2017高考英语作文专题辅导.ppt

书 面 表 达 之 赢取高分策略,高考作文高分卷的特点,根据高考最新考纲、书面表达的评分标准以及高考后的阅卷情况，可以看出书面表达高分卷应具备以下特点： 外在美：第一印象很重要！书写清楚，字母匀称，词、行间距适当，卷面整洁。 结构美：有合理的段落层次，多为3段式，条理清晰；每段有每段的主题。,词汇美：词汇反映你知识贮存量的多少，也是衡量英语水平的一个重要标志。likeBe fond of,be addicted to/ helpdo sb a favor 句式美：运用得当的高级句式结构可以给文章增色不少，从而使整篇文章因此而生辉 。 衔接美：使用恰当的连接词，对写一篇有“英语味”的文章很重要，能使文章上下衔接自然、条理清晰。,二、四步打造高分英语作文,Step1：确定文体 常用文体有记叙文、说明文，还有应用文如书信等。近几年的高考书面表达多以应用文为主，提供的形式多以图画、提纲、表格出现，书写的格式大都是书信、通知。所以，考生还应该掌握信的称呼、开头、正文、结尾、签名等方面，另外，口头通知和书面通知的不同要清楚。总之，考生应根据写作提示分析材料，确定文体，闯过第一关。,Step2：确定时态和人称 考生要根据选好的文体和写作内容确定时态。一般来说，记人叙事多用一般过去时；发布通知多用一般将来时和祈使句式；发表议论大多用带有情态动词的一般现在时；人物介绍、现状说明常用一般现在时和现在完成时。定准时态后接下来一定要知道各时态的构成及用法要点，但要记住，写作时时态并不惟一，要依据表达内容而选定。,Step3：确定所需主要词汇和所用表达结构 在以上“两确定”的基础上，应该根据文章体裁和内容逐个地确定写作要点。对于图画和图表可在草稿纸上用中文列出。理清要点，然后选词造句，对列出的要点逐一翻译。这时要注意力求语言准确得当。平时写作要多进行发散思维，如是用very sorry还是terribly sorry；是surprised还是astonished。同时考生应学会尽可能使用较高级的语法结构和词汇，如非谓语动词、复合句等。最大限度地完美文章。,Step4：整理成篇行文连贯 接下来要根据内容分清文章的层次，确定详略，将写好的单句要重新排列组合起来，使之前后连贯成一篇完整的文章。同时选用恰当的关联词使文章过渡自然，行文流畅。另外，根据内容编排，该分段时要分段，使表达清楚，一目了然。行云流水，整齐划一，闯过写作第四关。,三段式作文法,重点诠释： 所谓三段式就是将一篇书面表达按三段的写作模式谋篇布局。就整体篇章结构而言，如何把握较大的写作空间，三段式的写作模式为最佳选择。三段式的模式写法通常为： 1第一段开门见山，提出要解决的问题或观点，或者把时间，地点，人物和主要事件及时点出。 2第二段要摆出事实或提出论据，或者把事情发展的经过详细写出来。 3最后一段，得出结论或理由。, 注意：要学会使用过渡词。过渡词犹如“桥梁”和“粘合剂 ”。恰当地使用过渡词可避免结构松散，层次分明，表意不清等弊端，使文章条理清楚，文字连贯流畅。, 常用的过渡词有： 递进型： also, (and)besides, whats more, moreover, furthermore, in addition, even, whats worse, worse still, to make matters worse, for the worse, not onlybut also等； 解释型：that is (to say), in other words, or, namely, if fact, in reality, as a matter of fact等； 转折型：however, but, yet, nevertheless, instead, on the contrary,on the other hand 等；,列举型：firstlysecondlyfinally, on the one hand, on the other hand, for one thing, for another 等 举例型：for example, for instance, such as, that is, like, take for example等； 因果型：because (of), since, now that, thanks to, due to; thus, therefore, as a result (consequence),so that, so that等； 让步型：though, although, in spite of, despite 等； 顺序型：firstnextand thenfinally, firstthenafter thatfinally 等；,并列型：and, bothand, or, eitheror, as well as, 等 时间型：afterwards, soon, later, the moment/ immediately/ on doing, hardlywhen, no soonerthan 等 总结型：in a word, to sum up, in short, on the whole, in conclusion 等 见解型：in my opinion, personally speaking, as far as I am concerned,Im sure 等 条件型：if, as long as, so long as, on condition that , unless 等,英语作文高分技巧,在历年的高考评卷过程中，阅卷老师是如何评判一份卷子的，阅卷人最注重的是什么，是每个高考考生迫切想知道的，笔者将结合多年的高考阅卷经验，告诉大家如何在高考中胜人一筹，在书面表达上拿到高档次的分数。 书面表达在评阅时遵循语言第一位（语言高级），内容第二位（要点齐全），结构第三位（文章分段）的原则，也就是说阅卷老师最注重的是语言，换句话说是亮点，根据语言使用情况，亮点的多少而定出档次，所以考生在书面表达中语言上的亮点是得高分的关键。亮点一共有四种：一、高级词汇和语法；二、修辞手法；三、有效的连词；四、名人名言或谚语。首先简单介绍亮点当中至关重要的高级语法，以及修辞手法当中的一些技巧的使用。,肯定不如双否好,修辞的使用在书面表达中算作很大的亮点，在高中阶段很少有学生会注重修辞的应用。双重否定也是种修辞，而且对于考生来说，只要稍加注意，可以在文章中设计双重否定的句子。例如想表达“邮递员天天准时到”，如果写成The postman comes on time every day，就不如变成双重否定，The postman never fails to come on time，就变成了亮点句，起到强调作用。“几乎每个人对生活的态度都不同程度受到地震的影响”，写成双重否定There was hardly a man or a woman whose attitude towards life had not affected by the earthquake.应用类似的修辞会在高考中为考生加分。,陈述不如倒装妙,在书面表达中阅卷老师喜欢看到的高级语法共有五种：倒装，强调，从句，独立主格和分词结构，以及虚拟语气。倒装是一种最简单易行的使句子呈现亮点的方法。在高中阶段只需掌握倒装的四种形式，足以应对书面表达，如何应用倒装，有很多方法和技巧。,1.否定词开头：如果写出的句子中有否定词，例如I will never marry you. 不如变成倒装，用否定词开头Never will I marry you. 就算作使用了高级语法。其他的否定词，如not， seldom， hardly等开头后面的句子倒装都是比较好的句子。,2.地点状语开头：在很多年的高考书面表达中都有表达地点的句子，一个建筑位于什么位置，或什么地方有什么东西，都可以应用倒装。例如在2006年的全国卷中，“图书馆位于学校的中央”，Our library is in the center of our school.变成倒装就用地点状语开头：In the center of our school lies our library. 其他的例子，想表达“河岸上有很多花”：On the bank stand some flowers. “天空中繁星点点”：In the sky hang little stars. 