《情态动词讲解》PPT课件.ppt

谈谈情态动词-Modal Verbs,我们常见的英文动词有：及物动词-Transitive Verbs 不及物动词-Intransitive Verbs, 助动词-Auxiliary Verbs 联系动词-Link Verbs 和情态动词-Modal Verbs 还有其他的；非谓语动词：如动词不定式，动名词,情态动词和其他动词连用，可表示说话人的 语气或态度。 情态动词可表达建议，要求，可能和意愿等。 情态动词没有人称和数的变化。,情态动词集锦,Possibility: Ability: Requests: Necessity: Certainty: Permission: Suggestions: Advice:,can / could, may / might can / could, be able to,can / could, will / would, would like must, have to, have got to, need,must, will, should can / could, may / might could, may / might, shall should, ought to, had better,常见的情态动词有： can 能 may 可以 will，would （表意愿） need 需要 dare 敢 must 必须 have to 不得不 shall，should 应该（表义务） ought to 应该,情态动词的定义: 情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,表示说话人的情绪,态度或语气的动词,但不能单独作谓语, 只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。,can/may/must/need 问句的回答方式,疑问句式,肯定句式,否定答式,you may.,mustnt/may not.,you must,neednt/dont have to.,you must.,neednt/dont have to.,一. can和 could用于表示“可能”或“推测”，表示说话人能，可以，准许以及客观条件许可，could为can的过去式,1.1表能力，有“能”、“会”、“能够”的意思 例如：Can you drive a car? 你会开车吗？ -Yes, I can. 我会。 -No, I cant. 我不会。,1.2表允许，在口语中代替 may，有“可以”的意思 例如：Can I use your bike? 我可以用你的自行车吗？,1.3表示可能性，常用于否定句和疑问句 例如：Can it be true? 那会是真的吗？ Today is Sunday. He cant be at school. 今天是星期天。他不可能在学校里 1.4过去式could表示的语气更加委婉、客气 例如：Could I come to see you tomorrow? 明天我可以来见你吗？,1.5. can 与be able to be able to 虽然也可以译作“能”, 但更强调“能力” e.g., Will you be able to come? Im able to do the work all by myself. 两者的用法区别在于 can不能作不定式,而be able to 则能 e.g., He will _do the work better. A. Can B. be able to 答案为B can不用于完成时 e.g., They have been able to use the computer since they came here. can可用于将来时,但句中须有时间状语 e.g., You can use this machine next week. (can意为”可以”不表能力) 当然,不可以同时使用表示将来的助动词will或shall(be able to 可以),过去时比较 was/were able to 意含”经过努力” “凭借才能” 获得的”能力”常与”manage to ”相通 e.g., He started early, and he was able to arrived the earliest. They worked hard, so they were able to do more for the company. They were short of modern machines, but they were able to complete the project in time. could 可表示具备能延续长时间的能力 e.g., He could write beautiful prose when he was only 5. could 只表有能力，be able to 还可以表示结果 c.f., He could cure the old mans illness. (他能治好这老人的病) He was able to cure the old mans illness (他治好了这老人的病),将来时的比较 can表示”能力”时,只有具备两个条件时才可用于将来时,那就是 一, 句子中有时间状语 二, 句子主语只能是第一人称 e.g., I can do the work better next time. You can use this machine next week. （此句can表示“可以”，不表示“能力”）,can 和could表示“可能” “推测”,He cant be at home. (否定句) 他不可能在家。,Can the news be true? 这消息可能是真的吗？,Anybody can make a mistake. (只表示理论上的可能性) 任何人都可能犯错误。,4. At that time we thought the story could not be true. (表示过去的可能性) 那时我们认为所说的故事不可能是真的。,如果谈论过去某个时间 有能力且做到了某事， 用was/were able to 而不是could,Tom has started an exercise program. He was able to run two miles yesterday without stopping.,在否定句中，could与was/were able to 没有区别 Tom couldnt run (wasnt able to run) five miles yesterday.,5. An accident can happen if you do this. (表示事情肯定会发生) -如果你这样做，可能会发生以外。,二. may和 might 用于表示“事实上的可能性”或“预测”,1.It may rain tomorrow. (表示可能会发生) 明天可能会下雨。,2. It may snow later this afternoon. (表示预测) 今天下午可能会下雪。,3. You might be right. (表示有可能) 你也许是对的。,4. It is possible he may have called while we were out. ( 现在完成型may have called) 当我们出门时，他有可能会打电话来。,5. Sam might have taken the money , but it seems unlikely. (过去完成式型-might have taken) 钱也许会是Sam拿走的，但又不太像。,6. If you took some exercise, you might not be so fat.(might用于条件句) 要是你锻炼锻炼，可能不会这样胖。