新视野大学英语第四册unit5new.ppt

Unit 5 Choose to Be Alone on Purpose,Objective: 1. Pre-reading Activity 2. While-reading Activity 3. Post-reading Activity,Lead-in Activity,Discuss the following questions: 1. Do you always enjoy isolation?,Background information,1. Henry David Thoreau (18171862) was an US thinker, essayist, and naturalist. Thoreau graduated from Harvard University and taught school for several years before leaving his job to become a poet of nature. In the years 18451847, to demonstrate how satisfying a simple life could be, he lived in a hut beside Concords Walden Pond; essays recording his daily life were assembled for his masterwork, Walden, or Life in the Woods (1854). His A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers (1849) was the only other book he published in his lifetime. In later years his interest in Transcendentalism waned, and he became a dedicated abolitionist. His many nature writings and records of his wanderings in Canada, Maine, and Cape Cod display the mind of a keen naturalist.,2. John Milton (16081674) was an English poet and pamphleteer. Milton attended the University of Cambridge (16251632), where he wrote poems in Latin, Italian, and English. In 16321639 he engaged in private study and toured Europe, spending most of his time in Italy. His best-known prose is in the pamphlets Areopagitica (1644) and Of Education (1644). He also wrote tracts on divorce and against the monarchy and the Church of England. His Paradise Lost (1667, 1674), considered the greatest epic poem in English, uses blank verse and reworks Classical epic conventions to recount the Fall of Man; Miltons characterization of Satan has been widely admired. Paradise Regained (1671) is a shorter epic in which Christ overcomes Satan the tempter, and Samson Agonistes (1671) is a dramatic poem in which the Old Testament figure conquers self-pity and despair to become Gods champion. Considered the greatest English poet after William Shakespeare, Milton had wide influence on later literature.,3. William Wordsworth (17701850) was an English poet. Wordsworths contributions include many lyrics controversial for their common, everyday language. Around 1798 he began writing an autobiographical poem that would absorb him intermittently for the next 40 years, The Prelude (1850). His second verse collection, Poems, in Two Volumes (1807), includes many of the rest of his finest works, including Ode: Intimations of Immortality. His poetry is perhaps most original in its vision of the almost divine power of the creative imagination reforming the links between man and man, between humankind and the natural world. In 1843 he became Englands Poet Laureate. He is regarded as the central figure in the initiation of English Romanticism.,2. While-reading Activity,Words and Phrases,Language Points,1.Here we are, all by ourselves, all 22 million of us by recent count, alone in our rooms(Para.1) Meaning: We are here, living all alone. According to recent statistic, up to 22 million of us are living alone in our room,by count: by calculating the number of units in a group e.g. By our count thats the fifth cake youve eaten. 我们数了一下， 这是你吃的第五块蛋糕了 By my count there are 270 people present. 我统计了一下有270人出席。,2. Loneliness may be a sort of national disease here, and its more embarrassing for us to admit than any other sin. (Para. 2) Meaning: Loneliness may be a kind of typical American illness and Americans feel more embarrassed to admit this than any other problem. Note: Here the word “disease“ is used figuratively, meaning something unpleasant, usually one that a group of people have.,3 . On the other hand, to be alone on purpose, having rejected company rather than been cast out by it, is one characteristic of an American hero. (Para. 2) Meaning: On the other hand, the deliberate choice of solitude by refusing companions instead of being excluded by others is one special quality of an American hero.,on the other hand: used to show the other side of an argument e.g. On the other hand, your proposal might make matters even worse. 另一方面，你的建议可能会使事情更糟。,on purpose not by accident; deliberately 故意，特意 e.g. She did it on purpose, of course. 她当然是故意那样做的。 e.g. If you joke with him, hell think youre insulting him on purpose. 如果你和他开玩笑，他会认为你在故意羞辱他。,cast out make sb. leave a place, or refuse to accept sb. as part of a group 赶走，驱逐 e.g. He was cast out of the upper society. 他为上流社会所摈弃。 e.g. He claimed to have the power to cast out demons. 他声称有能力驱鬼。,4. The solitary hunter or explorer needs no one as they venture out among the deer and wolves to tame the great wild areas. (Para.2),solitary a. tending to spend a lot of time alone 独自的；喜欢独处的 e.g. A solitary tree remained standing after the hurricane. 飓风过后，惟有一棵树孤独地挺立在那儿。 solitude n.U the situation of being alone 独居，孤独 e.g. He enjoys the solitude of his own flat. 他喜欢在自己的公寓套间里独居。,Venture out: risk going somewhere that might be dangerous or unpleasant 探险 e.g. They ventured out on the thin ice and fell through. 