《叉车安全操作》PPT课件.ppt

叉车操作,安全要诀,TLGH W/H 2006/4/1,叉车安全驾驶,(一)日常应做例行检查及保养工作 (二)货物安放 (三)常见之操作错误 (四)货叉、链条之安全标准 (五)电池使用守则 (六)如有可能，参与叉车安全驾驶课程,（本刊物内容只供参考之用）,(一)日常应做例行检查及保养工作,驾驶员以经过适当训练和指定人员为限 您是否适合工作为铲车驾员? 对于这一车辆的驾驶方法，熟悉吗？ 有否戴上安全头盔，在工作时有否穿着工人衣？ Only properly trained and authorized drivers should operate forklift trucks Are you qualified to be a forklift driver?Are you familiar with the forklift truck you operate?Do you wear a safety helmet and proper clothing on the job?,在运转前，检查车辆情况 在开始一天的工作以前，考虑一下安全问题。车辆情 况不良、不能运转。如驾驶员认为不安全时、可以拒绝 运转。 Before starting work,check the condition of the forklift truck Stop and think safety before starting the days work.No truck should be operated unless it is im good working condi-tion.Refuse to operate a forklift truck which in your opinion is unsafe.,发现有任何故障时，应立即报告上司 在未恢复安全状态以前，不能运转。 应切记：”有了安全的铲车，才能保证安全的装卸。” Immedidtely report to your supervisor any obvious defects or required repairs A defective forklift truck or one requiring repairs should be taken out of service until it has been restored to safe operating condition.Remember,safe handing begins with a safe forklift truck.,每日完工后，检查铲车情况 应使您的铲车，保持最良好的健康状态。由于您 的细心保护，不但可以减少高额修理费用。更能 保证您本人的安全，以及您四周的人员和设备。 当有故障时，应立即报告上司。 Check the condition of your forklift truck after the days Work Keep your forklift truck in the best of health.Your personal Care will not only prevent costly repairs and reduce downtime but will also make you safer,as well as the people and equipment around you.Report any faulty performance without delay.,熟悉铲车，考虑安全 随时要把安全作为您自己的问题，进行考虑。随时准备突发事故，作适当合理判断。 Know your forklift truck and think safety Make safety a matter of attitude.Expect the unexpected and use sound judgement whenever you are behind the wheel.,(二)货物安放,绝对不能过载 检查有无过载，一定要按铲车载重能力，进行装卸。 在货物装上叉以前，要确定一下货物重量，重心位 置。安全运转的第一条，在于理解叉车能力，加以 严密遵守。 Dont overload Check load weights and handle only within the rated Capacity or your forklift truck.Before picking up a load ,be Sure of how much it weights and where its load center is located.Safe operation requires understanding and observing the forklift trucks rated load capacity.,使用适当尺寸的载货台板 检查载货架的状态、强度、安全负载能力。在堆积时突然发生捆包散落，是由于载货的不适当。 Always use the proper size pallet Check the condition and safe loading capacity of the pallet,The sudden collapse of block stacking often results from a faulty pallet.,叉幅尽可能宽大 在货物装上叉之前，要确认一下:载货台板的宽度，或是货物的宽度，是否和叉的宽度相合适。 叉的宽大，可以保证载货的稳定。 Set the forks to the maximum possible width Before picking up a load ,make sure that the forks are as Wide apart as the pallet or load will allow.Wide fork spacining keeps the load stable.,确认载货台板上的货物是否有松驰 稳定而安全捆扎好的货物，才能装运。 Watch for loose loads Handle only stable,safety arranged loads.,叉上货物的位置和重量应有良好的平衡 装卸宽大货物时，或是有偏负重时，在操作时要特别注意，不要使铲子车颠倒。