2019_20学年高中英语Unit1LaughterisgoodforyouPeriodFiveGrammar—Non_predicateverbsⅠ课件.pptx

,Laughter is good for you,Unit 1,PART 1,语法导学,PART 2,达标检测,Period Five GrammarNon-predicate verbs (),PART 1,语法导学,感悟规律 重点难点剖析,感知以下课文原句，完成方框下的小题,1.以上各句中，非谓语动词作主语的是：句_；非谓语动词作宾语的是：句_。 2.以上各句中，非谓语动词在句中作方式状语是：句_；非谓语动词作伴随状语且该非谓语动词表示主动和正在进行的动作的是句_。 3.句5中宾语与宾语补足语之间是_关系。 4.从句2中可以看出，现在分词在句中作定语，表示其与被修饰名词之间存在_关系；从句7，8中可以看出过去分词在句中作定语，表示其与被修饰名词之间存在_关系。,查看答案,6,1，4,3,4,主动,主动,被动,一、非谓语动词的句法功能 非谓语动词包括不定式、动名词和分词，非谓语动词可在句中作主语、宾语、补语、表语、定语和状语。,二、非谓语动词作主语 1.不定式作主语 (1)不定式作主语表示某一次的具体动作、将来的动作或一般情况。作主语的不定式有时态和语态的变化，而且谓语动词的数通常用单数。 To hesitate means failure. 犹豫不决就意味着失败。 To know everything is to know nothing. 样样皆通，样样稀松。 To smoke so much is not very good for you. 抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。,(2)有时候为了保持句子平衡，也可以用it作形式主语，而将作主语的动词不定式后置。 It is our duty to give as much help as possible. 提供尽可能多的帮助是我们的职责。 (3)不定式的逻辑主语通常用for/of sb. 表示，常用于“It isadj.for/of sb. to do sth. ”结构。 Its difficult for us to finish the work. 对我们来说，完成这项工作是困难的。 Its clever of you to work out the maths problem. 你真聪明，解出了这道数学题。,2.动名词作主语 (1)动名词作主语常表示一般性的、习惯性的动作或状态，动名词有时态和语态的变化，且谓语动词通常用单数形式。 Saying is easier than doing.说比做容易。 Having seen a lot of the world in ones youth is a good thing.年轻时多见见世面是件好事。 Being laughed at in public is what you will never want to happen to you. 被当众嘲笑是你永远不想发生在自己身上的事情。,温馨提示 若形容词是描述事物，不是对不定式行为者的品格进行评价，用for；若形容词是描述不定式行为者的性格、品质的，用of。,(2)动名词作主语时，可位于句首和句末。动名词位于句末时常用it作形式主语。常见句型有：,It is no use waiting here. 在这儿等无济于事。 It is worthwhile spending some time doing this job. 花点儿时间做这项工作是值得的。 注意：动名词作主语时可以有自己的逻辑主语。 His leaving is a great loss. 他的离开是一个巨大的损失。,三、非谓语动词作定语 1.不定式作定语 (1)作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。 The Browns have a comfortable house to live in. 布朗一家有舒适的房子可住。,(2)当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可用主动语态，也可用被动语态，但其含义有所不同。试比较： Have you got anything to send? 你有什么东西要寄吗？(不定式to send的动作执行者是“你”) Have you got anything to be sent? 你有什么要(我或别人)寄的东西吗？(不定式to be sent的动作执行者是“我”或“别人”),(3)用不定式作定语的几种情况： 不定式表将来 The car to be bought is for his sister. 要买的这辆车是给他姐姐的。 用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no，all，any等限定的中心词。 He was the best man to do the job. 他是做这项工作的最佳人选。 She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games. 她是在奥运会上第一个获得金牌的女选手。,用来修饰的词是抽象名词时用不定式，常见的有ability，chance，idea，fact，excuse，promise，answer，reply，attempt，belief，way，reason，moment，time等。 Do you have the ability to read and write in English? 你具备英语读写的能力吗？ I have no chance to go sightseeing. 我没有机会外出观光。,2.分词作定语 (1)现在分词作定语：作定语的现在分词，与所修饰词之间是主动关系。 单个分词作定语通常放在所修饰的名词的前面，分词短语作定语通常放在所修饰的名词的后面。 Keep silent in order not to wake up the sleeping baby. 保持安静，别惊醒睡觉的小孩。 If you see soldiers wearing sky-blue helmets，they are United Nations peacekeepers. 如果你看见戴着天蓝色头盔的士兵，他们就是联合国维和人员。