总之在想表达地点时就把地点状语放在句首后面主谓倒装。这样做的好处之一是倒装本身就是高级结构，第二是倒装后把真正的主语放到了句子的末尾，后面还可以继续加从句，使整个句子再呈现更多的亮点。例如In the center of our school lies our library，which is between the garden and the teaching building.,3.Only+介词短语：例如在2007年全国卷中，让外教帮你找个笔友，有一句可以表达成“只有通过这种方式我才能提高英语”，这句话可以写成Only in this way can I improve my English.其他的例子还有Only by taking exercises can we keep healthy. 4. 形容词+as+主语+系动词：例如Young as I am， I can manage it； Rich as our country is， we have a lot of problems. 2000年书面表达中：Badly injured as he was， he managed to take down the cars number. 还有其他的倒装结构，“很高兴收到的你的来信”：So glad am I to hear from you.在高考中要尽量使用一两个倒装。,主动不如被动巧,在近些年的阅卷中，发现考生在写作中很少使用被动语态，也许是受中文思维的影响，几乎整篇文章都使用主动语态。其实在英文中，被动语态的使用是很重要的。因为英语是一门客观的语言，而汉语是主观的语言，具体体现在英语中经常用被动语态，汉语经常用主动语态；英语中经常用物称或形式主语开头，强调一件事发生在什么人身上，而汉语经常用人称开头强调一个人发生了什么事。所以使用被动语态符合英语的习惯，如果能将整个文章中两个句子变成被动语态，就会呈现句型的变化，使整个文章句型丰富。例如在2006年的高考中，很多学生在表达“我们每次可以借五本书最多借十天时”，都是用：We can borrow five books at most， and we can keep them for ten days.这句话如果写成：At most five books can be borrowed at a time and they can be kept for ten days，分数会更高。,分词结构不能少,在前文提到，在书面表达中老师喜欢看到的高级语法共有五种：倒装，强调，从句，独立主格和分词结构，以及虚拟语气。在所有的高级语法中，阅卷老师最喜欢看到的是独立主格和分词结构，其次是剩下的几项。但很多学生不知道如何在文章中使用这个最大的亮点。其实几乎所有的状语从句都可以变成独立主格或分词结构，时间状语从句，原因状语，条件状语等。例如条件状语从句：If such is the case， you should apologize to her. 如何变成独立主格或分词结构呢？学会下面的口诀，如果你的作文中有状语从句，马上可改成独立主格或分词结构这个最大的亮点。,口诀：一去，二看，三改。一去：去连词；二看：看主语；三改：改分词。,If such is the case， you should apologize to her.按照这个口诀来改，第一步，去掉连词if；第二步，看前后两句话的主语，前后主语不一致，所以要改成独立主格；第三步，改分词，is 变成分词是being，所以最后变成Such being the case， you should apologize to her.就变成了独立主格。如果前后两句话主语一致，就变成分词结构，例如2005年高考书面表达中的一句话Because I am a student， Id like to know the price for students. 改成Being a student， Id like to know the price for students.其他想表达状语从句的时候几乎都一样。所以想表达由于，因为，如果等都写成独立主格或分词结构会让阅卷老师多给几分。,总之，书面表达重在设计，如何设计出让阅卷老师看了眼前一亮的句子，写出有分词，倒装，强调，修辞的句子，使整篇文章句型丰富，不单一，有效的使用连接成分使文章连贯，方能在高考中拿到高分。,II、Paraphrase or translate the following sentences by using different phrases or structures. 一、句子开头的变化 1.使用非人物主语开头 eg: She began to cry. (Tears) Tears came to her eyes. eg: I like listening to music. (appeal) Music appeals to me.,2.使用非主语成份开头 eg: The boy was kind and honest, and he was elected monitor. （形容词作状语） Kind and honest, the boy was elected monitor. eg: Many experts who come from all over the world are present at the meeting. (形容词置于句首倒装) Present at the meeting were many experts who come from all over the world.,二、词语表达方式的变化 1. Ill thank you if you think about my application. (appreciate) I will appreciate it that if you take my application into consideration. 2. Well try our best to develop the traditional friendship between us. (spare) Well spare no effort to promote the traditional friendship between us.,三、语法结构的变化 1. We should make efforts to reduce air pollution. （被动语态） Efforts should be made to reduce air pollution. 2. He walked out of the lab and many students followed him. (过去分词/现在分词形式作状语) He walked out of the lab , followed by many students. He walked out of the lab, with many students following him.,3. We all know that parks are public places. （名词性从句； 定语从句） As we all know, the parks are public places. As is known to all, the parks are public places. What is known to us is that the parks are public places. It is known to all that the parks are public places.,4. With the teachers help, I have made great progress in English. (强调句型；虚拟语气)。 Without/ but for the teachers help, I wouldnt have made great progress in English. It is with the teachers help that I have made great progress in English. 5. 这个地方值得参观。