中西文化对比-成语和谚语.ppt

Before a student gets the hang of how to use idioms and proverbs, hell make a lot of mistakes. Some mistakes will cause people to hold their sides with laughter, but that shouldnt put him in a stew. He should learn to put up with such things. You might say if you want to learn a foreign language well, thats part of the game.,在熟知这些成语的用法前，很多人一定会犯不少错误. 有些错误会使人发笑. 但不必着急，对这种事要有耐性. 可以说，学好外语，就得这样.,look out,东西,吃软不吃硬-bully the weak but yield to one who fights back - to be open to persuasion, but not to coercion,布衣素食-wear cotton clothes and eat vegetable food -coarse clothes and simple fare,get the hang of,hold ones sides with laughter,put someone in a stew,put up with something,part of the game,事情就是这样,忍受（某事）,使某人烦恼（为难,着急）,捧腹大笑,熟悉；得知,Chapter2 Idioms and Proverbs,What are idioms and proverbs?,Chinese meaning: 成语和谚语,In Chinese: 四字成语,In English: set phrases,idiom: a group of words in a fixed order having a particular meaning, which is different from the meanings of each word understood on its own and must be learnt as a whole unit.,proverb: short well-known saying that states a general truth or gives advice.,They are well-known set phrases or short sentences, expressing supposed truth, wisdom or moral lessons. They are special in structure which sometimes makes them inexplicable logically or grammatically. They can reflect vividly a nations geography, history, its peoples life experience, social views, thinking and concepts as well as literature.,.Similarity,A. Human experiences and observations, and even history are in many aspects similar, which makes the expressions and their meanings similar:,Strike while the iron is hot.,Many hands make light work.,Haste makes waste.,Out of sight, out of mind.,眼不见，心不烦.,欲速则不达.,人多好办事.,趁热打铁.,Look before you leap.,三思而后行.,More haste, less speed.,Birds of a feather flock together.,物以类聚，人以群分.,Things of a kind come together, people of a mind fall into the same group.,Like attracts like.,He most lives who thinks most, feels the noblest and acts the best.,Put not your hand between the bark and the tree.,思想深刻,情感高尚,品行端正者活的最好.,别人家中事,最好别插手./不要多管闲事.,Pride goes before a fall.,骄兵必败,Life is not a bed of roses.,生活并不总是充满鲜花,Two of a trade never agree.,同行多嫉妒.,Its not the beard that makes the philosopher.,有志不在年高.,Prevention is better than cure.,Give him an inch and hell take a mile.,Long hair and short wit.,All good things must come to an end.,天下没有不散的宴席.,头发长，见识短,得寸进尺.,预防胜过治疗.,Fire proves gold, adversity proves men.,Live and learn.,烈火显真金，逆境识英雄,活到老，学到老.,Blood is thicker than water.,Wall has ears.,血浓于水,隔墙有耳,Golden words offend the ears.,忠言逆耳.,If you would not be known to do anything, never do it. 若要人不知，除非己莫为 In unity here is strength. 团结就是力量 Time is money. 时间就是金钱. He whose belly is full believes not him who is fasting. 饱汉不知饿汉饥 Easier said than done./ (Its) easier to say than to do. 说时容易做时难 Idleness is the root of all evil. 懒惰是万恶之源 Brevity is the soul of wit. 简洁是智慧的精髓. Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧. He who has not tasted bitter knows not what sweet is. 吃得苦中苦, 方知甜上甜. Good luck would never come in pairs. 福不双至,B. In English, some idioms and proverbs are borrowed from other languages and it is the same with Chinese.,1. English borrowed from Chinese,to lose ones face 丢面子,paper tiger 纸老虎,to save ones face 保面子,2. Chinese borrowed from English:,an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth 以眼还眼，以牙还牙,armed to the teeth 武装到牙齿,a wolf in the sheeps clothing 披着羊皮的狼,turn over a new leaf 揭开新的一页,The eye is the window of the mind. 