化工原理第二版两册答案习题5附图主编.doc

第一章 流体流动4某储油罐中盛有密度为960 kg/m3的重油（如附图所示），油面最高时离罐底9.5 m，油面上方与大气相通。在罐侧壁的下部有一直径为760 mm的孔，其中心距罐底1000 mm，孔盖用14 mm的钢制螺钉紧固。若螺钉材料的工作压力为39.5106 Pa，问至少需要几个螺钉（大气压力为101.3103 Pa）？解：由流体静力学方程，距罐底1000 mm处的流体压力为作用在孔盖上的总力为每个螺钉所受力为因此习题5附图习题4附图5如本题附图所示，流化床反应器上装有两个U管压差计。读数分别为R1=500 mm，R2=80 mm，指示液为水银。为防止水银蒸气向空间扩散，于右侧的U管与大气连通的玻璃管内灌入一段水，其高度R3=100 mm。试求A、B两点的表压力。解：（1）A点的压力 （2）B点的压力 7某工厂为了控制乙炔发生炉内的压力不超过13.3 kPa（表压），在炉外装一安全液封管（又称水封）装置，如本题附图所示。液封的作用是，当炉内压力超过规定值时，气体便从液封管排出。试求此炉的安全液封管应插入槽内水面下的深度h。习题7附图解： 10有一装满水的储槽，直径1.2 m，高3 m。现由槽底部的小孔向外排水。小孔的直径为4 cm，测得水流过小孔的平均流速u0与槽内水面高度z的关系为：试求算（1）放出1 m3水所需的时间（设水的密度为1000 kg/m3）；（2）又若槽中装满煤油，其它条件不变，放出1m3煤油所需时间有何变化（设煤油密度为800 kg/m3）？解：放出1m3水后液面高度降至z1，则由质量守恒，得， （无水补充） (A为储槽截面积故有 即 上式积分得 11如本题附图所示，高位槽内的水位高于地面7 m，水从108 mm4 mm的管道中流出，管路出口高于地面1.5 m。已知水流经系统的能量损失可按hf=5.5u2计算，其中u为水在管内的平均流速（m/s）。设流动为稳态，试计算（1）A-A截面处水的平均流速；（2）水的流量（m3/h）。解：（1）A- A截面处水的平均流速在高位槽水面与管路出口截面之间列机械能衡算方程,得 （1）式中 z1=7 m，ub10，p1=0（表压）z2=1.5 m，p2=0（表压），ub2 =5.5 u2代入式（1）得（2）水的流量（以m3/h计） 习题11附图 习题13附图 13如本题附图所示，用泵2将储罐1中的有机混合液送至精馏塔3的中部进行分离。已知储罐内液面维持恒定，其上方压力为1.0133105 Pa。流体密度为800 kg/m3。精馏塔进口处的塔内压力为1.21105 Pa，进料口高于储罐内的液面8 m，输送管道直径为68 mm 4 mm，进料量为20 m3/h。料液流经全部管道的能量损失为70 J/kg，求泵的有效功率。解：在截面和截面之间列柏努利方程式，得习题14附图14本题附图所示的贮槽内径D=2 m，槽底与内径d0为32 mm的钢管相连，槽内无液体补充，其初始液面高度h1为2 m（以管子中心线为基准）。液体在管内流动时的全部能量损失可按hf=20 u2计算，式中的u为液体在管内的平均流速（m/s）。试求当槽内液面下降1 m时所需的时间。解：由质量衡算方程，得 （1） （2） （3）将式（2），（3）代入式（1）得即 （4）在贮槽液面与管出口截面之间列机械能衡算方程即 或写成 （5）式（4）与式（5）联立，得即 i.c. =0，h=h1=2 m；=，h=1m 积分得 18某液体以一定的质量流量在水平直圆管内作湍流流动。若管长及液体物性不变，将管径减至原来的1/2，问因流动阻力而产生的能量损失为原来的多少倍？解：流体在水平光滑直圆管中作湍流流动时= 或 =/=（式中 =2 ，=（）2 =4因此 =32又由于 =（=（=（2=（0.5）0.25=0.841故 =320.84=26.9 习题19附图 19用泵将2104 kg/h的溶液自反应器送至高位槽（见本题附图）。反应器液面上方保持25.9103 Pa的真空度，高位槽液面上方为大气压。管道为76 mm4 mm的钢管，总长为35 m，管线上有两个全开的闸阀、一个孔板流量计（局部阻力系数为4）、五个标准弯头。反应器内液面与管路出口的距离为17 m。若泵的效率为0.7，求泵的轴功率。（已知溶液的密度为1073 kg/m3，黏度为6.310-4 Pas。管壁绝对粗糙度可取为0.3 mm。）解：在反应器液面1-1，与管路出口内侧截面2-2，间列机械能衡算方程，以截面1-1，为基准水平面，得 （1）式中 z1=0，z2=17 m，ub10p1=-25.9103 Pa (表，p2=0 (表 将以上数据代入式（1），并整理得=9.8117+=192.0+其中 =（+）=1.656105 根据Re与e/d值，查得=0.03，并由教材可查得各管件、阀门的当量长度分别为闸阀（全开）： 0.432 m =0.86 m标准弯头： 2.25 m =11 m故 =(0.03+0.5+4=25.74J/kg于是 泵的轴功率为=1.73kW流体输送管路的计算习题20附图20如本题附图所示，贮槽内水位维持不变。槽的底部与内径为100 mm的钢质放水管相连，管路上装有一个闸阀，距管路入口端15 m处安有以水银为指示液的U管压差计，其一臂与管道相连，另一臂通大气。