高考英语Unit5Thepowerofnature（词汇考查词汇应用）（含解析）新人教版选修.docx

Unit 5 一、词汇复习（一）单句语法填空1、Id like to buy _ computer. Could you please give me some advice？ 答案：a句意为：我想买一台电脑，你能给我一些建议吗？computer为单数可数名词，此处表不确定的事物，表泛指，故填不定冠词a。2(2015浙江嘉兴五校联考改编)Zinio is _ platform for digital magazines, with more than 5,500 magazines from a wide range of publishers. 答案：a句意为：Zinio是一个电子杂志平台，拥有来自各出版商所提供的5,500多本杂志。platform是单数可数名词，此处指“一个平台”，表泛指，故填不定冠词a。3(2015江西南昌高三一模)What if your first choice is wrong? If so, just give yourself _ second chance. 答案：a句意：如果你的第一次选择错误怎么办？如果是这样，要再给自己一次机会。序数词前加不定冠词表示“再一，又一”，所以填不定冠词a。4(2015福建厦门模拟改编)Would you mind giving me advice on how to improve my record？ If you make _ most of your potential, there will be a rise in your achievement.答案：the句意为：给我一些建议使我提高记录好吗？如果你充分利用自己的潜能，你的成绩就会提高。make the most of是固定短语，意为“充分利用”，故填定冠词the。5(2015浙江温州十校联考改编)With the development of society, our country is badly in need of those with _ better command of computer skills. 答案：a句意为：随着社会的发展，我们国家非常需要那些可以进行电脑操作的人才。with a command of.为惯用搭配，意为“掌握”，故填不定冠词a。（二）英汉互译1. diagram n. _ 2. volcano n. _3. volcanic adj. _4. volcanology n. _5. volcanologist n. _6. erupt vi. _7. eruption n. _8. ash n. _9. crater n. _10. lava n. _11. hurricane n. _12. questionnaire n. _13. alongside adv. prep. _14. equipment n. _15. appoint vt. _16. observatory n. _17. database n. _18. Mount Kilauea _19. evaluate vt. _20. burn to the ground _21. wave n. vi. _22. molten adj. _23. fountain vi. & vt. n. _24. absolute adj. _ 25. absolutely adv. _26. spaceman n. _27. suit n. _28. helmet n. _29. boot n. _30. make ones way _31. potential n. adj. _32. actual adj. _33. geology n. _34. Mount Etna _35. Sicily_36. sample n. _37. candidate n. _38. Mount Vesuvius _39. threat n. _40. bungalow n. _41. Pompeii_42. tornado n. _43. typhoon n. _44. thunderstorm n. _45. precious adj. _46. novelist n. _47. fog n. _48. document n. _49. rainbow n. _50. uncomfortable adj. _51. balcony n. _52. unconscious adj. _53. shoot（shot, shot） vt. _54. shot n. _ 55. tremble vi. _56. sweat n. vi. _57. anxious adj. _58. anxiety n. _59. panic (panicked, panicked) vi. & vt. n. _60. tsunami n. _61. glance through _62. Manchu adj. n. _63. vary fromto _ 64. diverse adj. _65. diversity n. _66. crane n. _67. leopard n. _68. spectacular adj. _69. bathe vi. _70. arouse vt. _71. appreciation n. _72. peak n. _73. persuasion n. _74、guarantee vt. _二、阅读理解APersuasion is to convince someone to agree with you, just like art which also calls for special techniques to accomplish. According to the ancient Greeks, there are three basic tools of persuasion: ethos, pathos and logos.Ethos is a speakers way of convincing the audience that he is trustworthy, honest and reliable. One common way a speaker can develop ethos is by explaining how much experience or education he has in the field. After all, youre more likely to listen to advice about how to take care of your teeth from a dentist than a fireman.Pathos is a speakers way of connecting with an audiences emotions. For example, a politician who is trying to convince an audience to vote for him might say that he alone can save the country from a terrible war. These words are intended to fill the audience with fear, thus making them want to vote for him. Similarly, an animal charity might show an audience pictures of injured dogs and cats to make the viewers feel pity, so they will be more likely to donate money.Logos is the use of facts, statistics or other evidence to support your argument. An audience will believe you if you have convincing data to back up your claims. Presenting this evidence is much more persuasive than simply saying “believe me”.Although ethos, pathos and logos all have their strengths, they are often most effective when used together. So, the next time you listen to a speech, watch a commercial or listen to a friend try to convince you to lend him some money, be on the lookout for these ancient Greek tools of persuasion.1.What is the purpose of persuasion?A. To advise somebody to support you.B. To help someone have special skillC. To convince somebody to realize his aim.D. To talk someone into being honest.2.What is a speakers way of convincing the audience to trust him?A. Pathos.B. Ethos.C. Logos.D. Education.3.What do a politician and an animal charity have in common?A. Both prevent themselves from being hurt.B. Both save people from terrible wars.C. Both make the audience support them.D. Both persuade people to donate money.4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. Convince the AudienceB. Three Basic Tools of PersuasionC. Believe MeD. Strength of Persuasion【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了源自于古希腊且一直沿用至今的说服他人的艺术，其中包括ethos、pathos、logos三种方式以及用这三种方式说服他人在各个领域应用的可能性。1.A 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段第一句话“Persuasion is to convince someone to agree with you, just like art which also calls for special techniques to accomplish.”