一般过去时和过去完成时.ppt

Unit 3 Grammar,The Past Simple and the Past Perfect （一般过去时和过去完成时）,The Past Simple Tense（一般过去时）,一、概念 一般过去时是表示在过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态。也可以表示在过去某一阶段习惯性、经常做的动作。过去主语所具备的能力和性格。 如：The teacher often did some reading in the morning when he was a child. （这个老师在他是一个孩子时经常看书是再过去常常，反复做的动作，所以这个句子要用一般过去时）,二，基本用法 1表示在过去某个时间所发生的动作或所处的状态。常与这些时间副词连用 (1). yesterday或以其构成的短语：yesterday morning(afternoon, evening)等； (2). 由last+一时间名词构成的短语：last night, last year (winter, month, week)等； (3). 由时间段+ago构成的短语：a moment ago, a short time ago, an hour ago等； (4). 其它：in 1989, just now, at that moment,at that time, the other day等 如：He was here just now. 他刚才还在这里。 What did you do yesterday? 你昨天做了什么事？,2在过去一段时间内的经常性或习惯性动作。常与often，always，usually等频度副词 连用。 如Sally often does some reading in the morning. We often played together when we were children. 我们小时候常在一起玩。 注：表示过去经常发生的动作还可用used to 和would。 如：He used to smoke a lot, but he doesnt now. 他过去经常抽烟，但现在不抽了。,3表示主语过去的特征或性格。 如：At that time she was very good at English. 那时她英语学得很好,4 表示一系列的动作，尽管有先后，都用一般过去时，最后两个动词之间用and连结。 如： He opened the door, rushed out and then disappeared. 他打开门，冲了出去，然后就消失了,5. 注意在语境中理解我刚才/原来还不。 如：Your phone number again? I didnt quite catch it. Its 2566666. 请再说一次你的电话号码，好吗？我刚才没听清楚。,6.有时用一般过去时也是时态一致的需要。 如：I didnt know you were here. 没想到你在这里。,注意 句型：1.It is time for sb.to do sth “到时间了“ “该了“. 例如：It is time for you to go to bed.你该睡觉了. It is time that sb.did sth.“时间已迟了“ “早该了“ 例如：It is time you went to bed.你早该睡觉了. 2. would （had） rather sb.did sth.表示宁愿某人做某事. 例如：Id rather you came tomorrow.还是明天来吧.,三、基本结构, 系动词be 的过去式有两种形式：was 和were。其中was 是am和is的过去式，were 是are的过去式。, 规则动词过去式的构成：, walkwalked playplayed,一般在动词末尾加ed, loveloved decidedecided,以不发音e结尾的动词末尾只加d, studystudied carrycarried,结尾是“辅音字母y ”的动词。先将y 变为i，再加ed 。, stopstopped planplanned,末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，先双写该辅音字母，再加ed 。,The Past Perfect Tense （过去完成时）,一、概念 过去完成时表示过去某一时间或动作以前已 经发生或完成了的动作.它表示动作发生的时 间是“过去的过去”.,二、构成 过去完成时由“助动词had+过去分词”构成 。 1）We had learnt 30 lessons by the end of last month.到上个月末为止,我们已经学了30课. 2）He said we hadnt seen each other since I left Beijing.自从我离开北京,我们还没见过面.,二、基本用法 1. 由时间状语来判定 与过去完成时连用的时间状语有： （ 1 ） by + 过去的时间点。 如： I had finished reading the novel by nine oclock last night. （ 2） before + 过去的时间点。 如： They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.,2. 由“过去的过去”的定义来判定。 1 ）宾语从句中，当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。 如： She said that she had seen the film before. 2 ）状语从句中 ， 在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。 如 After he had finished his homework, he went to bed. 3）表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示“原本，未能“ We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt.,过去完成时与一般过去时的区别 1. 时间状语不同：过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”；而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。 They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday. They arrived at the station at ten yesterday. 2. 在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时，谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判断：先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的则用一般过去时。 She was very happy. Her whole family were pleased with her, too. She had just won the first in the composition competition. 3. 当两个或两个以上接连发生的动作用 and 或 but 连接时，按时间顺序，只需用一般过去时来代替过去完成时；另外，在 before ， after ， as soon as 引导的从句中，由于这些连词本身已经表示出时间的先后，因此也可以用过去时来代替过去完成时。 He entered the room, turned on the light and read an evening paper.,exercises,1.This morning I had hardly got to my school when it _to rain. A. had begun B. was beginning C. began D. begins 2.The government announced that twelve high