（一句多译） The place is worth visiting. The place is worthy of being visited. The place is worthy of a visit. The place is worthy to be visited.,6. 我刚走进房间电话铃就响了。（一句多译） As soon as I entered the room, my telephone rang. No sooner had I entered the room than my telephone ran Hardly/Scarcely had I entered the room when my telephone rang. The moment/minute/instant I entered the room, my telephone rang. Immediately/Directly I entered the room, my telephone rang. On entering the room, I heard my telephone rang.,四、主体和客体的变化 eg: 这家具花了我500美元。(用不同句型翻译) I paid 500 for the furniture. I bought the furniture for 500. I spent 500 on the furniture. I spent 500 in buying the furniture. The furniture cost me 500. It cost me 500 to buy the furniture.,五、动态和静态的变化 1.他们经常参加那个博物馆。 （visit; visitors） They are the frequent visitors to visit the museum. 2.他幸福地笑了。 （smile v. n ） A happy smile is on his face.,对比观点作文 (1) 要求论述两个对立的观点并给出自己的看法。 1. 有一些人认为。 2. 另一些人认为。 3. 我的看法。 The topic of -(主题) has aroused public concern. There are two sides of opinions about it. Some people say A is their favorite. They hold their view for the reason of -(支持A的理由一)What is more, -理由二). Moreover, -(理由三). While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons. Firstly,-(支持B的理由一). Secondly (besides),-(理由二). Thirdly (finally),-(理由三). From my point of view, I think -(我的观点). The reason is that -(原因). As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice. For me, the former is surely a wise choice .,解决方法题型 要求考生列举出解决问题的多种途径 1. 问题现状 2. 怎样解决(解决方案的优缺点) In recent days, we have to face a problem-, which is becoming increasingly serious. First, -(说明的现状).Second, -(举例进一步说明现状) Confronted with -, we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation. For one thing, -(解决方法一). For another -(解决方法二). Finally, -(解决方法三). Personally, I believe that -(我的解决方法). Consequently, Im confident that a bright future is awaiting us because -(带来的好处).,说明利弊题型 这种题型往往要求先说明一下现状，再对比事物本身的利弊，有时也会单从一个角度(利或弊)出发，最后往往要求考生表明自己的态度(或对事物前景提出预测) 1. 说明事物现状 2. 事物本身的优缺点(或一方面) 3. 你对现状(或前景)的看法 Nowadays many people prefer A because it has a significant role in our daily life. Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows. First -(A的优点之一). Besides -(A的优点之二). But every coin has two sides. The negative aspects are also apparent. One of the important disadvantages is that -(A的第一个缺点).To make matters worse,-(A的第二个缺点). Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones. Therefore, I would like to -(我的看法). From the comparison between these positive and negative effects of A, we should take it reasonably and do it according to the circumstances we are in. Only by this way, -(对前景的预测).),议论文的框架 (1) 不同观点列举型( 选择型 ) There is a widespread concern over the issue that _作文题目_. But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person. A majority of people think that _ 观点一_. In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, _原因一_.Furthermore, in the second place, _原因二_. So it goes without saying that _观点一_. People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter. Some people hold the idea that _观点二_. In their point of view, on the one hand， _原因一_. On the other hand, _原因二_. Therefore, there is no doubt that _观点二_. As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that _观点一或二_. It is not only because _, but also because _. The more _, the more _.,Practice 书面表达：,Ladies and gentlemen, Welcome to our school !, This village is a small one with/which has nearly 100 families and about 500 people.,It used to be very poor., However,it has changed a lot since 197