专八proofreading.ppt

专八改错10大经典错误,1：冠词问题（a和the以及零冠词的问题） 2：代词问题（尤其是代词和名词在单复数上的一致） 3：非谓语动词问题（-ed形式与-ing形式的混用；不定式） 4：形容词与副词问题 5：介词搭配问题（介词名词、动词、形容词的习惯搭配） 6：逻辑错误（句子衔接和肯定/否定关系） 7：时态语态语气问题（尤其是虚拟语气问题） 8：易混词与反义词问题（包括同义词和反义词） 9：从句（尤其是名词性从句和定语从句） 10：形容词的用法问题（比较级等）,1：冠词问题（a和the以及零冠词的问题） 单数可数名词一般前应有冠词，但有些固定搭配中不用冠词 Dishwashers and washing machines do jobs that were once done by the hand. by (the) hand by hand Though we have known great deal about space，we still have a lot to learn. great deal a great deal,The day before the speech contest English teacher English teacher - my English teacher 可数名词前通常要加修饰语。此句虽然有English，但指代不明。根据上下文，加上my比较贴切。,2：代词问题（尤其是代词和名词在单复数上的一致） 1)The Smiths did his best to make me feel Their the Smiths指代一家人或夫妇俩。 2)And they must not break the rules too often if we want to win the games. 谈论都是“我们”的事，此处也应一致。,3：非谓语动词问题（-ed形式与-ing形式的混用；不定式） The victory was no more convinced than I had expected Convinced convincing 令人信服的，表示主语特征 The teacher went into the classroom, following by some students Following followed,分词和不定式的不同含义： 现在分词：主动或进行（或完成）； 过去分词：被动或完成； 不定式：将要发生或目的 Succeeding in passing the examination, she is extremely happy. 因为（已发生） To succeed in passing the examination, she needs to work much harder.为了（目的）,Becoming a skilled photographer, a person should have both manual dexterity（灵巧，灵敏）a good eye for detail. Becoming To become,4：形容词与副词问题 1）形容词用来修饰名词或作表语；副词修饰形容副词或动词：经常有误用 It is essential that people be psychological able to resist the impact brought about by the transition from planned economy to market economy. Psychological psychologically 修饰形容词 Man has used metals for centuries in gradual increasing quantities. Gradual gradually修饰动词（现在分词形式）,2）系动词和感官动词后接形容词。系动词包括be, appear, seem, become, turn, go, come, grow, keep,感官动词包括feel, smell, taste, sound, look等。其中有些系动词又可以做实义动词：become, appear, turn, go, come, grow, keep I frequently feel weakly and dissatisfied with myself All the dishes taste most deliciously. Weakly weak Deliciously delicious,3） -ly结尾的词不一定都是副词，如friendly, woolly长绒毛的, costly昂贵的, lonely, elderly, olderly, fatherly, brotherly, deadly等，注意区分。,4) 有些副词有两种形式，但意义不同，需加以区分 High高 highly：高度地 Deep深 deeply：深深地 Wide宽/大 widely：广泛/大大地 Hard努力 hardly：几乎不 Near近 nearly：几乎/将近 close近 closely：细心/严密/密切 Late迟 lately：最近 Most最 mostly：主要/通常 Just 刚/仅/正好 justly 公平/正当/精确地 Pretty相当/非常 prettily漂亮地/令人愉悦地,Right就/正是/顺利 rightly正确/当/公正地 Slow缓慢(go/run/speak/read) slowly慢慢/渐渐地 Loud/loudly大声地 （louder/loudest） Fair公平/公正/正好 fairly 相当/适度/公正 Easy不着急/慢慢/容易 easily轻易/容易/很可能 Dead突然/完全/直接 deadly极为/死一般地 Clean完全/一直 cleanly干净利落地 Clear清楚/完全/远离 clearly 清楚/显然/明亮,He got up, walked across the room, and with a sharp quick movement flung the door widely open. Widely open wide open Deciding how much discomfort and risk we are prepared to put up with in the name of better health is a high personal matter. High highly 极为/高度地,5：介词搭配问题（介词名词、动词、形容词的习惯搭配） 不及物动词后接宾语应添加介词 But perhaps we should look at both sides of the coin before arriving hasty conclusions. This leads changes in the way of life. arriving (at) / leads (to) 固定搭配中是否缺介词，注意隔离修饰 In every home a stereo or television will fill the rooms sound. fill the rooms (with) sound,On some fields, this has clearly not happened. On in This has probably been the case in quite a while. Infor,介词to和不定式符号的混淆,Too many tests will do harm to cultivate our independent thinking. （误） Too many tests will do harm to the cultivation of our