技巧专题-阅读理解.ppt

阅读理解,高考技巧专题复习系列-,Sep. 2010,2010总体阅读量为1921词（不含标点及中文注 释），阅读速度大约为80词/分钟。比较近五年 的数据，全国卷1阅读理解部分的总体阅读量维 持在2000词左右，且呈逐年下降的趋势（2006 年阅读量为2130词，2009年为2078词）。 在2010考试中，五篇文章阅读量呈递增关系， 其中D和E两篇文章的阅读量超过了400词，要 做到足够的耐心和细心。值得注意的是，虽然 E篇的正文部分字数达到了363词，但题目字数 仅为106，降低做题难度，可以先读题，然后带 着问题有选择地阅读文章。,2010文章体裁与题材 A 应用文 旅游景点广告 B 新闻报道 学校教育 C 说明文 介绍一种鸟类 D 议论文 宠物对人类生活的影响 E 记叙文 “我”去马来西亚的火车旅行,2010年阅读理解考点分布,主旨：3 （59，63，67） 细节：12（56，57，58，60，61，64，66， 69，70，71，72，74） 推理：4 （62，65，68，75） 词汇：1 （73）,20道试题中，简单题10道，中档题6道， 难题4道，比例为5：3：2，在难度适当 的基础上具有一定的区分度。,2009年阅读理解考点分布,主旨：2（59，68） 细节：8（56，57，60，62，64，65，72，73） 推断：6（58，61，63，70，74，75） 深层理解：2（67，71） 词汇：2（66，69）,2010在词汇方面的考查力度与2009相比略有 加强。 复合词频繁出现是一个特点。比如，A篇 出现了highly-praised、 birthplace和 wheelchair，B篇出现了timecard、 paychecks、product-related和guidelines等。 语法方面，出现了一些长难句，比如D篇第一段 要了解并列、转折、因果等分句的特点以及从句 的划分。,Reading comprehension,1、细节理解题(questions of details) 2、词义猜测题(words in context) 3、推理判断题(questions of inference) 4、主旨归纳题(main idea),1. questions of details,细节理解题,一般针对某个特定细节而提出，通读短文后一般能直接找出答题依据。 推荐方法： 通读全文，领悟大意，理解文章结构层次及细节； 并选用排除法排除不符合原文细节的选项，剩下的就是要选择的最佳答案。,细节题 正确答案的特点：与原文情节表达手法不同，但所表达的意思相同。 干扰项的特点： 1. 是原文信息，但与题目要求不符； 2. 符合常识，但不符合原文内容； 3. 与原文情节极为相似，只是在程度上有些变动； 4. 选项中所提供的信息部分正确，部分错误； 5. 在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反。,2. Words in context,词义猜测题,从考查内容看，主要是猜测某个生词、熟词、短语或句子的意思以及猜测代词的指代。,解题技巧： 充分利用文中已知信息推测、判断词义。 根据因果关系、对比关系、定义、解释和复述来猜测词义。,1.Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word? 2.The word could best be replaced by 3.In the paragraph, the word means (refers to ) 4.According to the passage,probably means 5.The author uses the word to mean,Question forms:,Provide incentive. Tell your children the importance of saving. “For every dollar he or she agrees to save and invest rather than spend, you agree to add another dollar to the pot,” says Cathy Pareto, expert in money planning. （1分钟）,The underlined word “incentive” in this paragraph means _. honor B. praise C. excitement D. encouragement, Baker concludes that people do not have the ability to sense when theyre being stared at. If people doubt the outcome of his two experiments, said Baker, “I suggest they repeat the experiments and see for themselves.” （1分钟） They underlined word “outcome” in the last paragraph most probably means _. A. value B. result C. performance D. connection,阅读中常常会遇到一些由熟悉的单词派生、转化或合成的新词。掌握构词法对猜测词义很有帮助。, The house looked quite normal outside, but inside it was very exotic with fascinating objects on display. As he began putting them into his bag, a dog came into the room. It stopped when it saw Buster, then wagged its tail madly and went over to him, licking his outstretched hand. “Good boy,” Buster whispered. “What a great guard dog you are - trying to lick me to death.” （2分钟） Which of the definitions is closest in meaning to the word “exotic” in the third paragraph? A. Messy and untidy. B. Rich and expensive. C. Comfortable and calming D. Foreign and unusual.,对比是描述、说明事物的常用方式。对比的事物是互为相反的，因此可根据反义或对比关系从已知推出未知。,猜测句意 正确答案的特点： 1. 与原句含义相同，但表达手法不同； 2. 是原句意思的高度概括。 干扰项也有一些特点： 1. 干扰项往往是片面的，不能涵盖原句的全部意思； 2. 干扰项中的某个成分，如时间、地点等与原句存在出入； 3. 干扰项与原句意思完全不符。,We couldnt afford all the necessary medication for him, and because Dad was unable to work. I had no money for school supplies and often couldnt even buy food for dinner. I would sit in class feeling completely lost, the teachers words muffled as I tried to figure out how I was going to manage. （2006北京） What can we learn from the underlined sentence? A. Kerrel couldnt understand her teacher. B. Kerrel had special difficulty in hearing. C. Kerrel was too troubled to focus on the lesson. D. Kerrel was too tired to hear their teachers words.,3. questions of inference,推理判断题,1. We can infer(推断)from the passage that _ . 2.The story suggests(暗示)that _ . 3.We can conclude(得出结论)from the passage that _ . 4.Which of the following might / probably happened later ? 5.From the passage we can tell / learn _ . 6.The writer of the passage considers it _ . 7. Which of the following indicates / implies_?,Question forms:,Key point:意思要靠推断得出，而不是从原文照搬,Steps: 1. Study the questions & understand them. 2. Find out key words or sentences according to them & analyze them carefully. 