,现在分词的一般式(doing)作定语，表示主动、进行的动作；现在分词一般式的被动语态(being done)作定语，表示被动、进行的动作。 The man standing by the window is our teacher. 站在窗户旁边的那个人是我们的老师。 The bridge being repaired will be in use next month. 正在修缮的大桥将于下个月使用。,温馨提示 动名词作定语往往表示某种用途，而不是正在进行着的动作，如a walking stick拐杖，a reading room阅览室。,(2)过去分词作定语：作定语的过去分词与所修饰词之间是被动关系。表示被动或完成的动作。 The house built last year has become our lab. 去年建的那座房子已经成了我们的实验室。 English is now an international language，spoken by about 750 million people. 英语现在是一门国际语言，约有7.5亿人说英语。,3.不定式的一般被动式(to be done)、过去分词(done)、现在分词的一般被动式(being done)作定语时的区别： 不定式的一般被动式(to be done)表示将来的被动动作；过去分词(done)表示被动或完成的动作；现在分词的一般被动式(being done)表示被动、进行的动作。 Have you read the novel written by Dickens? 你读过狄更斯写的小说吗？ Listen！The song being sung is very popular with the students. 听！现在正唱着的这首歌在学生中非常流行。 The question to be discussed at tomorrows meeting is very important. 明天将要在会上讨论的这个问题非常重要。,四、非谓语动词作宾语补足语 1.一般情况下，不定式作宾补常表示动作是将来发生的，现在分词作宾补表示动作正在进行，而过去分词作宾补常表示被动含义。 The children asked their parents to take them to the park.孩子们要求父母带他们去公园。 Suddenly he heard someone knocking gently on the window. 忽然他听见有人在轻轻地敲窗户。 When they got there，they found the house burnt down.当他们到那儿时，发现房子已被烧毁。,2.感官动词，如see，watch，observe，notice，hear，feel及部分表示“使”“让”的使役动词，如have，make，let后跟不定式作宾补时要省略不定式符号to。但在被动语态中to要加上。 Though he had often made his sister cry，today he was made to cry by his sister. 尽管他总是弄哭他妹妹，今天他却被他妹妹弄哭了。,温馨提示 感官动词后跟分词和动词不定式作宾补的区别：如果感官动词后的宾语和宾补之间是主动关系或表示正在进行的动作，则用现在分词；如果是主动关系又表示全过程时，则用省略to的动词不定式；如果是被动关系，且动作已经完成，则用过去分词。 I saw him enter the hall.我看见他进了大厅。 I saw him walking into the hall.我看见他正走进大厅。 I saw him punished by his father. 我看见他受到父亲的惩罚。,1.I didnt mean anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldnt help it.(2018天津，12) A.to eat；to try B.eating；trying C.eating；to try D.to eat；trying,答案,解析,解析 句意为：我没打算吃东西，但这冰淇淋看上去如此美味以至于我忍不住尝了下。mean to do sth. 打算做某事；mean doing sth. 意味着做某事；cant help doing sth. 禁不住/忍不住做某事；cant help (to) do sth. 不能帮忙做某事。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2. along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience.(2018北京，3) A.Travel B.Traveling C.Having traveled D.Traveled,答案,解析,解析 分析句子结构，本句缺少主语。选项中只有B项能作主语。如果动词作句子的主语，只能由不定式或动名词来充当。 C项常用来作状语，表示动作先于谓语动词所表示的动作发生。句意为：沿着古丝绸之路旅行是一次有趣而又有意义的经历。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,3.I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph . (2018天津，7) A.taking B.taken C.being taken D.take,答案,解析,解析 句意为：我需要一个新护照，因此我得去拍照。本题考查have sth. done结构，意为“让别人做某事，让被做”。my photograph与take之间是被动关系，故需用take的过去分词形式。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,4.I was watching the clock all through the meeting，as I had a train .(2017天津，10) A.catching B.caught C.to catch D.to be caught,答案,解析,解析 句意为：整个会议期间，我一直在看时间，因为我要赶火车。结合句意可知，此处表示将要发生的动作，故选C。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,5.Jim has retired，but he still remembers the happy time with his students.