independent thinking. （正） All these contributed to solve the serious problem. （误） All these contributed to the solution of the serious problem. （正）,The songs sounded via radios in restaurants，from cars passing on the highways and shoeshine(擦皮鞋) parlors and (in) shoeshine parlors 此处应是in restaurants, from cars和in shoeshine parlors并列的3个介词短语,6：逻辑错误（句子衔接和肯定/否定关系） She was smiling but nodding at me. But and 微笑和点头意义一致 There is enough audience and also it is a large room，you will probably not have to use a microphone 去掉not,In 1860, because some of the farm population had moved to the city, yet eighty percent of the American population was still in the country. Because though/although Under this pressure their whole way of life, even if their bodies, became radically changed. They became chasers, runners, jumpers, aimers, throwers and prey killers. even if even,7：时态语态语气问题（尤其是虚拟语气问题） Whenever we hear of a natural disaster, even in a distant part of the world, we feel sympathy for the people to have affected. To have affected to have been affected The old Jewish custom of bathing the feet of all strangers that came within their gates is still be practicing in parts of Palestine. Is still be practicing is still being practiced,I remember locking the door when I left home this morning Locking having locked 非谓语动作发生时间早于主语动作发生时间。,虚拟语气标志词（v.）,v. Demand, command, suggest, require, ask, order, insist, advise, move, direct, recommend, propose, see (to it) that等 n. demand, request, suggestion, recommendation, advice, proposal, insistence等 a. important, fundamental, preferable, necessary, basic, vital, imperative, essential, requested, suggested, demanded等,有些词有多个意义，当不表示建议、命令时，就不能用虚拟语气，如： Some evidence suggests that REM sleep be a time when the brain adapts to life experience. Be is （一些证据表明，REM sleep可能是大脑适应生活经验的时间。）,8：易混词与反义词问题（包括同义词和反义词） 某些近义词表面意思讲得通，但不贴切或不准确，需要进行替换。 Between sunrise and sunset, streets and highways are a constant source of voice from cars, buses Voice noise Because of his excellent performance, the boss rose his salary. （误） Because of his excellent performance, the boss raised his salary. （正）,My roommate is generous，inconsiderate，and easy to get along with inconsiderate 为considerate 根据上下文的意思应为“体谅人的”之意。 Science itself is harmless，but as soon as it can provide technology，it is not necessarily harmful harmful harmless 本句说明科学有时具有危害性,9：从句（尤其是名词性从句和定语从句） 当先行项为时间/地点时，如关系词在从句中作主语或宾语，应用which或that，而不用when/who(m) I live in Beijing，where is the capital of China. which 此处where应改为which，因为它在定语从句中作主语。 I suddenly realized that my own parents are the ones whom I can rely. (on) whom,介词后出现从句，如前有名词或代词作先行项，用which或whom引导定语从句，如没有，则用what引导，这时整个名词性从句作介词宾语。 The children attended a small elementary school (often of just one room) to that they had to walk everyday, possibly for a few miles. In the nineteenth century, farm work and life were not much changed from that they had been in the old days. To that to which That what （原从句缺少宾语）,Instead, this other person told us a story, it he said was quite well-known, about an American who had been invited to an Arab meal in one of the countries of the Middle East.(00/06) In the late nineteenth century, farm work and life were not much changed from that they had been in the old days. It which That what,在限定性定语从句中，As 常和先行词前的such, so, as, the same搭配；which则无此限制。 He is as brilliant a politician as ever live