他们冒险踏上薄冰，结果掉进了水里。 e.g. Id rather not venture out in pouring rain if I dont have to! 如果不是非出去不可，我可不愿意冒着倾盆大雨出去。,tame vt. make sb. or sth. easy to control 驯服；控制 e.g. He tamed the wild horse. 他驯服了那匹野马。 a. (esp. of animals) not afraid of people, and used to living with them （尤指动物）温顺的，驯化的 e.g. The birds in the park are quite tame and will take food from your hand. 公园的鸟很温顺，它们会吃你亲手喂给它们的食物。,5. Thoreau, alone in his cabin on the pond, his back deliberately turned to the town. Now, thats character for you. (Para. 2) Meaning: Thoreau stayed alone in his cabin on the pond, intentionally rejecting life with others in the town. Now, this is the lifestyle for you.,pond n. C a small still body of water formed naturally or created artificially 池塘 e.g. She has a pond at the bottom of her garden. 她在花园深处有个池塘。 e.g. She chose a bench beside the fish pond and sat down. 她在鱼塘旁挑了个长椅，坐了下来。,6. Inspiration in solitude is a major commodity for poets and philosophers. Theyre all for it. (Para. 3) Meaning: Inspiration in solitude is something useful for poets and philosophers. They are all in favor of it.,inspiration n.C, U a sudden good idea about what to do or say 灵感 激励 e.g. Wordsworth found (his) inspiration in the Lake District. 华兹华斯从湖区获得灵感。 e.g. His hard work is a constant inspiration to us all. 他刻苦工作的态度不断地激励着我们每个人。,commodity 1. C sth. that is useful or necessary 有用的东西；必需品 e.g. Time is the most valuable commodity that we possess. 时间是我们拥有的最有价值的东西。 2. C a substance or product that can be bought or sold 商品，货物 e.g. Trading in commodities was brisk. 商品交易兴旺. the commodity/commodities market 商品市场.,be for: support; be in favor of e.g. Im for the chairmans plan. 我赞成主席的计划。 I am all for sexual equality. 我完全拥护男女平等。,7. They all speak highly of themselves for seeking it out. (Para. 3) Meaning: They all have a high opinion of themselves for discovering inspiration in solitude.,speak highly of express a good opinion of sb. or sth. 对.给予高度评价；赞扬 e.g. The students speak highly of their history teacher. 学生对历史老师评价很高。,Compare: Speak ill/well of: express a bad/good opinion of someone or something e.g. Ensure they speak well of us to their friend. 要保证他们对自己的朋友们说我们的好话。 He spoke ill of me to his friends. 他对他的朋友们说我们坏话。,seek out find sb. or sth. by looking for them in a determined way 找到；找出 e.g. He managed to seek out his friend in the crowd. 他设法在人群中找出了自己的朋友。 e.g. It took me several weeks to seek out the information that I wanted. 我花了好几个星期才找到我要的资料。,8. and waving as he sets forth into the early spring sunlight to look at flowers all by himself.(Para.4) Meaning: and waving him goodbye as he steps into the early spring sunlight to enjoy flowers all by himself.,set forth start a journey 出发，动身 e.g. Columbus set forth with three small ships. 哥伦布率领三只小船出发了。 e.g. Its getting latetime to set forth. 时间不早了该出发了。,9. Look at Miltons daughters arranging his cushions and blankets before they silently creep away, so he can create poetry.(Para6),creep vi. move slowly and quietly 潜行；蹑手蹑脚地移动 e.g. She turned off the light and crept through the door. 她关了灯，蹑手蹑脚地走过了门。 e.g. They creep away in order not to wake the baby. 为了不弄醒婴儿，他们蹑手蹑脚地走开了。,10. Then, rather than trouble to put it in his own handwriting, he calls the girls to come back and write it down while he dictates.(Para.6) Meaning: Then, instead of writing it down himself, he asks the girls to come back and he speaks it aloud to them so that they can write it down.,dictate v.1. say sth. for sb. else to write down 口授；口述 e.g. He dictated a letter to his secretary. 他向秘书口述了一封信。 e.g. The teacher dictated a passage to the class. 老师让班上学生听写一篇文章。 2. tell sb. exactly what to do or how to behave 命令；指使 e.g. They are in no position to dictate me. 他们没有资格对我们发号施令。,11. The American high priest of solitude was Thoreau. (Para. 8) Meaning: The American representative figure of the solitary way of life is Thoreau. Note: A “high priest“ is a person who has a leadership position in a certain field.,12. Listen to him: “I never found the companion that was so companionable as solitude.“ (Para. 9) Meaning: Listen to what he says: “Solitude can be as pleasant to be with as a companion.“,13. Perhaps theres a message here: The larger the ego, the less the need for other egos around. The more modest and humble we feel, the more we suffer from solitude, feeling ourselves inadequate company. (Para. 10) Meaning: Perhaps here the most important idea is: If a person has a strong self-awareness, he is less likely to need others. On the contrary, if we are not very positive about ourselves, we may find the state of being alone unbearable and may be uncomfortable living by ourselves.,humble a.1. having a modest opinion of oneself 谦逊的，谦虚的 e.g. He strikes me as a very humble person. 他的谦虚给我留下了深刻的印象。 2. having a low social class or position 地位或身份低下的 e.g. He held a humble position. 他职位低下。