句子成分和简单句的五种基本句型.doc

环球雅思学科教师辅导教案 学员编号： 年 级： 八 课时数：3课时 学员姓名：侯雯瑄 辅导科目 英语 学科教师： 杨书玉 授课类型复习课星 级教学目的通过复习掌握句子成分和简单句的五种基本句型授课日期及时段2013.02.17 17:00-19:00教学内容句子成分和简单句的五种基本句型 一 句子成分 句子成分：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、宾语补足语、表语共七种1.主语：在简单句中，主语一般由名词、代词、动名词或不定式来充当。动名词、动词不定式做主语是通常用it 做形式主语。（1）名词作主语：english is very important .the students all love their english teacher.(2)代词作主语：they go to school by bus. most of the students come from the countryside .(3) 动名词做主语： watching tv too much is bad for your eyes .getting up early is good for us (4) 动词不定式做主语： to see is to believe. its very important to learn english.2.谓语：谓语必须由动词充当，可做谓语的动词一般为行为动词（表动作）和连系动词（表状态），行为动词根据其后是否可直接接宾语，可分为及物动词和不及物动词。 及物动词做谓语 we should help him. he ate an apple. i like bananas.不及物动词作谓语 he left yesterday. youre driving too fast.连系动词表状态 he is a good teacher. his son is my friend. she looks young.常见的连系动词有：be keep stay look sound smell taste feel get become turn go3.表语：表语与连系动词连用，构成系表结构，说明主语的身份或特征，一般由形容词、名词、动名词、动词不定式、分词等充当。如： they are brother and sister . his mother looks young .4.宾语;宾语是行为动词的对象，一般可分为动词宾语和介词宾语，充当宾语的可以是名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式或整个句子。如： i like chinese food. we all like her.i finished reading the novel. they decided to go to beijing. i hope you can help me.5.定语：定语修饰限制名词或代词，分为前置定语和后置定语。his father is a doctor.(形容词性物主代词)mr green has two sons.(数词)i bought a new dictionary.(形容词)the man downstairs is mr li. (副词)id like something to drink .(不定式)the man under the tree is li mings father.(介词短语)do you know the man who is standing there?(句子)6.状语：状语修饰动词、形容词或副词。1）ioften get up at 6:30 in the morning .(时间)2）i bought the book in the shop.(地点)3）he is very tall.(程度)4）he got up early to catch the early bus.(目的)5）we go to school on foot.(方式)6）im glad to meet you .(原因)7）the teacher came in with a book in his hand .(伴随)7.宾语补足语：用来补充说明宾语，与宾语存在逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系。1）i find it easy .(形容词)2）call me jim.(名词)3) i heard him singing in the next room.（分词）三练习：找出每个句子的各个成分1.we speak english.2.they get up at 5:00 in the morning every day.3.my father goes to work by car.4.eating too much is bad for us .5.to see is to believe.6.i see many people playing football on the playground.7.the box isnt heavy.8.they felt very excited.9.pandas live in china.10. he is sleeping .11. jane will visit tianjin.12.she is my friend.13.a number of students want to go to moives.14.our family is a happy one.15.he missed the train this morning.二简单句的五种基本句型：学了句子成分之后，我们来学习简单句的五种基本句型。1. s+v(主语+谓语)型： we stopped. they have come. things changed. he got up . my father is sitting. they are talking.2. s+v+o(主语+谓语+宾语)型：she is watching tv. they talked about the film. i dont like basketball. my father likes reading a newspaper. 3. s+v+p(主语+系动词+表语)型： i am a teacher /busy. she looks young . the days get longer in spring . she became a doctor in the end . we should keep healthy. the dumplings taste delicious. this kind of cloth feels soft.4. s+v+ino+do(主语+谓语+间宾+直宾)（双宾语型）： i read her a story. she showed me her photos. my mother made me a cake. i gave him my eraser. he lent me his bike . 这种双宾语型常可转换成sth to /for sb . i read her a story.=i read a story for her . she showed me her photos.=she showed her photos to me . m y mother made me a cake .=my mother made a cake for me. i gave him my eraser=i gave my eraser to her . he lent me his bike .=he lent his bike to me.5. s+v+o +c(复合宾语)型： i helped her brush her teeth. you should keep them warm at night. i find it easy. i want you to help me. 三练习：分析下列句子各属于哪种简单句：1.we speak english.2.they get up at 5:00 in the morning every day.3.my father goes to work by car.4.eating too much is bad for us .5.to see is to believe.6.i see many people playing football on the playground.7.the box isnt heavy.8.they felt very excited.9.pandas live in china.10. he is sleeping .11. jane will visit tianjin.12.she is my friend.13.a number of students want to go to moives.14.our family is a happy one.15.he missed the train this morning. 16.he gave me an orange. 17.i asked him to go to school with me. 18.i heard someone knocking at the door. 19.my mother told me to get up early. 20.he passed his father some salt.四课后小结：本课学习了句子成分和简单句的五种基本句型，归纳为：主，谓，宾，定，状，宾补，表；s+v型；s+v+o型； s+v+p型；s+v+ino+do; s+v+o+c型。 五谚语: 1.a good anvil does not fear the hammer.好砧不怕锤打。 2.the cobblers wife is the worst shod.鞋匠的老婆没鞋穿 3.a bird in hand is worse two in the bush.双鸟在林不如一鸟在手 4.all is not gold that glitters.发光的未必都是金子 5.close mouth catches no flies.病从口入 6.a good medicine tastes bitter .良药苦口 7.the first wealth is health.健康是人生的第一财富。 8.every man desires to li