,shall和will的比较,1. If you _follow my advice, I _offer you some help. 2. _you meet him right now or _ he wait outside, sir?,will,shall,Will,shall,used to和 would的比较,1、would 主要表示过去一段时间内的某种习惯，常与表示过去的时间状语连用，意为“总要，总是” used to 主要表示过去存在但是现在已不再存在的习惯，意为“过去常常”。 On Sundays he _go to call on the old man when he was young. I _get up late, but now I have got used to getting up very early. Xiao Li _be a model worker. He is now a university student.,would,used to,used to,7. Electric irons could be dangerous; they might give you a severe shock. 电熨斗会有危险的，它可能使你受到严重的电击。,三. will和 would用于表示“预测”或“习惯性”,will, 用于构成 将来时是助动词。用于表示“意志”“决心”“请求”是情态动词。would亦同理。 e.g He will be here this afternoon. (助动词) Will you tell her that Im here. (情态动词),2. 用于各种人称，表示“意志”“决心”“允诺” e.g. I will try. 我愿意一试。,3 在疑问句中用于第二人称，提出请求或询问 例如：If you want help， let me know, will you? 如果你需要帮助，让我知道，好吗？ Will you type this, please? 请打印这个，好吗？ Wont you sit down? 请坐下，好吗？,4.would比will客气委婉 例如：Would you help us, please? 请您帮助我们，好吗？（表请求） Id go there with you. 我要和你一块到那儿去。（表意愿） Dad wouldnt allow it. 爸爸不会允许这件事。（表许可）,四. shall 和should的用法。,1. Each member shall wear a name card. (表示规定) 每一个会员必须配带名卡。,2. I should answer his letter as soon as possible. (表示应该) 我应该尽快给他回信。,3. You shouldnt judge a man always by the clothes. (shouldnt “不应该”含有劝告的意思) 你不应该总是以貌取人。,4. The rules shall take effect on Jan. 1st. (shall 用于规章等，表示义务和规定) 新规则于一月一日起生效。,5.Shall I turn on the light, Mom? 妈妈，我把灯打开好吗？（用于征求对方的意见，情态动词） I shall be there. 我会到那儿去的。（表“决心”，情态动词）,6.should用于构成将来时是助动词。should用于表示“应当”“猜测”是情态动词 例如：We thought we should never see you again. 我们以为再也见不到你了。（构成一般过去将来时，助动词） I should write some letters tonight.今晚我得写几封信。（表“应当”，情态动词） They should be there by now.他们现在可能到了。 （表“猜测”，情态动词）,五. must用于表示“必定”“必须”,1. must表示必须，否定回答时用neednt. mustnt表示不许可 e.g.1) Must I come tonight? -No, you neednt. 2) You mustntt smoke in the hospital.,2 .must用于肯定句，可以表示推测，翻译为：一定或想必。后面接动词的一般时，表示对现在的推测，接动词的完成式，表示对过去的推测。对过去的推测是考试的重点,1) She must live near here, for she comes to work on foot. 2)She was absent from class. There must have been something wrong with her.,3)The light was out. They must have gone to bed.,must用法的例子,This must be good for you. (must be 肯定) 这肯定对你是有益的。,2）All animals must die. (表示必然会发生的事情) 所有的人一定会死。,3） Mustnt there be a mistake? (mustnt多用于疑问句) 那肯定会有错误吗？,ought to & should,ought to “有责任、有义务做某事”,You ought to start the work at once. 你得立即开始工作。,should“劝告、建议”,You should start the work at once. 你应当立即开始工作。,ought to语气稍重一些,ought to/should “非常有可能”,It is Saturday afternoon. They ought to/should be back home.,六. ought to 用于表示“想必会” 语气比must弱,They ought to be there by now. 他们想必已经到那儿了。,2. He ought to stop smoking. 他最好不要抽烟了。,He must be reading, isnt he? You must do it yourself, dont you? He must have gone over the article, hasnt he? It must have rained last night, didnt it?,表猜测语气的反意疑问句的构成,情态动词的用法：表示：“许可”“请求”,一. can和 could用于表示“许可”“请求”,Can I go with you? ( 请求) 我能跟你一起走吗？,2. Father said I could go to the cinema. (过去的许可) 爸爸说我可以去看电影。,3. Could I ask you something? (请求，用could比can更婉转) 我可以问你一件事情吗？,4. You can come in . (表示允许，常见于口语中) 你可以进来。,5. You cant smoke in the meeting room. (cant 表示“禁止”) 会议室里不准吸烟。,6. Cant you do it now? (表示反问) 你不能现在做吗？,二. will和would 表示“请求”,Will you kindly tell me the way to the post office? (表示客气请求) 请问邮局怎么走？,2. Would you give me your address? (用would比will更客气。) 请你告诉我你的地址，好吗？,情态动词+不定式完成式是历年高考的热点之一，可表示“推测”、“责备”、“怀疑”等多种意义。 