（江苏专用）2019年高中英语Unit1OthercountriesotherculturesSectionⅣGrammar.docx

Section Grammar & Writing定语从句一、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句意义描述主句所涉及的人或物的具体情况，是主句不可或缺的一部分，如果省去，主句意义不完整对主句所描述的人或物提供一些附加情况，起补充说明的作用，即使省去，主句意义依然完整形式一般紧跟先行词，主句和从句之间不用逗号分开主句和从句之间用逗号分开功能修饰先行词既可修饰先行词，也可修饰整个主句或主句的部分内容翻译常译为先行词的定语常译为另一个分句关系代词who, whom, whose, which that, aswho, whom, whose, which, as关系副词when, where, whywhen, where二、非限制性定语从句的注意事项1在非限制性定语从句中，只能用which而不用that引导，which指代先行词并在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，这是考试的重点和命题的热点。Her sister has become a lawyer, which she wanted to be.她姐姐成了一名律师，她过去就想当律师。(非限制性定语从句，关系词作表语)2引导词which既可以指前面的先行词，也可以指前面的整个句子。The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more people to keep it running，which meant spending tens of thousands of pounds.为了使影院经营下去，电影院的主人需要做很多的改进，雇用更多的人，这就意味着要花费上万英镑。(非限制性定语从句的关系词指的是前面整个句子)。考题印证111(2012江西高考)By 16：30 _was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold.AwhichBwhenCwhat Dthat解析：选A。句意：到16：30，结束营业的时间，几乎所有的画都卖出去了。所选项引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词16：30，并在从句中作主语，故用which。when在定语从句中作时间状语；what不能引导定语从句；that不能引导非限制性定语从句。12(2012陕西高考)It is the third time that she has won the race, _ has surprised us all.Athat BwhereCwhich Dwhat解析：选C。句意：这是她第三次赢得比赛，这让我们所有人都为之惊讶。所选项引导非限制性定语从句并在定语从句中作主语，故选C项。本题中定语从句的先行词是整个主句。that不能引导非限制性定语从句；where在定语从句中作地点状语；what不能引导定语从句。3as引导的非限制性定语从句，可放在主句前或主句后，有时还可插入主句中。which引导的非限制性定语从句若修饰前面的句子只能置于主句之后。As is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.情况常常如此，我们已经制订出了生产计划。(不能用which)点津非限制性定语从句置于句首时，不能用which引导，只能用as。当置于句末时，as和which都可用。as表示“正如，正像”，主句的内容含有普遍性；which引导的定语从句修饰的主句通常表示具体的情况。但是当非限制性定语从句含否定意义时，则只能用which引导。The weather turned out to be very good, which was more than we could expect.(从句意为“我们没有预料到”，含否定意义，这里不能用as代替which)考题印证221(2012安徽高考)A lot of language learning, _ has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period.Aas BitCwhich Dthis解析：选A。考查定语从句。句意：正如发现的那样，大量的语言学习是在出生后的第一年发生的，所以父母应当在那一时期多和孩子说话。分析句子结构可知，“_ has been discovered”为非限制性定语从句，又因空处指代“A lot of language learning is happening in the first year of life”整个句子，故用as。22(2012福建高考)The air quality in the city, _ is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.Athat BitCas Dwhat解析：选C。考查定语从句。句意：正如报道所描述的那样，这个城市的空气质量在过去的两个月中已得到改善。关系代词as引导一个非限制性定语从句，意为“正如，如同”。.用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空1She is very patient to the child, which her husband seldom is.2Professor Smith is coming soon who will give us a talk on how to learn English.3I referred to the house whose window faces the lake.4He is such a clever boy as everyone likes.5The days are gone when women were looked down upon.6They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other.7The reason why he was late for the meeting was that his car broke down halfway.8He is the student whose composition won the first prize.9Here is the English grammar book which will help improve your English.10The aunt who came to see us last week is my fathers younger sister.