驻英大使伦敦政治经济学院中国发展论坛演讲.doc

驻英大使伦敦政治经济学院中国发展论坛演讲2011年1月22日，中华人民共和国驻英国大使刘晓明应邀出席伦敦政治经济学院（LSE）中国发展学会举办的主题为“中国的国际融合：前景与挑战”的2011中国发展论坛，并在论坛开幕式上发表了主旨演讲。以下为演讲全文：中国与世界合作共赢中国驻英国大使刘晓明在伦敦政治经济学院中国发展论坛上的演讲2011年1月22日，伦敦政治经济学院Mutual Benefit Through Collaboration China & the World-Keynote Speech by H.E. Ambassador Liu Xiaoming at the LSE China Development Forum 201122 January 2011, LSE, London尊敬的戴维斯院长，女士们，先生们：Sir Howard Davies,Ladies and Gentlemen,首先，感谢戴维斯院长的盛情邀请，使我有机会来到伦敦政治经济学院（LSE）发表演讲。May I begin by thanking Sir Howard for this honour of speaking at the London School of Economics and Political Science.其实，我与LSE还很有缘分。这是我第二次访问LSE。上一次是我刚上任不久来LSE出席“汉语桥”英国赛区的预赛。那是我来英国后的第一 场公共活动，也是第一次演讲。由于预赛在LSE举行，又逢虎年，英国选手个个虎虎生威，一路过关斩将，最后伦敦大学亚非学院的蒋思哲（Stewart Johnson）获特等奖，开了英国选手在世界大学生“汉语桥”中文比赛总决赛中夺冠之先河。他们应感谢LSE给他们带来的好运。In fact, this is my second visit to the LSE. I made my first public appearance and first speech as the Chinese Ambassador to the UK at the LSE. That was when I attended the Ninth Chinese Proficiency Competition here. As the competition was held in the LSE, and it was shortly after the start of the Year of Tiger, the British contestants put on a vigorous and truly outstanding performance. Im glad to say that Stewart Johnson, an undergraduate at SOAS won the competition in the UK and went on to win the top prize in Beijing, becoming the first ever British student to win this prize. Maybe he should thank the LSE for this good luck.当然，真正让LSE闻名于世的还是它深厚的学术底蕴，使它成为社会科学教学与研究领域的知名学府。LSE也是国际化程度最高的学府之一，培 养了140多个国家和地区的精英。值得一提的是，LSE与中国颇有渊源，中国一些杰出的外交官都曾在LSE深造，其中有中国现任外长杨洁篪先生。近年来到 LSE求学的中国学生日益增加，目前已超过500人。The LSE has a well-deserved reputation for academic excellence. It prides itself on its diversity of students from over 140 countries. Many of them then returned home to become leaders in their respective fields. Among them are some distinguished Chinese diplomats, including the current Chinese Foreign Minister Mr Yang Jiechi. I am delighted to learn that the LSE is now home to over 500 Chinese students.此次LSE中国发展学会在2011年岁初举办主题为“中国的国际融合：前景与挑战”的“中国发展论坛”，我认为恰逢其时：一是中西方关系近 年来发展较快；二是中国去年刚刚超过日本成为世界第二大经济体。中国的发展越来越引起外界的关注，人们也越来越关心中国与世界的融合问题，实际上就是中国 与世界的关系问题。The LSE China Development Forum comes at an interesting time, with the interesting theme of Prospects and ChallengesChinas global integration. This is a time of fast development of Chinas relations with the West. This is also a time when China again comes under the spotlight, after overtaking Japan to become the second largest economy. Chinas development is attracting growing international attention. People are wondering about how this would impact the international system and where Chinas relations with the world are headed.关于这个问题，这几年外界观点很多，大致有这么几种：People in the West tend to look at China from many different perspectives:一是“威胁论”。根据西方近代史上的经验，“国强必霸”，因此西方一些人认为中国的发展是威胁，世界政治格局的演变是一种零和游戏，你升我 降，你兴我衰，中国的“韬光养晦”政策就是“卧薪尝胆”。持这种观点的人去年非常得意，他们自以为找到了新的例证，将中国在南海、钓鱼岛问题上正当维护自 己主权的行动视作“强硬”，认为中国外交已经开始咄咄逼人。我想，我们还是应该听听美国国务卿克林顿上周是如何评价这种观点的：“在亚太和美国，有人把中 国的增长看成是威胁，或将导致冷战式冲突，或将使美国衰败”，“我们不接受这些看法”。事实上，坚持原则立场同是否强硬是两码事，国家之间打交道，重要的 是看是否占“理”，“理直”才能“气壮”，“理屈”自然“词穷”。维护国家的主权、安全和发展利益，这就是中国外交的“理”，也是国际关系中的“理”。