英语语法之宾语从句.ppt

Grammar,Lesson99-100,宾语从句 用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句，宾语从句常常用连词that引起，而that没有意义仅起连接作用。 1）宾语从句的分类 作动词的宾语。比如：Everyone knows that he is a good student./ He wondered how the pyramids were built. 作介词的宾语。比如：This depends on how hard you work./ Is there anything wrong in what I said?,作形容词的宾语。比如：They are confident that they can do the job well./ I am not certain whether the train will arrive in time. 2)使用宾语从句要注意的问题 从句引导词that的省略：在非正式场合下，that在引导宾语从句时，可以省略。比如：I think (that) you are right. 形式宾语it: 如果宾语从句后面跟有补语，要有形式宾语it来代替，而将从句放 到补语的后面去。,比如：He has made it clear that the meeting will not be postponed./ I heard it said that that factory was founded in 1901. 宾语从句的时态呼应：如果主语的谓语是过去时，宾语从句的时态要按照时态呼应规则进行相应的调整。但是若宾语从句表示的是客观真理或自然观念，其谓语时态仍用一般现在时。比如： He said that he had left his umbrella in the library.,The teacher told the students that the Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean in the world. 宾语从句否定意义的转移：在think, believe, suppose, expect等动词所尾随的宾语中，如果从句谓语是否定的，一般要将否定词not转移至主句谓语，而将从句宾语变为肯定形式。比如：I dont think he has time to play chess with you./ I dont suppose it is the rush hour yet.,直接引语和间接引语:,1.引述别人的原话称为直接引语。 如：She says, “I am a bus driver.” 直接引语要放在引号内，不用连词连接。 2.用自己的话转述别人的话，称为间接引语。 如: She says that she is a bus driver. 间接引语是把说话人的原话变为宾语从句。 3.直接引语和间接引语都是复合句中的宾语从句。,直接引语变间接引语:,1根据表达内容的需要，句子的主语，宾语及状语等到经常需要发生相应的变化。 2当主句的谓语动词是现在时，宾语从句中的动词时态不变。比如： He says, “My mother will come back tomorrow.” He says that his mother will come back tomorrow. The boy says, “Ive finished my homework .” The boy says he has finished his homework.,直接引语变间接引语,当直接引语变为间接引语时，如果主句的谓语动词是过去时态时，则间接引语中的动词时态应作相应的改变。,直接引语变间接引语,1）直接引语是一般、选择或反意疑问句，变成间接引语时，由连词whether 或if 引导，而且必须将原来的疑问句的语序调整为陈述句的语序。如： He asked me: “Do you come from China?” He asked me if I came from China. 2) 直接引语是特殊疑问句，变成间接引语时，由相应的疑问词who, whom, whose, how, when, why, where 等引导。如： My sister asked me: “What is your friend?” My sist