压差计连接管内充满了水，测压点与管路出口端之间的直管长度为20 m。（1）当闸阀关闭时，测得R=600 mm、h=1500 mm；当闸阀部分开启时，测得R=400 mm、h=1400 mm。摩擦系数可取为0.025，管路入口处的局部阻力系数取为0.5。问每小时从管中流出多少水（m3）？（2）当闸阀全开时，U管压差计测压处的压力为多少Pa（表压）。（闸阀全开时Le/d15，摩擦系数仍可取0.025。）解：（1）闸阀部分开启时水的流量在贮槽水面1-1，与测压点处截面2-2，间列机械能衡算方程，并通过截面2-2，的中心作基准水平面，得 （a）式中 p1=0(表 ub2=0，z2=0z1可通过闸阀全关时的数据求取。当闸阀全关时，水静止不动，根据流体静力学基本方程知 （b）式中 h=1.5 m, R=0.6 m将已知数据代入式（b）得 将以上各值代入式（a），即9.816.66=+2.13 ub2 解得 水的流量为 （2）闸阀全开时测压点处的压力在截面1-1，与管路出口内侧截面3-3，间列机械能衡算方程，并通过管中心线作基准平面，得 （c）式中 z1=6.66 m，z3=0，ub1=0，p1=p3=将以上数据代入式（c），即 9.816.66=+4.81 ub2解得 再在截面1-1，与2-2，间列机械能衡算方程，基平面同前，得 （d）式中 z1=6.66 m，z2=0，ub10，ub2=3.51 m/s，p1=0（表压力）将以上数值代入上式，则 解得 p2=3.30104 Pa（表压） 习题22附图 江苏省2010年普通高校招生体育专业统考考试评分标准我省2010年普通高校招生体育专业考试设身体素质和专项考试两个部分，总分值为150分，其中身体素质考试分值为100分，专项考试分值为50分。身体素质设100米跑、立定三级跳远、800米跑、原地双手头后向前掷实心球等四项必测考试内容；专项设田径、篮球、排球、足球、乒乓球、体操、武术、健美操、羽毛球（新增）等九个项目，由考生根据自身特长在上述九个项目中自主确定选考一项。各专项（田径除外）考试均包含选考内容，具体考试内容由省教育考试院在每年考试前一个月确定并向社会公布。评分标准附件所示。一、身体素质考试内容（一）考试项目100米跑、立定三级跳远、800米跑和原地双手头后向前掷实心球，共四项，每项分值均为25分。（二）考试评分标准1男子100米跑 成绩单位：秒成绩分值成绩分值成绩分值成绩分值11.7425.0012.7515.4713.758.5714.751.7911.8024.4312.8015.0013.808.2314.801.4511.8523.9612.8514.6613.857.8914.851.1211.9023.4912.9014.3213.907.5514.900.7811.9523.0212.9513.9813.957.2114.950.4412.0022.5513.0013.6514.006.8715.000.1012.0522.0813.0513.3114.056.5315.010.0012.1021.6013.1012.9714.106.2012.1521.1313.1512.6314.155.8612.2020.6613.2012.2914.205.5212.2520.1913.2511.9514.255.1812.3019.7213.3011.6114.304.8412.3519.2513.3511.2814.354.5012.4018.7713.4010.9414.404.1612.4518.3013.4510.6014.453.8212.5017.8313.5010.2614.503.4912.5517.3613.559.9214.553.1512.6016.8913.609.5814.602.8112.6516.4213.659.2414.652.4712.7015.9413.708.9014.702.132女子100米跑 成绩单位：秒成绩分值成绩分值成绩分值成绩分值13.0425.0015.2517.5317.4510.5019.653.6713.1024.8015.3017.3617.5010.3419.703.5113.1524.6315.3517.2017.5510.1919.753.3613.2024.4615.4017.0317.6010.0319.803.2013.2524.2915.4516.8617.659.8819.853.0513.3024.1215.5016.6917.709.7219.902.8913.3523.9515.5516.5217.759.5719.952.7413.4023.7815.6016.3517.809.4120.002.5813.4523.6115.6516.1817.859.2620.052.4313.5023.4515.7016.0117.909.1020.102.2713.5523.2815.7515.8417.958.9520.152.1213.6023.1115.8015.6818.008.7920.201.9613.6522.9415.8515.5118.058.6420.251.8113.7022.7715