Some see China as a threat. They look at the modern history of Western nations and conclude that Rising powers are bound to seek hegemony.They see the shifting balance in the international political landscape with a zero-sum mentality. They believe China is hiding its capabilities and biding its time before pressing forward to dominate the region and ultimately the world. They point to recent acts by China to safeguard its sovereignty in the East and South China Seas as evidence of Chinas assertiveness. Let me quote from Secretary Hilary Clinton, who spoke about this just last weekSome in the region and some here at home see Chinas growth as a threat that will lead either to Cold-War-style conflict or American decline. We reject those views. I believe upholding principles and being assertive are two different things. What really matters is whether a country is on the right side. You can only make a strong case with good reasons. For China, safeguarding its interests in sovereignty, security and development is the right thing to do. This is a major principle in Chinas foreign policy, and is also a principle in international relations.二是“责任论”，说是责任论，实际上是说中国“不负责任”。他们认为中国作为国际体系的一份子，享受了现行体系的好处，如经济全球化和贸易 自由化，但没有做到也不愿去尽一个大国的责任，权利与责任不平衡，实力与作用不匹配，中国只是在“搭便车”。持这种观点的人眼里就盯着气候变化、朝核、世 界经济失衡等几个问题，其实就拿这几个问题来指责中国“不负责任”也显得苍白无力。比如，朝鲜半岛局势最近出现缓和，大家公认中国再次发挥了积极作用。更 何况，中国积极参与国际经济金融体系改革和治理，积极参加联合国维和行动和打击海盗，积极推动气候变化、国际发展等全球性问题的解决。Some believe China should take up more international responsibilities. These people complain that China has not fully honoured its obligations. They believe that China free-rides the current international system. It benefits significantly from globalisation and trade liberalisation, but is reluctant to assume the responsibilities of a major power. They criticize China for lack of responsibility in climate change, the Korean nuclear issue and global economic imbalances, etc. Nothing could be further from the truth. China has played an active role recently in easing tensions on the Korean Peninsula. China is taking an active part in the reform of the international economic and financial structures, in UN peacekeeping missions and in the fight against piracy. It is committed to working with other countries for solutions to global issues from climate change to international development.三是，我称为“跛脚论”。认为中国经济发展赶上了世界的步伐，但政治、意识形态和价值观上中国仍是“异类”，两只脚不是一般长，走得不是一 样快。这样的观点，我认为实际上是将自己的价值标准套用到别人的头上，是一种“自我中心论”，同时也是罔顾事实。中国改革开放的三十多年，难道只有经济上 的快速发展，没有同步的政治与社会的进步和飞跃？两者的脱离理论上不成立，实践中也难以想象。事实上，与30多年前相比，中国不仅是经济发生了天翻地覆的 变化，中国的政治生态、社会结构都取得了大发展，中国政治制度正朝着稳定、民主和效率的方向协调和均衡前进，中国社会既开放，又多元；中国人民不仅生活得 更加富裕，而且更加幸福。Others see China as a laggard in certain aspects. They believe that despite Chinas economic strength, it has not kept pace in the areas of politics, ideology and values. This reflects a self-centred attempt to impose Western values and standards onto China. It defies common sense and logic to believe three decades of reform and opening-up have only brought China economic growth, but not political and social progress. Such logic is flawed in theory and in practice, as China has come a long way in its political and social development. Its political system is making balanced and coordinated progress towards stability, democracy and efficiency. And Chinese society has become more open and diverse, resulting in people not only becoming wealthier, but also happier.四是“不定论”。对中国的走向既怀希望，又有疑虑。持这种观点的人，在西方恐怕不在少数。这种观点看似很中立，其实同样有害，因为它可能导致西方迷茫甚至误判，丧失的不仅是合作的机会，而且是自身发展的机遇。Lastly, some believe Chinas future is uncertain. They are torn between hope and fear for Chinas development, but unsure which way China will turn. This view of China has a large following in the West. It may sound neutral, but it can easily lead to confusion and even miscalculation. That could result in lost opportunities for cooperation and damage to their own development.那么，中国自己到底怎么看与世界的关系和融合问题。我认为，中国在三年前就将这个问题看得很清楚、说得很透彻。胡锦涛总书记在2007年向 中共十七大作报告时指出：中国与世界的关系发生了历史性变化；中国发展进步离不开世界，世界繁荣稳定也离不开中国；中国的前途命运日益紧密地同世界的前途 命运联系在一起。经过国际金融危机的洗礼后，我们对这个看法更加坚定和明确。那就是中国追求和谐发展，中国与世界的关系是一种良性互动。