眼睛是心灵的窗户.,C. Similar sources:,From religious works. Olive branch-Bible-Genesis, scapegoat-Bible-Leviticus; eye for eye, tooth for tooth-Old Testament- Exodus. 现身说法；放下屠刀，立地成佛；五体投地,. From legend and mythology. Pandoras Box- Greek Mythology; Achilles Heel; 开天辟地； 精卫填海,. From fable. A wolf in sheeps clothing; sour Grapes: 狐假虎威,. From historical events and stories. Meet ones Waterloo; 项庄舞剑，意在沛公；鞠躬尽瘁，死而后 已；水落石出,to talk horse,. Dissimilarity,A. Similar in meaning but different in metaphor:,to break a butterfly on the wheel,a rat in hole,瓮中之鳖,like a drowned rat,to look for a needle in the hay,to fish in the air,像只落汤鸡,吹牛,大海捞针,水底捞月,杀鸡用牛刀；小题大做,to beat around the bush,旁敲侧击；转弯抹角,to kick/hit a man when he is down,An idle youth, a needy(贫困的) age.,once in a blue moon,to cry up wine and sell vinegar,to tread upon eggs,diamond cut diamond,Justice has long arms.,The burnt child dreads the fire.,千载难逢,挂羊头，卖狗肉,如履薄冰,棋逢对手,落井下石,天网恢恢，疏而不漏.,一遭被蛇咬，十年怕井绳.,少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲.,Many heads are better than one.,The proof of the pudding-梨 is in the eating.,三个臭皮匠，顶个诸葛亮.,空谈不如实践,Better be the head of a dog than the tail of a lion. 宁做鸡头，不做凤尾 The early bird catches the worm. 早起的鸟儿有虫吃. The foremost dog catches the hare. 捷足先登./ 先下手为强. Clumsy birds have to start early. 笨鸟先飞. Every potter praises his own pot. 老王卖瓜，自卖自夸 to blow ones own horn/ trumpet 自吹自擂. The fox preys farthest from home. 兔子不吃窝边草 One swallow does not make a summer. 一花独放不是春 One drop of poison infects the whole ton of wine. 一颗老鼠屎坏了一锅粥 Set a fox to keep ones geese. 引狼入室 What do you expect from a pig but a grunt? 狗嘴里吐不出象牙. He that comes of a hen must scrape. 老鼠的儿子会打洞 When the cats away, the mice will play.山中无老虎，猴子称大王 Give a dog a bad name and hang him. 欲加之罪，何患无词. Love me, love my dog. 爱屋及乌. Every dog has his day. 瓦片也有翻身日；人人都有得意时.,The leopard can never change its spot. 本性难移. A little pot is soon hot. 壶小易热，量小易怒. Let beggars match with beggars. 门当户对./龙配龙, 凤配风. Dont put the cart before the horse. 勿本末倒置. Fine feathers do not make fine birds. 人不可貌相. Kill two birds with one stone. 一石击二鸟；一箭双雕. Every day is not Sunday. 好境不长. Faith will move mountains. 精诚所至，金石为开. Barking dogs do not bite. 嘴狠手软./刀子嘴豆腐心. A new broom sweeps clean. 新官上任三把火. One cannot make a silk purse out of a sows ear. 巧妇难为无米之炊. What we lose in hake we shall have in herring. 失之东隅，收之桑榆. Beautiful flowers are soon picked. 红颜多薄命. As you make your bed, so you must lie on it. 自作自受，作茧自缚. A rolling stone gathers no moss. 滚石不生苔, 转业不聚财. Talk of the devil, and hes sure to appear. Speak of angels, and you will hear their wings. 说曹操, 曹操到.,B. Similar in meaning but different in expression:,Sink or swim.,自作自受.,Who spits against heaven, it falls in his face.,知足者常乐.,Enough is as good as a feast,宁可信其有，不可信其无,Better to be sure than sorry.,失之毫厘，谬以千里,A miss is as good as a mile.,机不可失.,Opportunity seldom knocks twice.,博而不专,Jack of all trades, master of none.,不吃苦中苦，难得人上人,He that had no cross deserves no crown.,不进则退,Rome was not built in a day.,冰冻三尺非一日之寒.,Where theres smoke theres fire.,无风不起浪.,To pay him back in his own coin.,An unfortunate man would be drowned in a