食品生物技术绪论（英文）.ppt

Introduction of Food Biotechnology,Wang Yanping,AIST in Japan,BREAKTHROUGHS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY,What Is Biotechnology? outlook in biotechnology? Subjects Involved With Biotechnology? Stages of Biotechnology Development? Main Individuals Contribute to Biotechnology?,What Is Biotechnology?,The use of gene science to create new products from plants and animals Using scientific methods with organisms to produce new products or new forms of organisms,What Is Biotechnology?,Any technique that uses living organisms or substances from those organisms to make or modify a product, to improve plants or animals, or to develop microorganisms for specific uses,What Is Biotechnology?,GMO- genetically modified organisms. GEO- genetically enhanced organisms. With both, the natural genetic material of the organism has been altered. Roots in bread making, wine brewing, cheese and yogurt fermentation, and classical plant and animal breeding,What Is Biotechnology?,Manipulation of genes is called genetic engineering or recombinant DNA technology Genetic engineering involves taking one or more genes from a location in one organism and either Transferring them to another organism Putting them back into the original organism in different combinations,What is the career outlook in biotechnology?,Biotech in 1998 1,300 companies in the US 2/3 have less than 135 employees 140,000 jobs Jobs will continue to increase exponentially Jobs are available to high school graduates through PhDs,What Subjects Are Involved With Biotechnology?,Multidisciplinary- involving a number of disciplines that are coordinated for a desired outcome Science Life sciences Physical sciences Social sciences,What Subjects Are Involved With Biotechnology?,Mathematics Applied sciences Computer applications Engineering Agriculture,What Are the Stages of Biotechnology Development,Ancient biotechnology- early history as related to food and shelter; Includes domestication Classical biotechnology- built on ancient biotechnology; Fermentation promoted food production, and medicine Modern biotechnology- manipulates genetic information in organism; Genetic engineering,What Are the Areas of Biotechnology?,Organismic biotechnology- uses intact organisms; Does not alter genetic material Molecular biotechnology- alters genetic makeup to achieve specific goals Transgenic organism- an organism with artificially altered genetic material,What Did These Individuals Contribute to Biotechnology?,Anton van Leeuwenhoek Discovered cells Bacteria Protists Red blood,What Did These Individuals Contribute to Biotechnology?,Gregor Johan Mendel Discovered genetics,What Did These Individuals Contribute to Biotechnology?,Walter Sutton Discovered Chromosomes,What Did These Individuals Contribute to Biotechnology?,Thomas Hunt Morgan Discovered how genes are transmitted through chromosomes,What Did These Individuals Contribute to Biotechnology?,Ernst Ruska Invented the electron microscope,What Did These Individuals Contribute to Biotechnology?,Sir Alexander Fleming Discovered penicillin,What Did These Individuals Contribute to Biotechnology?,Rosalind Elsie Franklin Research led to the discovery of the double helix structure of DNA,What Did These Individuals Contribute to Biotechnology?,James Watson and Francis Crick Discovered DNA,What Did These Individuals Contribute to Biotechnology?,Mary-Claire King Mapped human genes for research of cancer treatments,What Did These Individuals Contribute to Biotechnology?,Ian Wilmut Created the first true clone, the Dorset ewe Dolly Nobel Prize,What Are the Benefits of Biotechnology?,Medicine Human Veterinary Biopharming Environment Agriculture Food products Industry and manufacturing,Medical Advances,12.,Biotechnology Breakthroughs,Insulin (1982) First commercial biotech product Reliable, inexpensive source of insulin,.,An Enhanced Environment,Environmental Benefits,Reduced pesticide use Lower energy requirements Cleaner water Less soil erosion,Progress In Agriculture,Progress In Agriculture,Achievements of dedicated researchers Farmers adopting improved farming practices,Progress In Agriculture,Potatoes with higher solid content Garlic that lowers cholesterol Fruits and vegetables that reduce risks of cancer and heart disease Rice Enriched with beta-carotene and iron Bananas Containing edible hepatitis vaccine,Hybridization Fermentation Pasteurization,What Has Research Given Us?,Traditional Cross-Breeding,Biotechnology: Tapping Natures Bounty,The American Society for Microbiology,“plant varieties created with biotechnology are grown more efficiently and economically than traditional crops. This eventually should result in a more nutritious product at less cost to the consumer as well as reduced pesticide use and greater environmental protection.”,Improved Food Products,Benefits Through Biotechnology,Longer shelf life Better taste Enhanced nutritional value,Biotechnology Breakthroughs,Higher protein peanuts Longer shelf life for bananas and pineapples Sweeter bell peppers Tastier tomatoes Lower fat vegetable oils,Biotechnology Breakthroughs,New food enzyme used during cheese making process Chymosin (1990) First biotechnology food product approved in the United States,Norman Borlaug, Ph.D. Professor, Texas A&M University Nobel Peace Prize Laureate, 1970,“I believe the world will be able to produce the food needed to feed the projected population of about 8.3 billion in the year 2025but it cannot be attained without permitting the use of technologies now available or without research to further improve and utilize new technologies, including biotechnology and recombinant DNA.”,24.,Michael Jacobson Executive Director Center for Science in the Public Interest,“While biotechnology is not a panacea(万能药） for every nutritional and agricultural problem,