这种关系的特点有 三：So, how does China see its role and relationship with the world? China made this very clear three years ago. In his report to the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party in 2007, President Hu Jintao commented that Chinas relations with the world have gone through historic changes. China cannot develop in isolation from the world, and the worlds prosperity and stability requires Chinas contribution. Chinas future and destiny are increasingly linked to the rest of the world. The international financial crisis has only reaffirmed Chinas commitment to harmonious development and a positive relationship with the world. To achieve the goals of successful development:一是和平发展。中国仍然是一个发展中国家，发展是硬道理。中国争取和平的国际环境发展自己，又以自身的发展促进世界和平。我们奉行防御性国防政策，永远不称霸，永远不搞扩张；主张不干涉别国内部事务和谈判解决国际争端，致力于维护世界的和平与稳定。Firstly, Chinas development is peaceful. China is still a developing country and development remains our top priority. China needs a peaceful international environment to develop, and is ready to contribute more to world peace as it develops. Chinas development of defence capabilities are for self-defence. Hegemony or expansion is neither a tradition nor an option for China. We stand for non-interference in the internal affairs of other countries and call for negotiated solutions to international disputes.二是开放包容。中国的发展是开放的发展。不久前，中国制定了“十二五”规划，强调要必须实行更加积极主动的开放战略，拓展新的开放领域和空 间，积极参与全球经济治理和区域合作，不断提高对外开放水平。我们将以更加开放的姿态面向世界，以更加虚心的态度借鉴人类文明优秀成果和吸收各国发展有益 经验，以更加务实的行动加强国际交流合作。Secondly, Chinas development is open and inclusive. Development can never be achieved behind closed doors. China recently formulated its 12th Five-Year Plan, which called for greater openness in more areas, and a more active role in global economic governance and regional cooperation. To achieve this, we will engage with the world with an open mind. We will borrow from the fine cultural traditions and useful experiences of other countries, and strengthen international exchanges and cooperation.三是互利共赢。中国古人说：“君子爱财，取之有道”。中国要发展，但我们不动别人的奶酪，相反，我们愿和别人一起来把合作的蛋糕做大，共同分享。中国支持欧盟采取的金融稳定措施，这就是互利。欧元垮了，中国经济难免受损。这就是全球化时代的特点：相互依赖、利益共生。Thirdly, Chinas development is a win-win. As an old Chinese saying goes, A noble man acquires wealth by honourable means. Chinas development will not be achieved through a beggar-thy-neighbour approach. On the contrary, we will work with others to make the world economy bigger and share the benefits with others. China supports the EUs financial stabilisation measures, as they are in Chinas interests. The Chinese economy would not escape should the euro collapse. We are all together in a world of interdependence and interconnected interests between countries as a result of globalisation.女士们、先生们，Ladies and Gentlemen,中国的发展是一个进行时，这既是自我超越，也是与世界不断融合的过程。在这一过程中，中国正在主动适应自身地位发生的一些变化，克服“成长 的烦恼”，向外部世界有效宣示自己的意图和政策。700年前，意大利诗人但丁在其长篇史诗神曲中曾经写道：“走自己的路，让别人说去吧”。但今天，我 们要做的是：“走自己的路，让别人理解”。我们真诚希望世界看到中国的发展带来的机遇，并且善于抓住这个机遇，加强互惠合作，造福各自人民。Chinas development is an on-going process. It requires efforts by itself. It also calls for closer interaction with the world. China is adapting to its new position in the world and trying to overcome its growing pains. More than 700 years ago, the Italian poet Dante wrote in his epic poem the Divine Comedy, Go your own way; let others talk! What we are doing today is to: Go our own way; but let others understand! We hope the world will appreciate and take the opportunities created by Chinas development, and work closely with China to bring real benefits to the people.就在昨天，胡锦涛主席结束了对美国的国事访问，访问意义重大，成果丰硕，开启了中美关系的新篇章。中美两国都强调，致力于从战略高度和长远 角度出发，加强对话、交流和合作，发展求同存异、平等互信的政治关系，深化全面合作、互利共赢的经济关系，开展共同应对挑战的全球伙伴合作，推进人民广泛 参与的中美友好事业，并建立深入沟通、坦诚对话的高层交往模式。如果中美这两个政治社会制度、历史文化背景和经济发展阶段迥异的大国，能在新时期发展相互 尊重、互利共赢的合作伙伴关系，那么我们还有什么理由怀疑中国与世