.9015.3418.108.4820.301.6513.7522.6015.9515.1718.158.3320.351.5013.8022.4316.0015.0018.208.1720.401.3413.8522.2616.0514.8418.258.0220.451.1913.9022.0916.1014.6918.307.8620.501.0313.9521.9316.1514.5318.357.7120.550.8814.0021.7616.2014.3818.407.5520.600.7214.0521.5916.2514.2218.457.3920.650.5714.1021.4216.3014.0718.507.2420.700.4114.1521.2516.3513.9118.557.0820.750.2614.2021.0816.4013.7618.606.9320.800.1014.2520.9116.4513.6018.656.7720.810.0014.3020.7416.5013.4518.706.6214.3520.5716.5513.2918.756.4614.4020.4116.6013.1418.806.3114.4520.2416.6512.9818.856.1514.5020.0716.7012.8318.906.0014.5519.9016.7512.6718.955.8414.6019.7316.8012.5219.005.6914.6519.5616.8512.3619.055.5314.7019.3916.9012.2119.105.3814.7519.2216.9512.0519.155.2214.8019.0517.0011.9019.205.0714.8518.8917.0511.7419.254.9114.9018.7217.1011.5919.304.7614.9518.5517.1511.4319.354.6015.0018.3817.2011.2819.404.4515.0518.2117.2511.1219.454.2915.1018.0417.3010.9619.504.1415.1517.8717.3510.8119.553.9815.2017.7017.4010.6519.603.833男子立定三级跳远 成绩单位：米成绩分值成绩分值成绩分值成绩分值9.2025.008.3018.577.4012.166.505.789.1524.648.2518.217.3511.816.455.429.1024.298.2017.867.3011.456.405.079.0523.938.1517.507.2511.106.354.719.0023.578.1017.147.2010.746.304.368.9523.218.0516.797.1510.396.254.008.9022.868.0016.437.1010.036.203.658.8522.507.9516.077.059.686.153.298.8022.147.9015.717.009.326.102.948.7521.797.8515.366.958.976.052.588.7021.437.8015.006.908.616.002.238.6521.077.7514.656.858.265.951.878.6020.717.7014.296.807.905.901.528.5520.367.6513.946.757.555.851.168.5020.007.6013.586.707.205.800.818.4519.647.5513.236.656.845.750.458.4019.297.5012.876.606.495.700.108.3518.937.4512.526.556.135.690.004女子立定三级跳远 成绩单位：米成绩分值成绩分值成绩分值成绩分值7.8025.006.8518.455.9011.884.955.307.7524.666.8018.105.8511.534.904.957.7024.316.7517.765.8011.194.854.607.6523.976.7017.415.7510.844.804.267.6023.626.6517.075.7010.504.753.917.5523.286.6016.725.6510.154.703.577.5022.936.5516.385.609.804.653.227.4522.596.5016.035.559.464.602.877.4022.246.4515.695.509.114.552.537.3521.906.4015.345.458.764.502.187.3021.556.3515.005.408.424.451.837.2521.216.3014.655.358.074.401.497.2020.866.2514.315.307.724.351.147.1520.526.2013.965.257.384.300.797.1020.176.1513.615.207.034.250.457.0519.836.1013.275.156.684.200.107.0019.486.0512.925.106.344.190.006.9519.146.0012.575.055.996.9018.795.9512.235.005.645男子800米跑 