根式:式子(0)叫做二次根式。aa 2.2.最简二次根式:最简二次根式:必须同时满足下列条件: 被开方数中不含开方开的尽的因数或因式不含开方开的尽的因数或因式; 被开方数中不含分母不含分母; 分母中不不 含根式含根式。 3.3.同类二次根式:同类二次根式: 二次根式化成最简二次根式后,若被开方数相同,则这几个二次根式就是同类二次根式。 4.4.二次根式的性质:二次根式的性质: (1) ()2= (0) ; (2)aaa 5.5.二次根式的运算:二次根式的运算: (1)因式的外移和内移:如果被开方数中有的因式能够开得尽方,那么,就可以用它 的算术根代替而移到根号外面;如果被开方数是代数和的形式,那么先解因式,变形为 积的形式,再移因式到根号外面,反之也可以将根号外面的正因式平方后移到根号里面 (2)二次根式的加减法:先把二次根式化成最简二次根式再合并同类二次根式 (3)二次根式的乘除法:二次根式相乘(除) ,将被开方数相乘(除) ,所得的积(商) 仍作积(商)的被开方数并将运算结果化为最简二次根式 ab=ab(a0,b0) ; bb aa (b0,a0) (4)有理数的加法交换律、结合律,乘法交换律及结合律,乘法对加法的分配律以 及多项式的乘法公式,都适用于二次根式的运算 【典型例题典型例题】 1、概念与性质、概念与性质 例例 1 下列各式 1) 222 11 ,2)5,3)2,4) 4,5) () ,6) 1,7)21 53 xaaa, 其中是二次根式的是_(填序号) 例例 2、求下列二次根式中字母的取值范围、求下列二次根式中字母的取值范围 (1);(2) x x 3 1 5 2 2)-(x 例例 3、 在根式 1) 222 ;2);3);4) 27 5 x abxxyabc,最简二次根式是( ) a1) 2) b3) 4) c1) 3) d1) 4) (0)aa aa2 (0aa ) 0 (=0) ;a 专业好文档 2 例例 4、已知:、已知: 。22, 2 1 1881 x y y x x y y x xxy 例例 5、 (2009 龙岩)已知数 a,b,若 2 ()ab=ba,则 ( ) a. ab b. a0,b0 时,则: ; 1 a ab b 1 a ab b 例 8、比较与的大小。5323 5、规律性问题、规律性问题 例例 1. 观察下列各式及其验证过程: , 验证:; 验证:. (1)按照上述两个等式及其验证过程的基本思路,猜想 4 4 15 的变形结果,并进行验 证; 专业好文档 4 (2)针对上述各式反映的规律,写出用 n(n2,且 n 是整数)表示的等式,并给出验证 过程. 例例 2. 已知,则 a_ 发展:已知,则 a_。 例例 3 3、化简下列各式:、化简下列各式: (1 1) (2 2)42 352 6 例例 4、已知 ab0,a+b=6ab,则 ab ab 的值为( )a 2 2 b2 c 2 d 1 2 例 5、甲、乙两个同学化简时,分别作了如下变形: 甲:=; 乙:=。 其中, ( ) 。 a. 甲、乙都正确 b. 甲、乙都不正确 c. 只有甲正确 d. 只有乙正确 【基础训练基础训练】 1化简:(1)_ _; (2)_ _; (3)72 22 2524 _ _;6 12 18 (4)_ _; (5)。 32 75(0,0)x yxy_420 2.(08,安徽)化简=_。 2 4 3.(08,武汉)计算的结果是4 .2 2 -2 4 4. 化简: 专业好文档 5 (1) (08,泰安)的结果是 ; (2)的结果是 9123 ; (3)(08,宁夏)= ; (4) (08,黄冈)5-2=_ 825xx _; (5) (08,宜昌)(5)=_; (6) 33 ; (7)(08,荆门)_;(8) 5 (08,重庆)计算的结果是28 a、6 b、 c、2 d、62 6 (08,广州)的倒数是 。3 7. (08,聊城)下列计算正确的是 a b cd 8.下列运算正确的是 a、 b、 c、 d、4 . 06 . 15 . 15 . 1 2 39 3 2 9 4 9 (08,中山)已知等边三角形 abc 的边长为33,则 abc 的周长是 _; 10. 比较大小: 。10 11 (08,嘉兴)使有意义的的取值范围是 2xx 12.(08,常州)若式子在实数范围内有意义,则 x 的取值范围是5x a.x-5 b.x2 c. m2 d. m0)中,属于同类二次根式的是( ) 。 a. c. 专业好文档 8 7. 当 0x2 时,化简 2的结果是( ) 。 a. 8下列运算正确的是() a 3 273b 0 (3.14)1 c 1 1 2 2 d93 9估计 1 83 2 的运算结果应在( ) a1 到 2 之间 b2 到 3 之间 c3 到 4 之间 d4 到 5 之间 二、填空题:二、填空题: 1. 已知 a、b 在数轴上的位置如图所示,ba的化简结果是 _。 2 若 x0,y0,则成立的条件是_。 3. 已知 m 是小于 10 的正整数,且可化为同类二次根式,m 可取的值有 _。 4. 如果 xy=,xy=51,那么(x+1) (x1)的值为_。 5. 已知 x=12,x=_。 6. 若 a2,的化简结 果是_。 三、解答题三、解答题 1.已知 x=2+1,求( 22 1 21 xx xxxx ) 1 x 的值 2对于题目“化简求值: 1 a + 2 2 1 2a a ,其中 a= 1 5 ”,甲、乙两个学生的解答不同 甲的解答是: 1 a + 2 2 1 2a a = 1 a + 2 1 ()a a = 1 a + 1 a a= 249 5 a a 乙的解答是: 1 a + 2 2 1 2a a = 1 a + 2 1 ()a a = 1 a +a 1 a =a= 1 5 专业好文档 9 谁的解答是错误的?为什么? 3. 已知 a、b、c 均为实数,且=c。 化简。 