《项目管理CHAP》PPT课件.ppt

Part,1,THE LIFE OF A PROJECT 项目生命周期,Part,1,Chapter 1 Project Management Concepts 第一章 项目管理概念,Learning Objectives 学习目标,Definition of a project and its attributes 项目的含义和特征 Key constraints within which a project must be managed 项目管理中的关键约束条件 How a project is “born” 项目是怎样产生的,Learning Objectives 学习目标,Life of a project 项目生命周期 Steps involved in the project management process 项目管理过程所包含的步骤 Benefits of project management 项目管理的益处,Project, Defined 项目定义,A project is an endeavor to accomplish a specific objective through a unique set of interrelated tasks and the effective utilization of resources. 项目就是以一套独特而相互联系的任务为前提，有效地利用资源，为实现一个特定的目标所做的努力。 A project is a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result. 项目是为提供某项独特产品、服务或成果所做的一次性努力,Attributes of a Project 项目特征,Has a well-defined objective 明确界定的目标 Composed of a series of interdependent tasks 完成一系列相互关联的任务 Utilizes various resources 运用各种资源,Attributes of a Project 项目特征,Has a specific time frame 具体的时间计划 Has a customer 有客户 Involves a degree of uncertainty 一定的不确定性,Examples of Projects 项目例子,Planning a wedding 策划一场婚礼 Designing and implementing a computer system 设计和实施一个计算机系统 Hosting a holiday party 主持一场节日庆典 Designing and producing a brochure 设计并制作说明书,Examples of Projects 项目例子,Executing an environmental clean-up of a contaminated site 对污染地区开展环境清洁工作 Holding a high school reunion 组织一次中学同学聚会 Performing a series of surgeries on an accident victim 给事故的受害者实施一系列外科手术,Constraints 制约因素,Scope 工作范围 Cost 成本 Schedule 进度计划 Customer satisfaction 客户满意度,FIGURE 1.1 Factors Constraining Project Success 项目成功的制约因素,Unforeseen Circumstances 无法预见的情况,Unforeseen circumstances may jeopardize achievement of the project objective. 无法预见的情况可能危及项目目标的完成 The challenge facing the project manager is to prevent, anticipate, and/or overcome such circumstances. 项目经理面临的挑战就是防止、预测和克服这些状况,The Project Life Cycle 项目生命周期,Projects are “born” when a need is identified by the customer. 客户的需求使项目诞生 Project life cycles vary in length, from a few weeks to several years. 项目生命周期的长度从几个星期到几年不等 Not all projects formally go through all four phases of the project life cycle. 并不是所有项目都必然经历项目生命周期的4个阶段,FIGURE 1.2 Project Life Cycle Effort 项目生命周期投入变化,Phases of the Project Life Cycle 1 项目生命周期的第一阶段,The first phase involves the identification of a need, problem, or opportunity. 第一阶段是识别需求，包括对需求、问题或机会的确认 The need and requirements are usually written by the customer into a document called a request for proposal (RFP). 具体要求通常由客户在需求建议书（RFP）中注明,The second phase is the development of a proposed solution to the need or problem. 第二阶段是提出解决方案 This phase results in the submission of a proposal. 这个阶段将会导致所有的承约商向客户提交建议书 The customer and the winning contractor negotiate and sign a contract (agreement). 客户和中标的承约商协商签定一份合同(协议),Phases of the Project Life Cycle 2 项目生命周期的第二阶段,Phases of the Project Life Cycle 3 项目生命周期的第三阶段,The third phase is performing the project. 第三阶段是执行解决方案 Different types of resources are utilized 利用不同类型的资源 Results in the accomplishment of the project objective 实现项目目标,Phases of the Project Life Cycle 4 项目生命周期的第四阶段,The final phase is terminating the project. 最后阶段是结束项目 Perform close-out activities 完成扫尾工作 Evaluate performance 评估项目绩效 Invite customer feedback 获取客户反馈意见,The Project Management Process 项目管理过程,The project management process means planning the work and then working the plan. 管理过程就是制定计划，然后按计划工作,The Project Management Process (Cont.) 项目管理过程,Clearly define the project objective. 清晰地定义项目目标 Divide and subdivide the project. 将项目工作范围一步步细分 Define the specific activities that need to be performed. 界定对应每一个工作包必须执行的具体的活动 Graphically portray the activities in a network diagram. 以网络图描绘活动,FIGURE 1.3 Work Breakdown Structure 工作分解结构,FIGURE 1.4 Network Diagram 网络图,The Project Management Process (Cont.) 项目管理过程,Make a time estimate. 做一下时间评估 Make a cost estimate. 为每项活动做成本估算 Calculate a project schedule and budget 计算项目进度计划及预算,FIGURE 1.5 Project Schedule Consumer Market Study Project 消费者市场调查项目进度,FIGURE 1.6 Cumulative Budgeted Cost Curve 累积预算成本曲线,Controlling Projects 监控项目进程,Establish a baseline plan. 建立一个基准计划 Monitor progress. 监控进程 Measure actual progress and compare it to planned progress. 及时地定期监测实际进程，并与计划进程相比较 Take corrective action if the project is behind schedule, overrunning the budget, or not meeting technical specifications. 如果实际进程与计划进程的比较显示出项目落后于计划、超出预算或是没有达到技术要求，就必须立即采取纠正措施，以使项目回复到正常轨道,Benefits of Project Management 项目管理的益处,Satisfied customers 拥有满意的客户 Additional business 获得新的生意 Expansion of career opportunities 拥有扩展职业的机会 Satisfaction of being on a winning team 在获胜的团队里工作很愉快 Improved knowledge and skills 扩展了知识，提高了技术 When projects are successful, everybody WINS 当项目成功时，每个人都成功了！,CASE STUDY #2 案例研究,E-COMMERCE FOR A SMALL SUPERMARKET 电子商务在一家小超市中的应用 What are the needs th