教学物流英语第四章.ppt

2019/7/17,1,物流英语,Chapter Four Warehousing and Distribution Management,2019/7/17,2,4.1Introduction to Warehousing and Distribution Operation As one of the most important and time-cost parts of logistics process, warehousing an distribution operation may take 40%-50% of a companys of total logistics time. Therefore, reliable warehousing and distribution operation is one of the key points for reaching customer satisfaction in todays logistics management. Todays industrial magazines an other media tend to use the terms warehousing, distribution, storage, an material handling to describe relevant industry or profession.,2019/7/17,3,Functions of Warehousing and Distribution Operation. Warehouse is a storage place for products. Principle warehousing activities include receipt of product, storage, shipment, and order picking. Warehousing is defined as the function of storing a variety of product types SKUs（Stock-Keeping Units）that have a small or large quantity of storage units. Distribution is the function of moving various products from your vendors facility or your manufacturing workstation (where the product was manufactured) to your companys facility for,2019/7/17,4,storing the product, picking the product to your customer order requirements, and delivering the product to your customers facility or workstation in your manufacturing facility. WMS is the systems used in effectively managing warehousing business processes and direct warehousing activities, including receiving, put-away, packing, shipping, and inventory cycle counts. Also includes support of radio-frequency communications, allowing real-time data transfer between the system and warehousing personnel. They also maximize space and minimize material handling by automating put-away processes. The two major,2019/7/17,5,objectives of the warehousing and distribution are to improve profits and customer service. To achieve these objectives, your warehousing and distribution operations perform activities to maximize your storage (space or cube) utilization; maximize your warehousing equipment utilization; maximize your labor (employee) utilization; reduce your SKU handlings, maintain required SUK accessibility, and assure the designed SKU rotation or turns; minimize your companys operating expenses; and assure the protection of your companys assets.,2019/7/17,6,4.2 Purpose of Warehouse Facility Layout A warehouse of distribution facility layout benefit to your company is determined by its ability to satisfy your companys warehouse objectives. These objectives are to earn a profit and to satisfy your customers. Each warehouse philosophy proposes a warehouse facility layout that includes a material handling concept and equipment and locations for the storage-pick position areas. The main purpose is to provide the housing (shelter) for a companys requirements. These requirements include material handling system,2019/7/17,7,SKU pick and reserve positions to accommodate the projected inventory, and associated warehouse functions. Some purposes of the facility layout are to assure proper access to the SKUs; provide proper product flow and inventory rotation; assure the lowest possible operating cost and assure accurate and on schedule customer service. The facility size is defined by the square or cubic footage of the structure. To determine these dimensions, the facility available space is calculated by measuring the actual building or from a facility drawing with a scale to determine the building size.,2019/7/17,8,Your company warehouse layout objectives are established by your executive management team and usually include a request or requirement to: (1)maximize the space (cube) utilization or provide the maximum storage and pick positions within the building structure; (2) allow an efficient product flow the receiving area to the storage-pick areas and from the storage-pick areas to the assembly, packing, and shipping areas; (3) provide the maximum number of, and facilitate access to, SKU pick positions and proper inventory rotation; (4) reduce annual operating costs; (5) improve the,2019/7/17,9,key warehouse function and employee productivity: receiving, transportation, storage, order pick, packing, weighing and manifesting, shipping and returns; (6) maintain the corporate philosophy and direction; (7) protect the inventory and material handling system from damage, pilferage, and infestation; (8) provide for expansion; (9) provide the employees with a safe work environment; (10) and ensure that your operation satisfies your customers. Facility Layout Fundamentals Planning analysts follow numerous facility design,2019/7/17,10,fundamentals to design a warehouse or distribution facility. These fundamentals optimize the facility and minimize construction costs and include two steps: data collection and development of alternative layouts. The first step of a facility layout consists of the data collection process, data analysis, establishment of design-year parameters, and consideration of alternative material handling equipment and concepts. This step includes (1)identifying and listing existing material handling equipment and concepts;(2) measuring (width, height, and weight) and cataloging all SKUs as,2019/7/17,11,conveyable or non-conveyable or by classification such as packaging, toxic, or edible; classifying at each warehouse function, the SKU handling characteristics (per length, width, height, and weight measurements )as single items, carton, or pallet load; projecting SKU inventory levels (average and peak ) and at each warehouse function, the SKU volume levels (average and peak); and reviewing alternative material handling concepts (manual, mechanized, or automated for each warehouse function.),2019/7/17,12,Facility Layout Principles All the warehouse, distribution, and manufacturing facility layout design and presentation methods presented in the preceding sections have show main objectives: to show how your facility will look and to describe how your facility will operate. In the development of a facility layout, numerous warehouse and distribution facility layout principles influence the facility design and material handling equipment layout. (1)provide adequate aisles and aisle width in the key warehouse function areas. (2)Consider the product flow and volume through the reserve area, pick area, other functional,2019/7/17,13,areas.(3)Provide adequate SKU accumulation prior to each