专业好文档 10 winger tuivasa-sheck, who scored two tries in the kiwis 20-18 semi-final win over england, has been passed fit after a lower-leg injury, while slater has been named at full-back but is still recovering from a knee injury aggravated against usa. both sides boast 100% records heading into the encounter but australia have not conceded a try since josh charnleys effort in their first pool match against england on the opening day. aussie winger jarryd hayne is the competitions top try scorer with nine, closely followed by tuivasa-sheck with eight. but it is recently named rugby league international federation player of the year sonny bill williams who has attracted the most interest in the tournament so far. the kiwi - with a tournament high 17 offloads - has the chance of becoming the first player to win the world cup in both rugby league and rugby union after triumphing with the all blacks in 2011. “id give every award back in a heartbeat just to get across the line this weekend,“ said williams.the (lack of) air up there watch mcayman islands-based webb, the head of fifas anti-racism taskforce, is in london for the football associations 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend citys premier league match at chelsea on sunday. “i am going to be at the match tomorrow and i have asked to meet yaya toure,“ he told bbc sport. “for me its about how he felt and i would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was.“ uefa has opened disciplinary proceedings against cska for the “racist behaviour of their fans“ during citys 2-1 win. michel platini, president of european footballs governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referees actions. cska said they were “surprised and disappointed“ by toures complaint. in a statement the russian side added: “we found no racist insults from fans of cska.“ baumgartner the disappointing news: mission aborted. the supersonic descent could happen as early as sunda. the weather plays an important role in this mission. starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. the balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. it will climb higher than the tip of mount everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. as he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause),e can expect a lot of turbulence. the balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet ( then, i would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an olympic diving platform. they blew it in 2008 when they got caught cold in the final and they will not make the same mistake against the kiwis in manchester. five years ago they cruised through to the final and so far history has repeated itself here - the last try they conceded was scored by englands josh charnley in the opening game of the tournament. that could be classed as a weakness, a team under-cooked - but i have been impressed by the kangaroos focus in their games since then. 专业好文档 11 they have been concentrating on the sort of stuff that wins you tough, even contests - strong defence, especially on their own goal-line, completing sets and a good kick- chase. theyve been great at all the unglamor

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