成绩单位：分:秒成绩分值成绩分值成绩分值成绩分值2:03.0025.002:25.5016.962:48.008.933:10.500.892:03.5024.822:26.0016.792:48.508.753:11.000.712:04.0024.642:26.5016.612:49.008.573:11.500.532:04.5024.462:27.0016.432:49.508.393:12.000.352:05.0024.292:27.5016.252:50.008.213:12.500.172:05.5024.112:28.0016.072:50.508.033:12.700.102:06.0023.932:28.5015.892:51.007.853:12.710.002:06.5023.752:29.0015.712:51.507.682:07.0023.572:29.5015.542:52.007.502:07.5023.392:30.0015.362:52.507.322:08.0023.212:30.5015.182:53.007.142:08.5023.042:31.0015.002:53.506.962:09.0022.862:31.5014.822:54.006.782:09.5022.682:32.0014.642:54.506.602:10.0022.502:32.5014.462:55.006.422:10.5022.322:33.0014.292:55.506.252:11.0022.142:33.5014.112:56.006.072:11.5021.962:34.0013.932:56.505.892:12.0021.792:34.5013.752:57.005.712:12.5021.612:35.0013.572:57.505.532:13.0021.432:35.5013.392:58.005.352:13.5021.252:36.0013.212:58.505.172:14.0021.072:36.5013.032:59.005.002:14.5020.892:37.0012.862:59.504.822:15.0020.712:37.5012.683:00.004.642:15.5020.542:38.0012.503:00.504.462:16.0020.362:38.5012.323:01.004.282:16.5020.182:39.0012.143:01.504.102:17.0020.002:39.5011.963:02.003.922:17.5019.822:40.0011.783:02.503.742:18.0019.642:40.5011.613:03.003.572:18.5019.462:41.0011.433:03.503.392:19.0019.292:41.5011.253:04.003.212:19.5019.112:42.0011.073:04.503.032:20.0018.932:42.5010.893:05.002.852:20.5018.752:43.0010.713:05.502.672:21.0018.572:43.5010.533:06.002.492:21.5018.392:44.0010.353:06.502.322:22.0018.212:44.5010.183:07.002.142:22.5018.042:45.0010.003:07.501.962:23.0017.862:45.509.823:08.001.782:23.5017.682:46.009.643:08.501.602:24.0017.502:46.509.463:09.001.422:24.5017.322:47.009.283:09.501.242:25.0017.142:47.509.103:10.001.066女子800米跑 成绩单位：分:秒成绩分值成绩分值成绩分值成绩分值2:26.0025.002:48.0019.053:10.0013.163:32.007.372:26.5024.862:48.5018.923:10.5013.033:32.507.232:27.0024.732:49.0018.783:11.0012.893:33.007.102:27.5024.592:49.5018.653:11.5012.763:33.506.972:28.0024.462:50.0018.513:12.0012.633:34.006.842:28.5024.322:50.5018.383:12.5012.503:34.506.712:29.0024.192:51.0018.243:13.0012.373:35.006.582:29.5024.052:51.5018.113:13.5012.243:35.506.442:30.0023.922:52.0017.973:14.0012.