1. must have done 2. may/might have done 3. cant couldnt jave done 4. should /ought to have done 5. shoulnt/oughtnt to have done 6. could have done 7.neednt have done 8. would rather have done,情态动词表示“推测”的用法。,1.情态动词表示“推测”的用法 情态动词表示“推测”时，要记住以下两种推测和形式 推测： 对过去发生动作或状态的推测； 对现在状态的推测。 两种形式：用情态动词加完成时态表示对过去发生动作或状态的推测； 用情态动词加动词原型表示对现在发生动作或状态的推测。 具体用法如下：,9.1 must have done表示过去一定做了什么，语气十分肯定 例如：You must have finished your work. 你一定完成了你的工作。 9.2 cant have done表示过去不可能做了什么，语气也比较肯定(是上面的否定形式) 例如：He cant have gone to Beijing, for I had a talk with him just now. 他不可能去过北京，因为我刚和他交谈过。 9.3 neednt have done表示过去没有必要做什么但已经做了。 例如：You neednt have come earlier. 你不需要来这么早的。 9.4 should have done过去该做什么但没有做。(含有责备的意思)。 例如：You should have started earlier.你本应该早点开始的。,9.5 shouldnt have done表示过去不该做什么但做了。(含有责备的意思) 例如：You shouldnt have helped him, he could do it himself.你本不该帮助他的，他能自己做。 9.6 ought to have done表示过去该做什么而没有做。(是职责和义务) 例如：You ought to have helped him. (but you didnt.)你应该帮助他的。 9.7 can/could do sth.表示对现在情况的猜测，常用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。 例如：This news cant be true. 这消息不可能是真的。 9.8 may/might do sth. 表示对现在情况的猜测，常用于肯定句中。 例如：Mr.Wang may know Professor Lis telephone number.王先生也许知道李教授的电话号码。,Dear John, Thank you for your letter. I dont think I _ give you any advice. I dont think the manager _ trust you. It sounds as if he has decided that you _ be the thief. Do you have to continue working at this company? Maybe you _ find another job where the people are more friendly. I think that you _ enjoy that more.,Fill in the blanks with the proper modal verbs. will would can could must should may might,can,will,must,should / can,may / might / will,If you stay at the meat factory, you _ not be able to be happy. Besides, if you stay, the thief _ do something bad to you. I dont think that _ be very pleasant. If he played a bad trick on you, the manage _ say you were the thief and call in the police. That _ have serious results. I think the best thing you _ do now is to look for another job and hope that it _ turn out better. Yours, Mary,will,may / will / might,will,might / would,may / will / might,can / should,will / would,1. The ground is rather wet, so it _have rained last night, didnt it? 2. Tom _have gone to Shanghai, but Im still not sure about it. 3. The ground is very dry, so it _have rained last night. 4. Someone must have broken into our bedroom. Who_have done it? 5. I really regretted wasting the hours when I _have studied hard, but it was too late.,must,may,cant,could,should,6.Your home is not far from your school, so you _have left in such a hurry then. 7. I _have come to help you with your English, but I was too busy at that time.,8. Im very sorry for the words I_ have said to you at that moment. 9. -I paid a visit to New York last month and we stayed at a nice hotel. -Oh,you _have stayed with Barbara.She is always willing to do you a favour.,shouldnt,could,neednt,would rather,He must be reading, isnt he? You must do it yourself, dont you? He must have gone over the article, hasnt he? It must have rained last night, didnt it?,3.表猜测语气的反意疑问句的构成,1.-When Can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon. -They _ be ready by 12:00. can B. should C. might D. need,2.