也要注意长尺寸货物，如铁条、木材等等 Position loads evenly on the forks for proper balance When handling wide loads ,or off-center loads that cannot be centered,operate with caution to prevent tipping over the forklift truck.Also use caution when handling long lengths of bar stock,lumber,etc.,(三)常见之操作错误,绝对不能在倾斜不平的路面升举货物 经常要注意路面情况,车辆在倾侧状态下高举货物时, 如恰巧遭遇到微少的冲击或地板上的孔穴,会发生颠倒 情况. Never elevate a load with the forklift truck on an incline. When on an incline always watch the condition of the surface. When operating on an incline with the load lifted high,just a slight bump or hole in the floor would be enough to overturn the forklift truck.,不能容许任何人员进入升举的货叉之下 在升举货叉之前,要确认一下四周有无其他人员逗留,不管 叉上有无装载货物,不能容许任何人员.包括你本人在内 进入货叉的下面。 Do not permit anyone to stand between elevated forks Never stand or pass,or permit anyone else to stand or pass under the elevated forks whether empty or loaded.,在柱之前，不能放入手足 从使为捆扎松散开的货物，也不能昧然把手伸入柱之间，小 的不注意，会招致大的损害。 Keep hands and feet out of the mast assembly Never reach through the mast assembly for ANYreason.Just one small mistake could result in serious injury.,经常装借背架和认顶 向高处堆积货物时，要特别注意落下货物，同时更 需确认堆积在顶上的货物，有无松散情况 Always use the load backrest extension and overhead guard for hig stacking Be especially alert for falling objects when high stacking. Make sure no loose articles are lying on top of the load.,柱在前倾时，不能升举货物 升举货物时，柱只能垂直或是后倾，绝不能前倾。 升举起的货物放下货堆时，才能前倾。 Do not elevate the load with the mast tilted forward The mast should always be vertical or tiltde Backward when lifting a load,never tilt forward beyond the vertical.An elevated load may be tilted forward only when putting it on the stack or directly over the unloading area.,装载货物驶行时，尽可能离地面愈近愈好 不能遗忘货叉降低。 在普通情况下，约离地面100-150mm（4-6寸）就 行。却不可把叉升举到超过规定的离地高度，带货驶行。 Carry loads as close to the floor as possible Keep the forks low,100 to 150mm(4 to 6 inches)off the floor in most cases.Never travel with the load raised higher than necessary for adequate clearance.,(三)常见之操作错误,驶行时，柱向后倾侧，用支架支撑好货载 在行驶时，不能升举或降下货载。更要确认货叉之全长 和货载尺寸是否合适，以及支架是否确定支持好货载。 Keep the load against the backrest,with the mast tilted backward Never lift or lower loads with the forklift truck in motion,And be sure that the full length of the forks is under the load, with the load against the load backrest.,开始运转前，经常要确认一下四周有人逗留否 进行前，确认一下变速杆是否在所需要进行的位置？同时，您所进行的方向，是否为无人状态？ Always look before starting Before starting,first make sure that the direction lever is in position for the desired direction of travel and then make sure that the road is clear.,起动与停止，需要从容进行 避免急起动与急停止，特别在载有货物或堆积时，更 应如此。不能急速旋转。转变方向时，要完全停止升降 后缓慢进行。 Start and stop-g-r-a-d-u-a-l-l-y and s-l-o-w-l-y Avoid quick or jerky starts and stops,particularly when Loaded or when stacking,And never turn sharply at high Speed.Bring the forklift truck to gradual full stop before reversing.,在任何时候都要完全控制好车辆 按照工作地区四周情况,用安全速度进行运转.严守 各项规则和限制. Keep your forklift truck under controlat all times Always drive at safe speed considering all conditions. Be sure you understand your limtations.,经常要保持车间距离 为在任何状态之下,都能安全停车,要保持一定的车间距离. Always keep a side distance from other vehicles Keep a safe distance behind other moving vehicles to allow sufficientspace for safe stopping under any condition.,禁止超车 在交叉路,碍视场所等有危险性的地区,不能对同方向进行的车辆,作超车或越车行驶. Never overtake other vehicles Never pass other vehicles moving in the same direction at intersections,blind spots and other dangerous places. Always expect the unexpected!,(三)常见之操作错误,禁止玩耍或运转(不能粗暴运转) 安全,是难于测知的,但非常显然,是决定于您的驾车的态度如何.