高中英语语法非谓语动词.ppt

非谓语动词,不定式 (to do） 否定(not to do),V-ing （doing）否定(not doing),过去分词（done） 否定(not done),在句子中充当除谓语动词以外的各种句子成分的 动词形式叫做非谓语动词。,非谓语动词有三种：,I want to read a book written by the woman living there. 谓语 非谓语动词,非谓语动词功能表,不定式在句子中可以充当哪些成分？,1、作主语,To run is a good habit.(=It is a good habit to run.),2、作表语,Our plan is to build a bridge over the river.,3、作宾语,I want to buy a dictionary.,4、作定语,He has a chance to go abroad.,5、作状语,To finish the work, he had to get up early.,6、作补语,I ask us to help him.,1、主语,Nodding means agreement.,2、宾语,Would you mind closing the windows?,3、表语,His job is selling newspapers.,4、定语,This is a swimming pool.,动名词在句子当中可以充当哪些成分？,1、表语,He is selling newspapers.,2、定语,The dancing man is my uncle.,现在分词在句子当中可以充当哪些成分？,3 补语,He kept me waiting so long.,4 状语,Walking in the street, I met my teacher.,过去分词在句子当中可以充当哪些成分？,1、定语,This is one of the schools built in the 1980s.,2、表语,The shop is closed.,3、补语,She found her glass stolen.,4、状语,Seen from the space, the earth looks blue.,非谓语动词的形式,动词不定式,动词不定式的形式 John said that he had run in order to catch the bus. （一般式的主动态） He hated to be misunderstood by others. (一般式的被动态) He pretended to be listening attentively. (进行式) He intended to have told you that. (完成式主动态) This work of art seemed to have been created long ago. (完成式的被动态) Were happy to have been working with you. (完成进行式),现在分词的形式 He sat in a chair, reading a novel. (一般式主动态) Being criticized by the boss , he listened attentively. (一般式被动态) Having finished his homework, he went playing. (完成式主动态) All this having been settled, he went home. (完成式被动态),过去分词的形式 Seen from the space, the earth is filled with water. Given more time, we could have done it better. An old man entered, supported by a girl. He hurried to get home, only to find his house broken into. All the broken windows have been repaired. The bridge built last month needs repairing. She is well dressed.,非谓语动词的 比较,加不定式作宾语的动词： agree, attempt, expect, decide, seem, intend, try, refuse, manage, fail, mean, pretend, promise, offer , learn , plan, help , hope, prepare , choose, wish want , determine , would like等。 He managed to pass the exam. He promised to be here at nine. I didnt expect to see you here.,只接动词-ing形式作宾语的及物动词有： admit 承认 appreciate 感激 avoid 避免 put off 推迟 keep 保持 consider 考虑 delay 耽搁 dislike 不喜欢；厌恶 resist抵制 mention 提及 enjoy 喜欢 escape 避免 excuse 原谅 practice 练习 mind介意 feel like 意欲 finish 完成 imagine 想像 risk 冒险 forgive 原谅 miss 错过 give up 放弃 suggest 建议 cannot help 情不自禁 allow 允许 permit 允许 look forward to 盼望 be used to 习惯于 succeed in 成功地做某事 stick to 坚持 etc. Some people do not enjoy smoking. We are looking forward to seeing you again.,有些动词既可接动名词又可接动词不定式作宾语，但有差别 1）forget to do 忘记要去做某事（此事未做） forget doing忘记做过某事（此事已做过或已发生） 2）stop to do 停止正在做的事，去做另一件事 stop doing 停止正在做的事 3）remember to do 记得要去做某事（未做） remember doing记得做过某事(已做) 4) regret to do 遗憾要去做某事 regret doing 后悔做过某事 5）try to do尽力做某事 try doing试着做某事 6) mean to do打算做某事 mean doing意味着做某事 7）go on to do 继续做（另外一件事） go on doing 继续做（原先没有做完的事情）,不定式, 现在分词, 过去分词做定语的区别 不定式表示即将发生。 The building to be completed next month is our library. 动名词表示功能。 The old man bought a walking stick. 现在分词表示主动或正在进行。 China is a developing country. 过去分词表示被动或完成. The broken cup is my aunts.,不定式, 现在分词, 过去分词做状语的区别 不定式作状语一般表目的或结果: They studied hard to get high marks(目的) He hurried to the station , only to find the train has left(结果) 现在分词作状语一般表伴随或结果 They stood by the roadside talking about the plan(伴随) European football is played in 80 countries, making it the most famous sports in the world. 