《如何写好四级作文》PPT课件.ppt

如何写好四级作文,四级作文的命题特点,体裁以议论文居多，应用文的比例增加，如：2007年6月的考题，形式是欢迎词，而其中内容是要说明加入该社团的主要活动、好处及加入方法等。 题材多是有关生活学习或某些常见的社会问题，基本不会涉及比较生僻的话题或是对考生来讲过于偏激的话题。 对于字数的要求基本控制在120字左右。近年来的判分原则是字数明显不够或过长都会酌情扣分。,四级作文最大的一个特点是给出提纲，而且多是命题作文，这有助于进行正确审题，避免偏离中心。,评分原则与标准,评分原则 1.Global Scoring(总体评分）和 Reward Scores(奖励分）。 2.从内容和语言两个方面对作文进行综合评判。要 考虑作文是否切题，是否充分表达思想，也要考虑是否用英语清楚而确切地表达了思想。,评分标准 百分制满分为2分、5分、8分、11分及14分。710分制作文最低分为29分，满分为71分。 2分-条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。 5分-基本切题。表达思想不清楚，连贯性差。有较多的严重语言错误。 8分-基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字也勉强连贯；语言错误相当多，其中有一些为严重错误。,11分-切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。 14分-切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性较好，基本上无语言错误或仅有个别小错。,百分制与710分制换算标准 15-71 14-67 13-63 12-60 11-57 10-54 9-51 8-48 7-45 6-42 5-39 4-37 3-35 2-33 1-31 0-29,应试技巧： 四六级考试越来越使模板无用武之地，阅卷老师在阅卷的过程中最多的是关注同学们的用词和句型的使用。 高分作文标志 1：四级120-150字； 2、是否长短句交叉； 3、用词是否恰当，准确，形象，尽量使用能够吸引阅卷老师眼球的闪光词； 4、关键词是否换用，切勿老用重复词；,下面给出写好一篇作文的注意事项： 1.适当用被动代替主动，这样能更客观的反映事实,句子开头不要总是用we / I (比如写结尾时不用we should pay attention to而用Attention should be paid to. ),2.善于使用插入语，比如说把副词、连接词等，作插入语放在中间，一般放在主语、动词或者助动词后，两边分别加上逗号。 如however / therefore /for example/I believe做插入语放在中间，一般放在动词，助动词后，两边分别加上逗号。 比如说：Other individuals, however, take the attitude that,3.一定要学会换词，换形象，具体的代替太宽泛的。(考试中一般不要出现good, bad , many, thing, think, people, opinion等等)比如上面例子中，applicable代替proper, approaches代替ways, implement代替carry out, sharpen ones competitive edge代替enhance ones competitiveness(提高某物竞争力),各部分万能套用公式,开头万能公式： 1.名人名言： A proverb says, “ You are only young once.” （适用于已记住的名言） It goes without saying that （适用于自编名言） 更多经典句型： As everyone knows, No one can deny that,2 开头万能公式二：数字统计 According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college students wanted to further their study after their graduation. 更多句型： A recent statistics shows that ,结尾万能公式一：如此结论 Obviously（此为过渡短语）, we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect for others. 更多过渡短语：to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus 更多句型： Thus, it can be concluded that, Therefore, we can find that,2 结尾万能公式二：如此建议 Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem. 更多句型： Accordingly, I recommend that some measures be taken. Consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be taken.,写作的“六项基本原则”：,一、 长 短 句原则 As a creature, I eat; as a man, I read. Although one action is to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite similar. 强烈建议：在文章第一段（开头）用一长一短，且先长后短；在文章主体部分，要先用一个短句解释主要意思，然后在阐述几个要点的时候采用先短后长的句群形式，定会让主体部分妙笔生辉！文章结尾一般用一长一短就可以了。,二、 主 题 句原则 一定要写一个主题句，放在文章的开头（保险型）或者结尾，让读者一目了然， To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully prepared before the exam（主题句）. Without sufficient preparation, you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly.,三、 一 二 三原则 1）first, second, third, last（不推荐，原因：俗） 2）firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally（不推荐，原因：俗） 3）the first, the second, the third, the last（不推荐，原因：俗） 4）in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, lastly,5）to begin with, then, furthermore, finally（强烈推荐） 6）to start with, next, in addition, finally（强烈推荐） 7）first and foremost, besides, last but not least（强烈推荐） 8）most important of all, moreover, finally 9）on the one hand, on the other hand（适用于两点的情况）,10）for one thing, for another thing（适用于两点的情况）,四、 短语优先原则 写作时，尤其是在考试时，如果使用短语，有两个好处：其一、用短语会使文章增加亮点，如果老师们看到你的文章太简单，看不到一个自己不认识的短语，必然会看你低一等。相反，如果发现亮点精彩的短语，那么你的文章定会得高分了。其二、关键时刻思维短路，只有凑字数，怎么办？用短语是一个办法！比如：,I cannot bear it.可以用短语表达：I cannot put up with it. I want it.可以用短语表达：I am looking forward to it. 这样字数明显增加，表达也更准确。,五、 多实少虚原则 原因很简单，写文章还是应该写一些实际的东西，不要空话连篇。这就要求一定要多用实词，少用虚词。我这里所说的虚词就是指那些比较大的词。比如我们说一个很好的时候，不应该之说nice这样空洞的词，应该使用一些诸如generous, humorous, interesting, smart, gentle, warm-hearted, hospital 之类的形象词。,走出房间，用词是：walk out of the room但是小偷走出房间应该说：slip out of the room 小姐走出房间应该说：sail out of the room 小孩走出房间应该说：dance out of the room 老人走出房间应该说：stagger out of the room 所以多用实词，少用虚词，文章将会大放异彩！,六、 多变句式原则 1）加法（串联） 都希望写下很长的句子，像个老外似的，可就是怕写错，怎么办，最保险的写长句的方法就是这些，可以在任何句子之间加and,但最好是前后的句子又先后关系或者并列关系。比如说：I enjoy music and he is fond of playing guitar. 如果是二者并列的，我们可以用一个超级句式： Not only the fur coat is soft, but it is also warm. 其它的短语可以用： besides, furthermore, likewise, moreover,2）转折（拐弯抹角） The car was quite old, yet it was in excellent condition. The coat was thin, but it was warm. 更多的短语： despite that, still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, despite, notwithstanding,3）因果（so, so, so） 其实这个词表示的是先后或因果关系！ The snow began to fall, so we went home. 更多短语： then, therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence, as a result, for this reason, so that,On College Studentss Job Hunting,第一段要求写大学生面临的严重的就业形式。 第二段要求写求职对大学生非常重要。 第三段要求写在校生如何应对严峻的就业压力。,Todays college students are very familiar with such terms as two-way selection,self-employment,etc.They are under great pressure of finding a satisfactory job. So many students swarm into job markets for potential employers. The concept of selling oneself rather than hiding oneself is well accepted by college students.,Hunting a job is not a small matter for any graduate. Instead, it is probably one of the most important decisions any graduate will make in his lifetime. After so many years of hard study, everyone wants to find a satisfactory job and has a good beginning in his career. Therefore, college students are very serious and cautious when that time comes. It is something that the society has taught them.,As the job market has the trend of becoming shrinking and the competition is becoming fiercer than ever before, it is a must for