103:36.006.312:30.5023.782:52.5017.843:14.5011.973:36.506.182:31.0023.652:53.0017.703:15.0011.843:37.006.052:31.5023.512:53.5017.573:15.5011.713:37.505.922:32.0023.382:54.0017.433:16.0011.583:38.005.792:32.5023.242:54.5017.303:16.5011.453:38.505.652:33.0023.112:55.0017.163:17.0011.313:39.005.522:33.5022.972:55.5017.033:17.5011.183:39.505.392:34.0022.842:56.0016.893:18.0011.053:40.005.262:34.5022.702:56.5016.763:18.5010.923:40.505.132:35.0022.572:57.0016.623:19.0010.793:41.005.002:35.5022.432:57.5016.493:19.5010.663:41.504.862:36.0022.302:58.0016.353:20.0010.523:42.004.732:36.5022.162:58.5016.223:20.5010.393:42.504.602:37.0022.032:59.0016.083:21.0010.263:43.004.472:37.5021.892:59.5015.953:21.5010.133:43.504.342:38.0021.763:00.0015.813:22.0010.003:44.004.212:38.5021.623:00.5015.683:22.509.873:44.504.082:39.0021.493:01.0015.543:23.009.733:45.003.942:39.5021.353:01.5015.413:23.509.603:46.003.682:40.0021.223:02.0015.273:24.009.473:47.003.422:40.5021.083:02.5015.143:24.509.343:48.003.152:41.0020.953:03.0015.003:25.009.213:49.002.892:41.5020.813:03.5014.873:25.509.083:50.002.632:42.0020.683:04.0014.743:26.008.953:51.002.362:42.5020.543:04.5014.613:26.508.813:52.002.102:43.0020.413:05.0014.473:27.008.683:53.001.842:43.5020.273:05.5014.343:27.508.553:54.001.572:44.0020.143:06.0014.213:28.008.423:55.001.312:44.5020.003:06.5014.083:28.508.293:56.001.052:45.0019.863:07.0013.953:29.008.163:57.000.782:45.5019.733:07.5013.823:29.508.023:58.000.522:46.0019.593:08.0013.683:30.007.893:59.000.262:46.5019.463:08.5013.553:30.507.763:59.600.102:47.0019.323:09.0013.423:31.007.633:59.610.002:47.5019.193:09.5013.293:31.507.507男子原地双手头后向前掷实心球（2千克） 成绩单位：米成绩分值成绩分值成绩分值成绩分值15.9525.0013.7015.4711.458.749.202.1515.9024.7913.6515.2511.408.599.152.0015.8524.5813.6015.0411.358.449.101.8615.8024.3613.5514.8811.308.309.051.7115.7524.1513.5014.7411.258.159.001.5615.7023.9413.4514.5911.208.008.951.4215.6523.7313.4014.4411.157.868.901.2715.6023.5213.3514.3011.107.718.851.1215.5523.3113.3014.1511.057.568.800.9815.5023.0913.2514.0011.007.428.750.8315.4522.8813.2013.8610.957.278.700.6915.4022.6713.1513.7110.907.138.650.5415.3522.4613.1013.5710.856.988.600.3915.3022.2513.0513.4210.806.838.550.2515.2522.0313.0013.2710.756.698