过去分词作状语一般表被动或完成 The pop singer, followed by two body guards, came to meet his fans.,不定式, 现在分词, 过去分词做宾补的区别 使役动词及感官动词 let, make, have, leave, feel, hear, see, watch, observe , notice等 动词不定式表动作的全过程, 宾语与动词不定式是主动关系 He heard someone sing a song in the next room. 现在分词说明宾语的动作正在进行，宾语与现在分词是主动关系 He heard someone singing in the next room. 过去分词说明宾语与过去分词是被动关系 He heard the song sung in the next room.,动名词和不定式在意义上的区别： 动名词表示一般性、习惯性、抽象性的动作； 不定式表示具体的或一次性的动作，也可表示将 来的动作。 I like swimming but I dont like to swim in the pool today,动名词和现在分词作定语时的区别 动名词作定语时，和它所修饰的词没有逻辑上的主谓关系，而分词作定语时，和它所修饰的词有逻辑上的主谓关系。 reading text 阅读课文 （动名词） developing countries 发展中国家 （现在分词） a sleeping bag 睡袋 （动名词） 所以判断是现在分词还是动名词，可以根据它们和被修饰词有无逻辑上的主谓关系来判断，有主谓关系的是现在分词，无主谓关系的是动名词。 a swimming girl (现在分词) a swimming pool (动名词),注意问题： 1 疑问词who，what，which，when，where和how后加不定式构成一种特殊的不定式短语: When to start has not been decided. (主语) I dont know what to do我不知道该怎么办。(宾语) The difficulty was how to cross the river (表语),2 非谓语动词中的句型 1) It is + no use/ no good / a waste of time +doing sth. It is no use crying.哭没有用。 2)There is no need to do sth. 做某事没有必要 There is no need to copy the reading material. 3)在want, need, require等动词后,常用动名词的主动形式表示被动的意思，必须物作主语。例如： My hair needs cutting. (= My hair needs to be cut.),3.不定式可作独立成分。 to tell the truth / to be honest / to be frank 4.动名词的复合结构 I dont mind Toms/ Tom/his / him opening the window Toms /His coming late made his teacher angry.,Exercise 1).It remains _ whether Jim will be fit enough to play in the finals. seen B. to be seen C. seeing D. to see 2.) Please remain _ until the plane has come to a complete stop. 2007 山东卷 Ato seat Bto be seated Cseating Dseated 3） The last one _ pays the meal. Agreed! 2007 全国卷I A. arrived B. arrives C. to arrive D. arriving,4) The bridge _next year will not be very long. A. being built B. building C. built D. to be built 5) So far, she hasnt got a chair _. A to sit B sitting C. to sit in D. for sitting 6) Robert is indeed a wise man. Oh, yes. How often I have regretted _ his advice! 2007 安徽卷 A. to take B. taking C. not to take D. not taking,7) All the staff in our company are considering to the city centre for the fashion show. 2007 上海春 A to go B going C to have gone D having gone 8) The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle _.2007 浙江卷 A. to be heard B. to have heard C. hearing D. being heard 9) I object to _ like a child. A be treated B. treat C. being treated D. treating 10) He had no choice but _ A. obey B. obeying C. obeyed D. to obey.,11. As the light turned green, I stood for a moment, not _, and asked myself what I was going to do. 2007 湖南卷 A. moved B moving C. to move D. being moved 12. the safety of gas, the government has checked the citys gas supply system thoroughly. 2007 上海春 ATo ensure BEnsuring CHaving ensured. DTo have ensured 13. When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there _ for a space flight. 2007 江西卷 A. training B. being trained C. to have trained D. to be trained,14. _ by a greater demand of vegetables, farmers have built more green houses. 2007 浙江卷 Driven B. Being driven C. To drive D. Having driven 15. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _ for the day. 2007 重庆卷 finishing B. finished C. had finished D. were finished 16._ many times, but he still couldnt understand it. Though he had been told B Having been told C Having told D. He had been told 17. The flowers his friend gave him will die unless _ every day. 2007 四川卷 watered B. watering C. water D. to