单项填空1The financial crisis today is much more serious in comparison to _ we faced many years ago.Athat whichBwhich whatCwhat which Dwhich that解析：选A。句意：今天的金融危机比我们许多年前遭遇的那场要严重得多。that the单数名词，此处相当于the financial crisis，并作定语从句的先行词，指示代词作先行词并且指“物”时，引导词用which。2Pointing to the house on _ roof grew lots of bush, the old man told me that was _ I would stay.Aits; what Bwhose; whatCwhose; where Dits; where解析：选C。句意：那位老人指着屋顶上长满灌木的房子对我说那就是我将要居住的房子。本题第一个空考查定语从句用法。先行词为the house，代入定语从句后为：lots of bush grew on the houses roof，由此可知先行词在定语从句中作roof的定语，故用关系代词whose；第二空考查表语从句用法，表语从句缺地点状语，故用where引导。3Whenever I met her, _ was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile.Awho BwhichCwhen Dthat解析：选B。句意：我经常遇见她，无论什么时候遇见她，她都用甜甜的微笑迎接我。which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面的句子。4The man pulled out a gold watch，_ were made of small diamonds.Athe hands of whom Bwhom the hands ofCwhich the hands of Dthe hands of which解析：选D。句意：那个人拽出一块金表，表的指针是用小钻石做成的。先行词为a gold watch，代入定语从句后为：The hands of the_gold_watch were made of small diamonds.由此可知关系代词应用which.5The story took place in the days before automobiles _ everyone used horses.Awhich BwhereCwhen Das解析：选C。句意：故事发生在当时还没有汽车的欧洲，那时人们都使用马。先行词为the days，关系词在从句中作状语，故选when。6All these activities can serve as a platform _ you might find the one you love.Awhich BthatCwhere Dwhen解析：选C。句意：所有这些活动都是一个平台，你可能会从中找到你所喜爱的那一项。where on which，引导定语从句修饰先行词platform，并在从句中作状语，将其带入后为：on the platform you might find .7“Youll have to wait for two hours, _ is, at about 11：30, _ the medical report will come out，” the doctor said to me.Athat; when Bwhich; thatCthat; which Dit; whose解析：选A。句意：医生对我说：“你得等两个小时，也就是11：30，那时医学报告将会出来。”第一个空：that is是插入语，意为：也就是；第二空：whenat which time，引导定语从句，修饰前面的时间11：30，带入从句为：at 11：30 the medical report .8These old pictures bring to their mind the college days _ they spent together, _ life was hard but happy.Awhen; whose Bwhich; whoseCwhich; when Dwhen; which解析：选C。句意：这些旧照片把他们的思绪带回了他们一起度过的大学时光，那时生活艰苦但愉快。此题考查the college days为先行词的两个定语从句。第一个空，which在从句中作spent的宾语；第二空，when在定语从句中作状语，将其带入后为：in the college days life was hard but happy。9Following the guide, we went into a house, _ wall hung a picture of Einstein.Aon its Bon thatCon whose Don which解析：选C。句意：跟着向导，我们进入了一所房子，房子的墙上挂着一幅爱因斯坦的照片。whose引导定语从句，相当于：on the houses wall hung a picture of Einstein。若空格前有and则选A，即：and on its wall hung picture .10As a teacher, I seldom give my students so difficult a problem _ they cannot work out.Athat BifCin order that Das解析：选D。句意：作为老师，我很少给我的学生难以解决的问题。先行词为so difficult a problem，代入定语从句后为：They cannot work out so difficult a problem。由此可见先行词在定语从句中作宾语。“so或such名词”作先行词，且先行词在宾语从句中作主语、宾语或表语时，需用as引导定语从句。11The beautiful views and the friendly people are _ new comers like San Francisco.Awhen BwhatCwhere Dwhy解析：选D。