可知，说服是为了建议人们支持你。故选A。3.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“For example, a politician who is trying to convince an audience to vote for him might say that he alone can save the country from aterrible war.”和最后一句“Similarly, an animal charity might show an audience pictures of injured dogs and cats to make the viewers feel pity, so they will be more likely to donate money.”可知，政治家可能会说他会独自一人从可拍的战争中挽救一个国家为了说服观众为他投票，动物慈善机构向观众展示受伤的猫或者狗的图片是为了让观众感到可怜，更可能捐款。因此可知，政治家和慈善机构的共同之处是他们都想让听众支持他们。故选C。4.B 【解析】标题判断题。纵观全文可知，文章主要介绍了说服人的艺术，包括ethos、pathos、logos三中不同的方式，以及这三种方式在各个领域应用的可能性。因此推断B项“说服的三种基本方式”为最佳标题，概况了文章中心主旨。故选B。B(2018湖北武汉调研测试)Elon Musk was born in South Africa, in 1971. A crazy fan of computers, by the age of twelve, Musk had written the code(代码) for his own video game, which he sold for a profit.He attended Queens University in Canada, and transferred(转到) to the University of Pennsylvania, where he earned two bachelors degrees, economics and physics. He was admitted to Stanford University in California, intending to earn a PhD in energy physics.First CompanyZip2 CorporationIn 1995, at the age of 24, Musk dropped out of Stanford University after just two days of classes to start his first company Zip2 Corporation. It was an online city guide that provided content for the new online versions of The New York Times and the Chicago Tribune newspapers. In 1999, Musk got $ 22 million from the sale of Zip2.Online BankingIn 1999, Elon Musk started Xcom with $ 10 million dollars from the sale of Zip2. X. com was an online bank, and he was credited with inventing a method of securely transferring money using a receivers email address.PayPalIn 2000, X. com bought a company called Confinity, which had started an Internet moneytransfer process called PayPal. Elon Musk dropped the online banking focus to concentrate on becoming a global payment transfer provider. In 2002, eBay bought PayPal for $ 1.5 billion.Space Exploration TechnologiesIn 2002, Elon Musk started SpaceX. He is a longstanding member of the Mars Society, a nonprofit organization that supports the exploration of Mars, and Musk is interested in building a greenhouse on Mars. SpaceX has been developing rocket technologies to enable Musks project.Tesla MotorsIn 2004, Elon Musk cofounded Tesla Motors, of which he is the only product architect. Tesla Motors builds electric vehicles. The company has built an electric sports car, the Tesla Roadster.SolarCityIn 2006, Elon Musk cofounded SolarCity, a photovoltaic(光电的) products and services company with his cousin Lyndon Rive.【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了埃隆马斯克的人生经历和伟大成就。1What was Elon Musk gifted in when he was young?AEconomics.BPhysics.CEnergy.DCoding.D解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的第二句可知，Musk是一位疯狂的电脑迷，十二岁时他就为自己的视频游戏写代码并获利了；据此可知，他小时候就有写代码的天赋，故D项正确。2Which of the following provides international payment transfer service?AX.com.BConfinity.CPayPal.DeBay.C解析：细节理解题。根据PayPal部分，尤其是该部分的第二句可知，PayPal提供国际转账支付服务，故C项正确。3What has SpaceX been doing to help achieve Musks project?ASponsoring the Mars Society.BDeveloping rocket technologies.CBuilding a greenhouse on Mars.DSupporting the exploration of Mars.B解析：细节理解题。根据Space Exploration Technologies部分的“SpaceX has been developing rocket technologies to enable Musks project.”可知，SpaceX一直在研究开发火箭技术，帮助Musk实现他的项目(目标)，故B项正确。4What is Tesla Motors noted for?AIts electric vehicles.BIts photovoltaic products.CIts service as a city tourist guide.DIts business with other companies.A解析：细节理解题。根据Tesla Motors部分，尤其是该部分的第二句可知，Tesla Motors是生产电动汽车的公司，故A项正确。三、书面表达。阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Some experts argue the fact that almost one in four teens is constantly online is a dangerous thing, yet I believe that its an opportunity. Technology brings us closer together and can help us in everyday life rather than replacing friends with screens.First, I believe that technology takes the embarrassment out of face-to-face contact, as talking to someone may make you uncomfortable. You could not say what is on your mind. A much simpler way of communicating is through texts. By texting a person, there is no resistance(抵抗) to what you are trying to say. You are able to revise your words before you send them, hopefully not saying something you will later regret or that could hurt someones feelings. Apart from making friends face-to-face, there are other ways of interaction using technology. Technology can help bond people together by showing similar interests.Second, technology can help friends and family keep in touch. When moments together are not within reach, the next best thing is to use technology to catch up on each others life and share precious moments through videos and calls. The ability to play back a memory on a screen is amazing, something that can be cherished and kept forever.Some m