在您跨上驾驶座席时,就很显然.招致事故的,并非车辆,而是您本人. Avoid stunt sriving and horseplay Safety is the matter of your own attitude. This is difficult to measrue but quickly becomes evident once you are behind the wheel.Its not your forklift truck.Its you who invites trouble!,心猿意马的运转也在禁止之列 在运转中,不能心猿意马,要集中注意,目不斜视,进行运转. Dont daydream! Stay alert! Keep your eyes open while driving. Always watch where you are going.,湿润路面及容易滑行的地板上要减速运转 如所周知,在湿地或容易滑行的地板面上,是极难于进行控制的.运转铲车,不论在泥地,崎岖不平之地,也都要运转,并不是为取得狩猎旅行中的优胜. Slow down for wet,slippery areas You know how easy it is to lose control of your forklift truck on wet, slippery places. Driving forklift is not for winning a Safari Rally, in spite of similar road condititons.,转弯时减速及按下喇叭发出警告 在视线不良地区,应减速运转. 如有后视镜等设备,应加利用.注意”停止”标识,一旦停车后,如有必要,按下喇叭,然后,慎重前进. Go slow and sound the horn at corners Go slow wherever vision is limited or obstructed.If your plant has traffic mirrors,use them .Observe stop signs,stop your forklift truck completely, sound the horn if necessary and then proceed with extreme caution.,尽可能斜角地缓行通过铁路轨道 交叉地通过铁轨时,即使缓行,亦能发生颠簸.为平稳通过计,每次仅通过一个车辆,打斜通过. Cross railroad tracks slowly and diagonally whenever possilble A railroad crossing can give a loaded forklift truck a real jolt. For smoother crossing,cross the railroad diagonally so one wheel crosses at a time.,不能驶越过路面障碍物 与其驶越或绕回过身障碍物,不如把它搬移去. 更要避免通过凹凸路面,以便防止松散货物. Avoid running over loose objects Remove hazardous loose objects rather than driving over or around them.Avoid holes and bumps that might disturb your load.,(三)常见之操作错误,随时注意头上障碍物和载货,柱之间的空隙 天花板上设备,如电灯,电线,各种管子,喷水灭火器,门户的 槛,运输带等和车辆头部间距离,要充足.天花板较低的场所, 应充分降低柱高后进行运转. Always watch load and mast overhead clearance Be sure of sufficient headroom under overhead installations such as lights, wiring,pipework, sprinkler systems, doorway lintels, conveyors. Keep the mast as low as possible in all areas where overhead clearances are limited.,注意两侧的空隙 在特别宽大货载时,注意两侧空隙,尽可能在通路中间行驶,同时,更要注意到通路外之机械运转人员,有无其他不相干人物的. Watch side clearance Watch your side clearance, especially with wide loads. Where possible, drive in the center of the aisle to avoid endangering personnel or equipment.,驾驶员的手足,不要伸出车外侧 运转时,不能把手、足或身体的其他部分伸出到车外，您只有两只手脚，因此，要特别注意。 Keep hands and feet inside the truck While driving， do not put your arms or legs outside the forklift truck。You only have one set of each。Take care of them。,注意后端摆动 在狭小通路或场所，应注意车辆后端摆动。铲车是利用后轮爬行之故，在转弯进，后端可能发生大的摆动。 Watch rear end swing because the rear wheels steer your truck，the rear end swings wide when you trun。Use care in aisles and other tight plces。,不能让叉尖碰任何物件 在驶行到工作台，货堆，或任何固定物件前站立之人员身前时，应特加注意。同时经常要把叉降落后前进。 Do not allow the fork tips strike objects Extreme care should be exercised when driving near anyone in front of any fixed object。And always keep the forks down。,被巨大载货阻碍视线时，倒退行驶 载货巨大，前方视线被阻挡时、倒退行驶，就能看清前进方向。或是由其他同事指示您前进方向。 For better vision with bulky loads，drive backward If your front view is obstructed by an wide load，deive in reverse so you can see where you are going。