公开课——语法填空解题技巧.ppt

语法填空解题技巧,江西省会昌中学 杨俊,阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 Are you facing a situation that looks impossible to fix? In 1969,the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River Cleveland, Ohio. It _61_（be）unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up. The river was so polluted that it _62_(actual)caught fire and burned. Now, years later, this river is one of _63_most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup. But the river wasnt changed in a few days _64_ even a few months. It took years of work _65_ (reduce ) the industrial pollution and clean the water. Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is_66_(clean) than ever.,was,actually,the,or,to reduce,cleaner,Maybe you are facing an impossible situation. Maybe you leave a habit _67_is driving your family crazy. Possibly you drink too much or dont know how to control your credit card use. When you face such an impossible situation ,dont you want a quick fix and something to change immediately? While there are _68_(amaze) stories of instant transformation, for most of us the _69_(change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. Just be _70_ (patience),That/which,amazing,changes,Patient,语法填空,语法填空又称为开放式语篇填空，这一题型的测试是根据德国心理学家的格式塔心理学原理和英语语言学家布朗的语篇分析理论等，从语法的句子结构与语法形式、词汇的本义和转义以及前后缀的变化、语境语篇的线索以及标志词等方面测试学生的整体语篇能力。这种命题形式将过去以句子为核心的语法单项选择变成以语篇为核心的语法填空。这一转变体现了新课改由语法知识到语法技能的语法教学观念的转变以及当今高考英语改革的趋势：突出语篇，强调在语篇中测试学生的英语语言知识和技能。2007年高考广东卷率先使用该命题形式，各个省区相继采取这种方式。2014年2月份国家考试中心公布的考试说明宣布从2014年开始，课标高考全国卷也将以语法填空替代使用了几十年之久的单项选择。,命题特点,1. 考查篇章理解。 语法填空是以短文为载体，难度适中.字数约为200，留出10处空白，每空1.5分，总分15分。 2. 填词分两种类型。 (1) 用括号中所给词填空包括动词的时态、语态、非谓语动词，形容词和副词的比较等级，名词的单复数，所有格以及词类或词义的转换等。 (2) 纯空格填词空后没给词，要求考生根据文意、上下连贯性和行文逻辑，填入一个恰当的词，包括代词、介词、限定词 (冠词、物主代词、指示代词等)、连词、时间及地点副词等。 3.考查材料形式 一般为短文体和对话体,解题技巧,技巧一：名词形式变化。名词的形式变化主要有单数、复数、所有格的变化。此外，还要注意与其他词类的转变。 例1：There are many students living at school，because the_(child)houses are all far from schoo1 例2：The people in the small town knew that _ (honest) is the best policy.,childrens,用括号中所给词填空,(1),honesty,技巧二：动词形式变化,首先，判断所填的是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。然后，根据以下两点进行分析。 若句子没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需要填的动词与之是并列关系时，要填的是谓语动词，这时注意时态，语态。 例1：When I die, I _(give )everything to you. 例2：He went out,_(buy) some wine and came back. 例3：Three people _(take) to the hospital, while others were treated in the local clinic(诊所)。,will give,bought,were taken,若句中有位于动词，有不是并列谓语时，这时所给的动词就是非谓语动词了。主要形式有V-ing ;V- ed以及动词不定式。 例1：As is known to us,_(smoke) is bad for health. 例2：_(complete) the project as planned, we will have to work two more hours a day. 例3： Wine _(make ) in Australia is of high quality. 例4：He saw the stone,_(say) to himself:“The night will be very dark.,smoking,To complete,made,saying,技巧三：括号中所给词若是形容词或副词，有可能考查其比较级和最高级。或是形容词余副词之间的转变。 1.The other frog went on jumping as hard as he could he jumped even _(hard) and nearly made himself out. 2.Dont think it is _(good)to be fat than to be un healthy? 3._(lucky), they escaped in the end.,harder,better,luckily,技巧四：词类转换题的解题技巧 这类题主要是考查名词，形容词和副词。根据该词在句中 所做成分确定用哪种形式。具体技巧有三种； （1）作表语（在系动词之后），定语（修饰名词）或 宾补（表性质状态），用形容词 1.The youngsters immediately felt_(silence) as tears flew down from his big blue eyes. 2.In a _(danger) part of the sea off the coast of New Zealand, they Learned 3.Mr li tried to make his students _(interest) in his Lesson.,silent,dangerous,interested,(2)修饰动词，形容词，副词或整个句子，做状语用副词。 1.There must be something _(serious) wrong with our society. 2.As I look _(close) at the girl , I found that,(3)词的派生。词的派生现象在英语单词中是很常见的，派生现象主要发生在名词、动词、形容词、副词四种词中。这种题型还有可能检测学生对词根、前后缀、派生词的掌握。如：前缀in-;im- ; un-,后缀less Eg.1.Your mistake caused a lot of _ (necessary)work in the office. 2.His _(care) led to the accident.,seriously,closely,unnecessary,carelessness,解题技巧,(2),-纯空格题的解题技巧,主要填的是：代词、介词、限定词 (冠词、物主代词、指示代词等)、连词,技巧一：代词。 当句子缺少主语或宾语时，用代词。 Eg. He asked his teacher:“Sir, the water is dirty. Why Do you pretended to like_? You cant imagine how difficult _ was to live on the deserted island.,it,it,技巧二：限定词。名词前面没有限定词（冠词， 形容词性物主代词，不定代词），很可能是 填限定词。 1.He found a spring of clean water. _ water was sweet. 2.After the student left ,the teacher let _ student taste the water.,The,another,技巧三：填冠词。主要是定冠词和不定冠词,1.We work five days _week.,2.The first island is _biggest of the three.,a,the,3.I think it really _ honor for me to speak here.,4.Dont lose heart. Please have _ second try.,a,an,技巧四：填介词。 考查介词的基本用法和固定搭配,1.They lay down _the shade of a tree,2.I really cant express my idea _English freely in-deed,3.The house next to mine was _fire,under,in,on,4. We are looking forward _your reply.,to,5.My younger sister prefers music _ sports.,to,技巧五：若两个句子之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号 一定填并列连词（连接并列的句子如and,or,but,while） 或从属连词（连接定语从句，状语从句或名词性从句）,2.Those_want to go to the village must sign here,or,who,when,4.You must speak louder _ you can be heard by all,so that /in order that,1.Follow the doctors advice, _ your cough will be worse.,3.I was about to jump into the river _ the guide stopped me,语法填空解体步骤- 通读全文， 理解语篇 边读边填， 先易后难 验证复查， 清除难点,Lets have a try,Many people like to read the (31) _（late）newspapers. But (32) _ is it produced so quickly? The most important man may be the chief editor. He decides (33) _ to do. Every morning the (34)_ (journal) are sent to cover the events. Sometimes they need a face-to-face interview with people (35) _ do telephone interviews. Meanwhile, the picture editor sends (36) _ (photograph) to take the pictures they need.,latest,how,what,journalists,or,photographers,Passage A,Later in the day, they pass the stories and the (37)_ (develop) photos to the editor. Then the chief editor will choose the most important news for the front page. (38)_ editors read the stories, make some necessary changes and write headlines for them. (39)_ the newspaper is printed and (40)_（deliver）to different places.,developed,Other,Finally,delivered,Passage B,Mum: (putting on her coat) I am going to go down to the shop for more bread. Alan: Why? Mum: I am not sure what _1_ (happen). I made some sandwiches earlier and left them on the table 2_I went to answer the phone. But someone must have taken