3. Delete the impossible choices if necessary. 4. Judge the remaining choices & make a choice that you think is the best.,判断推理的题目中常含有infer、imply词汇等。 干扰项的特点： 1. 将文章中的已知信息作为干扰项； 2. 将不符合事实、逻辑的判断推理结果作为干扰项。,解题方法： 1. 判断推理要以文中事实为依据; 2. 不能将文中已经阐明的事实作自己的推断; 3. 杜绝仅凭个人的看法，主观臆断。,1. Did you ever hear a strange sound coming from the wall? Did it sound like a clock? If so, it may have been made by a beetle. Long ago people thought the ticking meant that someone was about to die. Thus the beetle is called “the deathwatch beetle.“ （1分钟） The sound of this beetle _. A. pleased people. B. surprised people. C. frightened people. D. excited people.,Practice:,2. It is said that people should take a lesson from the clock. The clock passes the time by keeping its hands busy. People who do what the clock does also pass the time by keeping their hands busy and not by sleeping the time away. （1.5分钟） You can tell that busy people_ A. act like clocks. B. sleep the time away. C. dont do what clocks do. D. dont have hands.,3. It is fun to turn over a big rock on the beach. Make sure you turn the rock back to the position it was in after you moved it. If you dont turn it back over, all the sea animals under it or clinging to（依附）the underside will die. （1.5分钟） You can tell that rocks _. A. hurt sea animals B. protect sea animals C. wont be found on beaches D. cant be found on beaches,揣摩作者态度、意图 正确答案的特点： 1. 是作者在原文中所表露的态度或意图的同义、近义句； 2. 是作者在原文中所表露的态度或意图的升华； 3. 是作者在原文中所表露的态度或意图的概括。,其干扰项的特点为： 1. 是作者在文章中所批驳的观点； 2. 是文章里所提到的某个细节，但并非作者的态度或意图； 3. 是文章中根本未提及的内容。,4. How to get the main idea?,主旨归纳题,Characteristics of this kind of questions:,1. 该观点是作者的观点（不是他人的观点，不是描写、说明，也不一定是事实）。,2. 该观点可能是作者提倡的，也可能是作者对他人观点的批驳。,3. 作者的观点只能有一个，其他的内容都起说明、论证作用。,4.主旨句具有归纳性、概括性、抽象性的特点。,5.常常结构复杂（命题者有意安排所致）。,Question forms:,The subject of the passage is _.,2.The main idea is _.,5.The title is _.,3.The passage mainly talks about _.,4.What topic is treated in this passage?,9.The point of the passage is that _.,8.Whats the topic of the first paragraph?,6.The best headline for the passage would be _.,7.Which title best gives the idea of the passage?,10.Whats the main point the writer is trying to make in the last paragraph?,Two types: main idea; topic / title,1 Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health. Experiments show that cigarette smoking can cause cancer. Besides the most serious and terrible disease(illness), cancer, cigarette smoking also can cause other health problems. For example, it can give one a “smokers cough”. Finally, studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catch colds. Whether you get an unimportant cold or terrible killer, cancer, smoking is harmful. Is it worth it? （1.5分钟）,Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health.,Practice：,2 Often no one looks more guilty than the innocent. On the other hand, nobody may look more innocent than a professi- -onal criminal. And the man who knows “everything” may really only be trying to hide his own weakness. So, it is foolish to try to judge a person only by his appearance. （1分钟）,So, it is foolish to try to judge a person only by his appearance,3 If you were planning to buy a television set, the following advertisement would certainly draw your attention: “Color TV. Only 79. Two days sale. Hu- -rry.” However, when you go to the store ready to buy. You may discover that they are sold out. But the shop assistant is quick to tell you that he has another model. A much better set which is “just right for you” It costs 395. This sales method is called “bait and switch”. Buyers are baited with a sales advertisement, and then they are switched to another more expensive one. Buying things on sale needs careful consideration of the goods and the reason for the sale. (2.5分钟) The paragraph could be entitled _. A. Buying A TV Set B. A Selling Method C. Buyer Beware D. TV On Sale,This sales method is called “bait and switch”.,(detail) (detail) (detail),诱售法,4 Tom studied four years at the University of Paris and decided to leave before his graduation. He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background.