(2017北京，32) A.to spend B.spend C.spending D.spent,答案,解析,解析 考查过去分词短语作定语。句意为：吉姆已经退休了，不过他仍然记得和学生们一起度过的快乐时光。time与spend之间是被动关系，故此处用过去分词形式。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,6.To return to the problem of water pollution，Id like you to look at a study in Australia in 2012.(2016浙江，10) A.having conducted B.to be conducted C.conducting D.conducted,答案,解析,解析 句意为：为了再讨论一下水污染的问题，我想让大家看一项2012年在澳大利亚进行的研究。分析句子成分可知，句中没有连词，所以空处用非谓语动词，且a study和 conduct 构成逻辑上的被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,7.In art criticism，you must assume the artist has a secret message within the work.(2016江苏，28) A.to hide B.hidden C.hiding D.being hidden,答案,解析,解析 句意为：在艺术评论中，你得假设艺术家藏了一个秘密信息在作品中。句中message与hide之间是被动关系，故要用过去分词作后置定语。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,8. the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.(2015安徽，27) A.Ignore B.Ignoring C.Ignored D.Having ignored,答案,解析,解析 句意为：忽视这两个研究结果的不同将是你犯的最严重的错误之一。分析句子结构可知，will be的前面部分是主语，因此用动名词短语作主语。这里表达一般情况，因此不用完成式。故选B。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,9.Listening to music at home is one thing；going to hear it live is quite another.(2015浙江，18) A.perform B.performing C.to perform D.being performed,答案,解析,解析 句意为：在家听音乐是一回事，去听现场演奏的音乐完全是另外一回事。题干中含有“hear宾语宾语补足语”结构，宾语it(指代music)与perform之间存在被动关系，且此处表示正在被演奏，故应用being performed作宾语补足语。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,10.After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress，Anne Benedict went on all the people who had helped in her career.(2015陕西，17) A.to thank B.thanking C.having thanked D.to have thanked,解析 句意为：在获得奥斯卡最佳女配角奖之后，安妮本尼迪克特继续感谢所有曾经在她的事业中帮助过她的人。go on to do sth. 继续做另一件事；go on doing sth. 继续做同一件事。此处表示拿奖后又继续做另一件事，即感谢所有帮助过她的人，所以选A。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,PART 2,达标检测,当堂检测 基础达标演练,1.Back from his two-year medical service in Africa，Dr Lee was very happy to see his mother _(take) good care of at home. 2.This is the path _(lead) to the school. 3.She is always the last _(speak) at the meeting. 4.The little girl _(dress) in white is Marys younger sister. 5.I think the best way _(travel) is on foot.,.用所给动词的正确形式填空,查看答案,taken,leading,to speak,dressed,to travel,6.The workers were made _(work) day and night. 7.It was foolish of you _(give) up what you owned. 8.Theres a note pinned to the door _(say) when the shop will open again. 9.There are still many problems _(solve) before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon. 10.I believe these _(donate) books can make you more familiar with China.,查看答案,to work,to give,saying,to be solved,donated,11.It carries some articles _about the cultures of their home countries. 它刊登着一些由外国朋友写的关于他们本国文化的文章。 12.Id like to invite you _for a visit to the nearby nursing home next Saturday for the Double Ninth Festival.