.500.1015.2021.8212.9513.1310.706.548.490.0015.1521.6112.9012.9810.656.3915.1021.4012.8512.8310.606.2515.0521.1912.8012.6910.556.1015.0020.9712.7512.5410.505.9514.9520.7612.7012.3910.455.8114.9020.5512.6512.2510.405.6614.8520.3412.6012.1010.355.5214.8020.1312.5511.9610.305.3714.7519.9212.5011.8110.255.2214.7019.7012.4511.6610.205.0814.6519.4912.4011.5210.154.9314.6019.2812.3511.3710.104.7814.5519.0712.3011.2210.054.6414.5018.8612.2511.0810.004.4914.4518.6412.2010.939.954.3414.4018.4312.1510.789.904.2014.3518.2212.1010.649.854.0514.3018.0112.0510.499.803.9114.2517.8012.0010.359.753.7614.2017.5811.9510.209.703.6114.1517.3711.9010.059.653.4714.1017.1611.859.919.603.3214.0516.9511.809.769.553.1714.0016.7411.759.619.503.0313.9516.5311.709.479.452.8813.9016.3111.659.329.402.7313.8516.1011.609.179.352.5913.8015.8911.559.039.302.4413.7515.6811.508.889.252.308女子原地双手头后向前掷实心球（2千克） 成绩单位：米7.35成绩分值成绩分值成绩分值成绩分值11.6025.0010.4516.799.3010.538.154.8211.5524.6410.4016.439.2510.288.104.5711.5024.2910.3516.079.2010.038.054.3211.4523.9310.3015.719.159.798.004.0711.4023.5710.2515.369.109.547.953.8311.3523.2110.2015.009.059.297.903.5811.3022.8610.1514.759.009.047.853.3311.2522.5010.1014.508.958.797.803.0811.2022.1410.0514.268.908.547.752.8311.1521.7910.0014.018.858.307.702.5811.1021.439.9513.768.808.057.65p2.3411.0521.079.9013.518.757.807.602.0911.0020.719.85m/s=14.40 m/s则 Pa=10483 PaPa=10967 Pa库存风机的风量q=1.6104 m3/h，风压HT=1.2104 Pa均大于管路要求（qe=1.5104 m3/h，HT=10967 Pa），故风机合用。第三章 非均相混合物分离及固体流态化1颗粒在流体中做自由沉降，试计算（1）密度为2 650 kg/m3，直径为0.04 mm的球形石英颗粒在20 空气中自由沉降，沉降速度是多少？（2）密度为2 1.3410.8519.649.7012.528.556.817.401.0910.8019.299.6512.278.506.560.8410.75核算流型：所以，原假设正确，沉降速度为0.1276 m/s。（2）采用摩擦数群法依，查出：，所以：（3）假设为滞流沉降，得：11.778.406.067.250.3510.6518.212用降尘室除去气体中的固体杂质，降尘室长5 m，宽5 m，高4.2 m，固体杂质为球形颗粒，密度为3000 kg/m33000（标准）m310.6017.869.45（1）若操作在20 下进行，操作条件下的气体密度为1.06 kg/m3，黏度为1.810-5 Pas。（2）若操作在420 下进行，操作条件下的气体密度为0.5 kg/m3，黏度为3.310-5 Pas。解：（1）在降尘室内能够完全沉降下来的最小颗粒的沉降速度为：17.149.3510.788.205.07 二、专项考试内容专项按百分制的形式计分，所得分值0.5折算成专项最终成绩（田径除外）。（一）田径1考试项目427 下操作，若需除去的最小颗粒粒径为考试内容分值1200米跑（男、女）50分2400米跑（男、女）31500米跑（男、女）45000米跑（男）、3000米跑（女）由（1）式计算h 层数米）层 核算颗粒沉降雷诺数：铅球（男6千克，女4千克）10铁饼（男1.5千克，女1解：恒压过滤方程为：由实验数据知：，将上两组数据代入上式得：田径各专项均已按50分制设定评分标准，所得分值即为专