Better still，have a co-worker guide you。,（三）常见之操作错误,注意地板支架强度 不要以为任何地区的地板都能有足够强度支持您的空载或有载铲车平安地行驶，应随时注意地板强度如何。挡块安装板是否紧牢地固定着。 Obsereve floor loading limits Never assume that any surface over which your forklift truck is to operate is strong enough to support the weight with or without a load。Make sure the dockboards are securely fastened and are strong enough to take this moving load safety。,装卸载货时，应扣紧制动器及堵塞住车辆 在装卸货载场所装货以前，为防止铲车和拖车突然滑动，应扣牢制动器，加以固定妥当，如果有谁加以误乱操作，会招致极大祸端。 Have brakes set and wheel blocks in while loading and unloading When working on a loading dock，make sure that the brakes of the trucks or trailers are set to prevent movement when you drive on。If a truck should roll forward，a serious accident could happen。,不能作为升降人员用 此举将招致危险。 铲车专为顺利装卸货物用，并不为升降人员使用。 Dont use your forklift truck as a peraonnel lift This is extremely dangerous。Your forklift truck was desiged for smooth，safe handing of things-not for elevating people。,搭乘人员，亦在禁止之列 铲车不能装卸叉车本来目的以外之货载。由于叉车没有搭乘人员之安全设备，绝对不能容人乘坐。 Dont carry passengers Again，dont use your forklift truck for moving loads for which it was not designed。There is NO safe place on a forklift truck for a passenger to ride。,离开铲车时，应断开电源 经常停放平坦地面，使叉降落地面，以便防止他人玩弄。确认制动器是否卡紧，变速杆是否在空档位置，然后拔出起动器键和蓄电池插塞。 Shut off your forklift truck when leaving it unattended Always park on level ground with the forks flat on the floor so no one will run into them。Make sure that the brakes are set， the controls in neutral and the starter key or battery plug removed。,加油进不能吸烟 加油及检查蓄电池时，一定要关闭引擎，停止吸烟。要紧记驾驶席并不是吸烟用座席。 No smoking while refueling Turn off engine when refueling the forklift truck orwhen checking the battery-and dont smoke！Remember， the drivers seat is not a smoking seat。,（三）常见之操作错误,在坡道工作，如货载巨大时，应有助理员指导 如货载面积巨大，阻碍前方视场，并需要上坡时，应将货载向着前进方向前进，并由其他同事协助指导。 Use an assistant when going up or down a ramp with a bulky load When driving forward up a ramp with a load so big you cant see ahead，get someone to guide you and make sure the way is clear。,平衡式铲车 上斜坡时，载货之铲车，铲叉应向上坡位。 下斜坡时，应倒车行驶。 Counter balance trucks Driving on slopes。 These trucks are always driven with the forks towards the crown of a slope of hill。,电叉车 上斜坡时，应倒车行驶。 下斜坡时，铲叉应向下坡位。 Outrigger trucks These trucks are always driven with the forks facingaway From the crown of a hill or slope。,伸叉式电叉车 上斜坡时，铲叉及排架应调至适当后倾角度，行驶时铲叉应向上坡位。 下斜坡时，应倒车行驶，防止货物颠倒滑落。 Reach trucks These trucks are always driven with the forks towards the crown of a hill or slope。This type of truck should also have its load lowered and mast titled when driving up a slope。,（四）货叉、链条之安全标准,1.每使用1,000小时或半年左右便须检查升降链。 2.检查链之卷轴及连接环有没有损坏，磨蚀生锈。 3.当链未磨损时，先记录“P”的原本长度，如升降链被拉长超过原来长度之2%便须更换。,1.)For the sake of safety,all lifting chains must be checked at intervalns not exceending 1000 hours. 2.)Check the wear on the link plates Of the chain,which have worn against the chain roller. 3.)When the chain stretch amounts To 2%across any section,the chain should be regarded as being worn out and must be replaced.,4.”G”的磨损,不可多于5%,4.)Wear should not be more than