tea-cup.,-人倒霉喝凉水都塞牙., It takes two to make a quarrel.,一个巴掌拍不响.,Failures are the pillars of success.,失败是成功之母.,Truth needs not many words.,有理不在声高.,以其人之道，还治其人之身.,C. Some idioms and proverbs are common in one language but completely absent in the other:,1. In English:,to meet ones Waterloo,Go Dutch.,各人自己付钱.,The last straw bent the camel.,超出忍耐的极限；忍无可忍,An apple a day keeps the doctor away.,多吃苹果少得病.,keep ones fingers crossed,希望好运；祈求吉利,be born with a silver spoon in ones mouth,生在富贵人家,pull the wool over someones eyes,蒙骗某人,put ones foot in ones mouth,说错话；做错事,遭到惨败,2. In Chinese:,- Neither adjust your shoe in a melon patch, nor your hat under a plum-tree-to prevent from being considered a thief,-well-thought-out plan/ idea,胸有成竹,盲人瞎马,- A blind man on a blind horse-rushing headlong to disaster,- Even the dog swagger when its master wins favor.,一人得道，鸡犬升天,- Court door may open, but not to the poor,衙门自古朝南开，有理无钱莫进来,瓜田不纳履，李下不整冠, In Chinese, there is a special expression called the two-part saying. It is formed by a short statement and a tag phrase to give a further explanation or comment that brings out the wit or humor. The two-part saying does not exist in English.,the Eight Immortals cross the sea - each displaying his special prowess; people doing the same job, but each in his own special way, and doing it well,茶壶里煮饺子-倒不出来,boiling dumplings in a teapot -no way to get them out; have ideas but cant express them orally,八仙过海-各显神通,狗拿耗子-多管闲事,A dog catching a mouse -poking ones nose into other peoples business,鸡蛋里挑骨头-故意找错,Picking bones from eggs-finding fault deliberately,猫哭老鼠-假慈悲,A cat crying over a mouses misfortune-fake mercy,门缝里瞅人-把人看扁了,Gazing at someone from behind a slightly opened door -taking a narrow view of a person,泥菩萨过河-自身难保,A clay Buddha crossing a stream-hardly able to save himself,竹篮打水-一场空,千里送鹅毛-礼轻情意重,Travel a thousand miles to bestow a goose feather - a small gift but a token of profound friendship,铁打的公鸡-一毛不拔,An iron rooster- not a feather can be pulled out; skinflint,兔子的尾巴-长不了,A hares tail-can not be / last long,外甥打灯笼-照旧（舅）,The nephew holds a lantern for his uncle- things stay unchanged,哑巴吃黄连-有苦说不出,A dumb person tasting bitter herb-unable to express bitter feelings,Drawing water with a bamboo basket, draw water in a sieve -achieving nothing,D. Some expressions seem to be equivalent in meaning on the surface and some are difficult to understand because their literal meaning sounds strange to a foreigner.,to have words with sb.,It takes two to make a quarrel.,A miss is as good as a mile.,- to quarrel or to have an angry discussion with sb.,和某人说话和某人吵架争吵,- It takes more than one person to achieve anything significant.,一个巴掌拍不响,- In Chinese, it is a warning; in English, it merely state a fact, or a philosophic attitude.,失之毫厘，谬以千里, to eatswallow ones words,自食其言收回前言，承认错了 见ppt27,gilding the lily,The pot calls the kettle black.,直译：给百合花贴金,- spoiling sth. which is already fine or good by adding sth. in attempt to make it better,直译：锅笑壶黑,五十步笑一百步,- One tries to accuse another of faults similar to those committed by himself.,- adding sth. to make a good thing even better,- Two have mistakes but one has less than another.,锦上添花,画蛇添足,乌鸦笑猪黑,e.g. She accused us of being extravagant- talk about the pot calling the kettle black.,to get a kick out of/ from (doing) something,to blow ones own horn (or