,inadequate a. not enough or not good enough for a particular purpose 不充分的；不足的 e.g. inadequate supplies 短缺的供应品 e.g. The system is inadequate for the tasks it has to perform. 这个系统还不完善，没法进行这个工作。,14. While the others are absent you can stretch out your soul until it fills up the whole room, and use your freedom, coming and going as you please without apology, staying up late to read, soaking in the bath, eating a whole pint of ice cream at one sitting, moving at your own pace. (Para.11) Meaning: While the others are away, you can relax and enjoy your freedom fully. You may come and go at will without worrying that it may bother others, or you can read late into the night, or enjoy the pleasure of bathing, or eat up a whole pint of ice cream at one time, or move at your own pace.,stretch out 1. lengthen sth. by pulling 拉长，伸长 e.g. She stretched out the rubber band to one meter long. 她把橡皮筋拉长到1米。 2. lie down, usu. in order to relax or sleep 躺平；舒展 e.g. He stretched out on the grass. 他平躺在草地上。,stay up: not go to bed e.g. He asked his son not to stay up late. 他要儿子不要熬夜。 We stayed up late to watch TV. 我们看电视看到很晚才睡。,at/in one sitting: during one continuous period when a person is sitting and doing something e.g. I enjoyed the book so much that I read it all at one sitting. 我真喜欢这本书，一口气把它读完了。 Jeff ate a whole bag of potato chips in one sitting. 杰夫一口气把一袋薯片吃完了。,at ones own pace: at the speed that fits oneself e.g.We encourage all students to work at their own pace. 我们鼓励所有的学生按自己的进度 学习。 He prefers to work at his own pace. 他更喜欢按照自己的节奏工作。,15. Those absent will be back. Their waterproof winter coats are in the closet and the dog keeps watching for them at the window.(Para.11) Meaning: Those who are staying away from you temporarily will be back. They have their winter coats kept in the closet and even the dog keeps watching at the window for their coming back.,Note that “-proof” is a suffix used with some nouns for describing something that will provide protection against the damaging effect of something else. For example: bulletproof 防弹的 soundproof 隔音的,16. Its the daily succession of small complaints and observations and opinions that backs up and chokes us. (Para. 12) Meaning: Its the daily series of complaints and observations and views that overwhelm us and make us feel uneasy.,observation n. 1. C a spoken or written remark about sth. you have noticed 评论 e.g. I wish to make a few general observations about your work so far. 对你们到目前为止的工作我想说一说总的看法。 2. C, U the process of watching sb. or sth. carefully for a period of time 观察；注意 e.g. He left by the back door to escape observation. 他从后门离去，避开了别人的注意。,back up 1. (cause to) block up （使）积压；（使）拥塞 e.g. Many vehicles were backed up at the crossroads because of the accident. 由于事故，很多车辆被堵在十字路口。 2. support sb., esp. in an argument 支持 e.g. Harry will back me up wholeheartedly as he used to. 哈里会像过去一样全心全意地支持我。,choke v.1. become unable to speak because of a strong emotion 说不出话来 e.g. She was choked with anger. 她气得说不出话来。 2. be unable to breathe properly, or be made unable to breathe properly （使）窒息；（使）呼吸困难 e.g. The smoke almost choked the fireman. 消防队员被烟熏得几乎透不过气来。,17. Scientific surveys show that we who live alone talk at length to ourselves and our pets and the television. (Para.13),at length: 1. for a long time and in great detail 长久 地；详尽地 e.g. He talked at length about his work and family. 他详细地谈了他的工作和家庭。 e.g. We have already discussed this matter at length. 我们已详细讨论过这件事了。 2. after a long time 最终，终于 e.g. “Im still not sure,” he said at length. “我还是不肯定，” 他终于说。 e.g. At length my father went into the house. 我父亲终于走进了那屋子。,18. Its good for us, and a lot less embarrassing than the woman in front of us in line at the market whos telling the cashier that her niece Melissa may be coming to visit on Saturday, and Melissa is very fond of hot chocolate, which is why she bought the powdered hot chocolate mix, though she never drinks it herself. (Para.13),in line in a row of people standing one behind the other while waiting for sth. （排）成一行，（排）成一队 e.g. You are not in line with the others. 你没有和别人排成一行。 e.g. The children stood in line. 孩子们站成一队。,settle down become quiet and calm or make sb. do this （使）安定下来 e.g. He settled down to do his homework. 他安下心来做家庭作业。 e.g. When are you going to get married and settle down? 你打算什么时候成家，安定下来？,20. After all, here we are. It may not be where we expected to be, but for the time being we might as well call it home. Anyway, there is no place like home. (Para. 16) Meaning: We may not be content with the condition we are now in, but at present there is no harm in calling the place where we now live home.,After all: in spite of what has been said, done or expected e.g. The kid, after all, was his own flesh and blood. He deserved a second chance. 这小孩毕竟是他自己的亲骨肉，他应该得到第二次机会。 e.g. After all, I was not yet 22 and there was a lot more of life yet to come. 毕竟我还不到22岁，生活的道路还长着呢。,for the time being for a short period of time from now, but not permanently 暂时，眼下 e.g. All is well, for the time being. 眼下一切顺利。 e.g. He wanted to st