句意：美丽的风景、友善的人们是初来旧金山的人喜欢这个地方的原因。本题考查表语从句用法，why the reason why。12Mark was a student at this university from 1999 to 2003, _ he studied very hard and was made Chairman of the Students Union.Aduring which time Bfor which timeCduring whose time Dby that time解析：选A。本句which在定语从句中做定语，during which time表示在19992003年的这段时间。13Everyone has periods in their lives _ everything seems very hard.Awhen BwhereCwhich Dthat解析：选A。句意：每个人在一生中都有看似一切都不顺利的时期。when引导定语从句修饰先行词periods，将其带入定语从句为：in these periods (in which) everything seems very hard。14More wild tigers have been seen in the forest around this area, _ there used to be very few.Awhen BwhereCwhat Dwhich解析：选B。句意：在附近的森林中发现了更多的野生老虎，而在过去，这一地区老虎数量非常少。先行词是the forest，代入定语从句后为：There used to be very few (wild tigers) in the forest.由此可知先行词在定语从句中作状语，且表地点，故用关系副词where。15Put yourself in situations _ you will be forced to communicate in English, and you will see more progress over time.Awhen BthatCwhere Dhow解析：选C。句意：把自己置身于被迫用英语交流的环境中，过一段时间你会看到自己更大的进步。where in which引导定语从句，修饰先行词situations，将其带入定语从句为：In_the_situations,_you will be forced to communicate in English。关于旅行的英语短文假设你叫李华，今天参观了北京的两个景点：故宫和颐和园。根据下面表格，写一篇英语旅行日记。参观日期2012年9月26日天气晴朗参观地点故宫和颐和园参观活动1.早晨7：30从旅馆坐出租车，8：00到达故宫。2上午参观了故宫，欣赏到很多皇家建筑，了解了皇帝工作和生活的情况，丰富了中国历史方面的知识。3下午参观颐和园。看到许多湖泊和假山，欣赏了精美壁画。美丽的风景和浓郁的文化让你十分陶醉。4夕阳西下，恋恋不舍地离开。感想自拟参考词汇：the Forbidden City故宫manmade hills假山galleries壁画词数：150左右September 26,2012, MondayFineToday I paid a visit to two famous places of interest in Beijing the Forbidden City and the Summer Palace.I took a taxi in front of the hotel at 7：30 am and got to the Forbidden City half an hour later.I enjoyed many royal buildings in it.Besides, I learned how the emperors worked and lived in it.Whats more, I gained a better knowledge of the Chinese history.In the afternoon, I set off for the Summer Palace, which is considered to be the best protected royal park in our country.What impressed me most was many beautiful lakes and manmade hills in it.With the sun setting, I had to say goodbye to the Summer Palace and return to my hotel.I feel very proud of the beautiful scenery, brilliant culture and long history of our country.I am determined to do my best to make our country more beautiful and powerful.本文作者准确表述了自己一天中游览北京两个著名景点的经历。介绍了出发，参观情况和返回情况。合理运用了一般过去时，在描述客观事实和描写自己的感受时使用了一般现在时，符合旅行日记的时态特点。(1)在句式上使用了定语从句、名词性从句、with复合结构。(2)在短语的使用上也很广泛：pay a visit to; gain a better knowledge of; set off for; say goodbye to; do ones best to。(3)除此之外，本文还使用了一些过渡词，使得文章通顺、连贯。开门见山，介绍今天的活动；定语从句既可以连接两个要点，也可以用于学生的自由发挥；有感而发。本单元的写作项目与旅行日记有关。旅行日记是记录旅行过程，发表旅行感受的应用文，写作时应注意以下几点：1准确把握时态旅行日记的主要内容是以时间为顺序进行叙述，所以应以一般过去时为主。当然根据需要也可以在过去进行时、过去完成时乃至一般现在时之间准确切换。旅行日记的结尾通常是作者的感受，不受时间的影响，应当用一般现在时来表达。2选词要规范，提高语言的得体性在列举参观的内容时可以使用I enjoyed many ., such as .。在表达参观的收获时可以使用I learned ./I gained .等句型。3恰当使用过渡性词汇，增强叙述性文章的连贯性既要注意一天中