-Could I call you by your first name? -Yes, you _. A. will B. could C. may D. might,3.The fire spread through the hotel very quickly, but everyone _ get out. A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to,4.Johnny, you _ play with the knife, you _ hurt yourself. wont; cant mustnt; may should; must cant; shouldnt,5. -There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well. -It _ a comfortable trip. cant be shouldnt be mustnt have been couldnt have been.,6. Its nearly seven oclock. Jack _ be here at any moment. must B. need C. should D. can,7.-Shall I tell John about it? -No, you _, Ive told him already. neednt wouldnt mustnt shouldnt,8.Peter _ come with us tonight, but he isnt very sure yet. A. must B. may C. can D. will,9.A computer _ think for itself, it must be told what to do. A. cant B. couldnt C. may not D. might not,10. Where is my pen? I _ it. A. might lose B. would have lost C. should have lost D. must have lost,11.-Shall we go skating or stay at home? -Which _ do yourself? A. do you rather B. would you rather C. will you rather D. should you rather,12.He _ you more help, even though he was very busy. A. might have given B. might give C. may have given D. may give,13.I thought you _ like something to read, so I have brought you some books. A. may B. might C. could D. must,14.The plant is dead. I _ it more water. A. will B. would have given C. must give D. should have given,15.-Will you stay for lunch? -Sorry, _. My brother is coming to see me. A. I mustnt B. I cant C. I neednt D. I wont,16.-May I go there before lunch? -No, _. A. you mustnt B. you may not C. youd better not D. all the above,17.-_ we go out for a walk? -Good idea. What time shall we meet? A.Shall B. Let C. Will D. Must,全国高考试题回放,1.A leftluggage office is a place where bags _be left for a short time, especially at a railway station. A.should B.can C.must D.will,2.How _ you say that you really understand the whole story if you have covered only part of the article? A.can B.must C.need D.may,3.The room is so dirty._ we clean it? -Of course. A.Will B.Shall C.Would D.Do,B,A,B,4.My English-Chinese dictionary has disappeared. Who _ have taken it?A.should B.must C.could D.would,5.Is John coming by train? -He should, but he _ not. He likes driving his car.A.must B.can C.need D.may,6.I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter. -It _ true because there was little snow there. A.may not be B.wont be C.couldt be D.mustnt be,C,D,C,7.It has been announced that candidates _ remain in their seats until all the paper have been collected. A.can B.will C.may D.shall,8.I hear youve got a set of valuable Australian coins._ I have a look? -Yes, certainly. A.Do B.May C.Shall D.Should,9.Oh, Im feeling well in the stomach, I _ so much fried chicken jusf now. A.shouldnt eat B.mustnt have eaten C.shouldnt have eaten D.mustnt eat,D,B,C,10.I was really anxious about you. You _ home without a word. A.mustnt leave B.shouldnt have left C.couldnt have left D.neednt leave,11.You cant imagine that a well-behaved gentlemen _ be so rude to a lady. A.might B.need C.should D.would,12.Write to me when you get home. -_. A.I must B.I should C.I will D.I can,B,C,C,13.Mr.Bush is on time for everything. How _it be that he was late for the opening ceremony? A.can B.should C.may D.must,14.Are you coming to Jeffs party? -Im not sure. I _ go to the concert instead. A.must B.would C.should D.might,15.My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he _ your lecture. A.couldnt have attended B.neednt have attended C.mustnt have attended D.shou